An effective discrete artificial bee colony(DABC) algorithm is proposed for the flow shop scheduling problem with intermediate buffers(IBFSP) in order to minimize the maximum completion time(i.e makespan). The effecti...An effective discrete artificial bee colony(DABC) algorithm is proposed for the flow shop scheduling problem with intermediate buffers(IBFSP) in order to minimize the maximum completion time(i.e makespan). The effective combination of the insertion and swap operator is applied to producing neighborhood individual at the employed bee phase. The tournament selection is adopted to avoid falling into local optima, while, the optimized insert operator embeds in onlooker bee phase for further searching the neighborhood solution to enhance the local search ability of algorithm. The tournament selection with size 2 is again applied and a better selected solution will be performed destruction and construction of iterated greedy(IG) algorithm, and then the result replaces the worse one. Simulation results show that our algorithm has a better performance compared with the HDDE and CHS which were proposed recently. It provides the better known solutions for the makespan criterion to flow shop scheduling problem with limited buffers for the Car benchmark by Carlier and Rec benchmark by Reeves. The convergence curves show that the algorithm not only has faster convergence speed but also has better convergence value.展开更多
Laboratory tests were conducted to study the effects of curing time, cement ratio and seawater pressure on cement soil deterioration formed at simulative marine soft clay sites. Deterioration depth was determined on t...Laboratory tests were conducted to study the effects of curing time, cement ratio and seawater pressure on cement soil deterioration formed at simulative marine soft clay sites. Deterioration depth was determined on the basis of characteristics of penetration resistance and penetration depth curves, and the deterioration depth of cement soil with the cement ratio of 7%, reached 31.8 mm after 720 d. Results of research indicated that deterioration extended quickly under seawater environment and the deterioration depth increased with the prolonging curing time. In addition, the water pressure could speed up deterioration. With the increase of cement content, the strength of cement soil increased obviously. At the same time, the deterioration depth decreased significantly. The concentration of calcium ion in the cement stabilized soil increased with the increase of depth, while that of magnesium ion gradually decreased. The variations were consistent with energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)analysis results, and the calcium concentration with depth was in a good consistency with strength distribution at long term. The results showed that the deterioration became more serious with the curing time, and it was related to calcium leaching.展开更多
A new method was developed for effective enrichment of Cd2+ ions from water with a calcium alginate(CaAlg) hydrogel filtration membrane. First, the CaAlg hydrogel filtration membrane was prepared without a pore-formin...A new method was developed for effective enrichment of Cd2+ ions from water with a calcium alginate(CaAlg) hydrogel filtration membrane. First, the CaAlg hydrogel filtration membrane was prepared without a pore-forming agent. This membrane was used to remove Cd^(2+) via ion exchange with Ca^(2+), and the Cd^(2+) was preserved in the CaAlg hydrogel. Then, the CaAlg hydrogel containing Cd^(2+) was soaked in a sodium citrate solution, and the hydrogel was fully dissolved. The removal rate of the CaAlg filtration membrane reached almost 100% within 120 min when the Cd^(2+) concentration was under 1 mg/L. Factors affecting the removal rate were investigated, such as NaAlg concentration, operating pressure, operating time and the initial concentration of Cd^(2+). The effects of initial Cd^(2+) concentration, pressure and filtration time on the enrichment factor were also investigated. The results show that the enrichment factor reached 87.3 when the pressure was 0.18 MPa and the filtration time was 240 min. Different enrichment factors could be achieved by adjusting the operating pressure and filtration time.展开更多
In this work,we synthesized tin(IV)phosphonate(SnBPMA)and zirconium phosphonate(ZrBPMA)by the reaction of SnCl4·5H2O or ZrOCl2·8H2O with N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)aminoacetic acid,which was synthesized from a ...In this work,we synthesized tin(IV)phosphonate(SnBPMA)and zirconium phosphonate(ZrBPMA)by the reaction of SnCl4·5H2O or ZrOCl2·8H2O with N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)aminoacetic acid,which was synthesized from a biomaterial glycine through a Mannich-type reaction.The SnBPMA and ZrBPMA were very efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the dehydration of fructose to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF),and the SnBPMA had higher activity than the ZrBPMA.The effects of solvents,temperature,reaction time,and reactant/solvent weight ratio on the reaction catalyzed by SnBPMA were investigated.It was demonstrated that the yield of HMF could reach 86.5%with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide([Emim]Br)as solvent,and the SnBPMA and SnBPMA/[Emim]Br catalytic system could be reused five times without considerable reduction in catalytic efficiency.Further study indicated that the SnBPMA and ZrBPMA in[Emim]Br were also effective for the dehydration of sucrose and inulin to produce HMF with satisfactory yields.展开更多
基金Projects(61174040,61104178,61374136) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(12JC1403400) supported by Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology,ChinaProject supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘An effective discrete artificial bee colony(DABC) algorithm is proposed for the flow shop scheduling problem with intermediate buffers(IBFSP) in order to minimize the maximum completion time(i.e makespan). The effective combination of the insertion and swap operator is applied to producing neighborhood individual at the employed bee phase. The tournament selection is adopted to avoid falling into local optima, while, the optimized insert operator embeds in onlooker bee phase for further searching the neighborhood solution to enhance the local search ability of algorithm. The tournament selection with size 2 is again applied and a better selected solution will be performed destruction and construction of iterated greedy(IG) algorithm, and then the result replaces the worse one. Simulation results show that our algorithm has a better performance compared with the HDDE and CHS which were proposed recently. It provides the better known solutions for the makespan criterion to flow shop scheduling problem with limited buffers for the Car benchmark by Carlier and Rec benchmark by Reeves. The convergence curves show that the algorithm not only has faster convergence speed but also has better convergence value.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50779062)
文摘Laboratory tests were conducted to study the effects of curing time, cement ratio and seawater pressure on cement soil deterioration formed at simulative marine soft clay sites. Deterioration depth was determined on the basis of characteristics of penetration resistance and penetration depth curves, and the deterioration depth of cement soil with the cement ratio of 7%, reached 31.8 mm after 720 d. Results of research indicated that deterioration extended quickly under seawater environment and the deterioration depth increased with the prolonging curing time. In addition, the water pressure could speed up deterioration. With the increase of cement content, the strength of cement soil increased obviously. At the same time, the deterioration depth decreased significantly. The concentration of calcium ion in the cement stabilized soil increased with the increase of depth, while that of magnesium ion gradually decreased. The variations were consistent with energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)analysis results, and the calcium concentration with depth was in a good consistency with strength distribution at long term. The results showed that the deterioration became more serious with the curing time, and it was related to calcium leaching.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51678409,21504063&51708407)the Special Scientific Research Fund of Agricultural Public Welfare Profession of China(Grant No.21403014-1)+1 种基金the Tianjin Science Technology Research Funds of China(Grant Nos.16JCZDJC37500,15JCQNJC08900&17JCQNJC08700)the Tianjin Science and Technology Correspondent Project(Grant No.16JCTPJC44800)
文摘A new method was developed for effective enrichment of Cd2+ ions from water with a calcium alginate(CaAlg) hydrogel filtration membrane. First, the CaAlg hydrogel filtration membrane was prepared without a pore-forming agent. This membrane was used to remove Cd^(2+) via ion exchange with Ca^(2+), and the Cd^(2+) was preserved in the CaAlg hydrogel. Then, the CaAlg hydrogel containing Cd^(2+) was soaked in a sodium citrate solution, and the hydrogel was fully dissolved. The removal rate of the CaAlg filtration membrane reached almost 100% within 120 min when the Cd^(2+) concentration was under 1 mg/L. Factors affecting the removal rate were investigated, such as NaAlg concentration, operating pressure, operating time and the initial concentration of Cd^(2+). The effects of initial Cd^(2+) concentration, pressure and filtration time on the enrichment factor were also investigated. The results show that the enrichment factor reached 87.3 when the pressure was 0.18 MPa and the filtration time was 240 min. Different enrichment factors could be achieved by adjusting the operating pressure and filtration time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(2100313321173234)
文摘In this work,we synthesized tin(IV)phosphonate(SnBPMA)and zirconium phosphonate(ZrBPMA)by the reaction of SnCl4·5H2O or ZrOCl2·8H2O with N,N-bis(phosphonomethyl)aminoacetic acid,which was synthesized from a biomaterial glycine through a Mannich-type reaction.The SnBPMA and ZrBPMA were very efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the dehydration of fructose to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF),and the SnBPMA had higher activity than the ZrBPMA.The effects of solvents,temperature,reaction time,and reactant/solvent weight ratio on the reaction catalyzed by SnBPMA were investigated.It was demonstrated that the yield of HMF could reach 86.5%with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide([Emim]Br)as solvent,and the SnBPMA and SnBPMA/[Emim]Br catalytic system could be reused five times without considerable reduction in catalytic efficiency.Further study indicated that the SnBPMA and ZrBPMA in[Emim]Br were also effective for the dehydration of sucrose and inulin to produce HMF with satisfactory yields.
