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基于中西法文化差异对罗马帝国“腐败灭亡说”的再思考
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作者 毛皓强 《甘肃理论学刊》 2019年第2期100-106,共7页
针对罗马帝国衰亡的原因分析,美国学者拉姆塞·麦克莫兰从社会历史学的角度出发,指出行政官员的私人化、社会关系的金钱化、官僚体系的臃肿化等因素是导致罗马最终被哥特人击败的根本动因。然而,在麦氏的观点中其时罗马社会诸多私... 针对罗马帝国衰亡的原因分析,美国学者拉姆塞·麦克莫兰从社会历史学的角度出发,指出行政官员的私人化、社会关系的金钱化、官僚体系的臃肿化等因素是导致罗马最终被哥特人击败的根本动因。然而,在麦氏的观点中其时罗马社会诸多私人因素都被过多地纳入到了导致罗马衰败的衡量标准之中,其提出的"公共权威的私家化"这一范畴是否成立本身就值得商榷。纳入哈贝马斯的理论进行对比分析,不难得出所谓社会风气的腐化与贿赂成风很有可能是一种误解,由此则有可能从根本上动摇所谓的"罗马腐败论"。当然,如若我们将"东方文化"也加入其中进行对比的话,甚至会发现若按照麦氏的标准进行评价则我们国家无时无刻不在"崩溃"的边缘。因此,罗马自共和国后期以来是否腐败以及是否由于此种原因才最终导致其灭亡就是本文意图回答的问题。 展开更多
关键词 罗马史 腐败 交往理性 公权力 私家化
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东晋桓温军府对桓玄建楚的影响
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作者 张军 《阅江学刊》 2014年第4期74-80,87,共8页
东晋桓温军府是魏晋军府发展的延续。东晋时期军府之间呈现层级化的结构特征,存在宝塔式的纵向层级依附关系。桓温个人身份对桓氏家族的影响很大,他获得的权力具有一定的合法性,也为桓氏后继者出任军将提供了契机。桓温善于治理和抚民,... 东晋桓温军府是魏晋军府发展的延续。东晋时期军府之间呈现层级化的结构特征,存在宝塔式的纵向层级依附关系。桓温个人身份对桓氏家族的影响很大,他获得的权力具有一定的合法性,也为桓氏后继者出任军将提供了契机。桓温善于治理和抚民,在荆州有较持久的政治影响力,这些成为桓玄成势的政情、民情基础。桓玄建楚是桓温、桓玄父子两代人努力的结果:桓温执兵权而行北伐之事,再借北伐立威,收功于外,获誉于内;桓玄则在晋末统治集团多方权力角逐中脱颖而出,借父辈余荫兵权急剧膨胀,直至改朝换代。但他们即使在最盛时也未能取得全国兵权。北府将刘裕讨伐桓玄,最终以北府兵击败了以桓氏为代表的荆州兵,并实现晋宋易鼎。某一家族在某一地区的世袭兵权,很大程度上为东晋强藩割据大开方便之门,桓温军府便是兵权私家化的表现之一,这不仅与当时皇权受到削弱有关,也与魏晋以来人身依附关系的强化有很大关系。 展开更多
关键词 东晋 桓温军府 桓玄建楚 兵权私家化 纵向层级依附关系
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Private Benefits of Politicians and Delayed Privatization
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作者 Michal Katdofiski Jacek Mizerka 《Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing》 2011年第4期368-379,共12页
The aim of this paper is to consider the problem of politicians' control of state-owned enterprises in a transforming economy. The control of a company can be treated as a choice of a strategy pursued by this company... The aim of this paper is to consider the problem of politicians' control of state-owned enterprises in a transforming economy. The control of a company can be treated as a choice of a strategy pursued by this company. In order to present politicians' influence on a company's strategy, we consider the case of a firm controlled by the State Treasury (i.e., by politicians) and a company outside politicians' control, both functioning in a favorable and an unfavorable state of the economy. We propose the option-to-switch valuation model as a method of measuring politicians' private benefits of control. We illustrate the considerations using data concerning Poland's printing industry. 展开更多
关键词 political control private benefits PRIVATIZATION real options
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A Feasibility Study for New Transport Connections between Italy and Algeria
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作者 Antonio Pratelli Massimiliano Petri +1 位作者 Corrado Rindone Fracescalberto de Bari 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2017年第7期691-700,共10页
The present study is part of the Executive Scientific Project 2 in the ItalMed Project which aims to elaborate a feasibility study for new transport connections between Italy and Algeria. The main objectives of the st... The present study is part of the Executive Scientific Project 2 in the ItalMed Project which aims to elaborate a feasibility study for new transport connections between Italy and Algeria. The main objectives of the study are to increase the degree of economic integration between the two countries and improve commercial exchanges and direct investments in Algeria by Italian private companies. Moreover, the study tries to promote Italy's role as logistic platform for Mediterranean Countries along the east-west and north-south corridors and to improve the capacity of Italian regions to manage international cooperation programs on transport and logistics, finally, to support regional entrepreneurship in the foreign services sector. 展开更多
关键词 FREIGHT stated preference potential demand cost model
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