A study was conducted to determine the productive and reproductive performance of dairy cattle reared in major milk production area of Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal, as well as determining the existing br...A study was conducted to determine the productive and reproductive performance of dairy cattle reared in major milk production area of Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal, as well as determining the existing breeding scenario of cattle farming followed by the farmers. Five years （2008-2012） of data of 728 animals send to data management section of Animal Breeding Division under Dairy Cattle Improvement Program （DCIP） were reviewed and analyzed. Similarly, monthly data recording of 380 animals taken from May 2012 to April 2013 were used to find out information on reproductive performance. Average milk yield, fat percentage and protein percentage of cattle were observed 2,841 ± 84.9 kg, 4.43% ± 0.66% and 3.33% ± 0.17%, respectively, and the effect of genotype on these traits were found significant （P 〈 0.001, P 〈 0.001 and P 〈 0.01, respectively）. Similarly, calving interval, post-partum estrus, post-partum conception, age at maturity and age at first calving were observed 422.8 ± 7.71, 108.9 ± 6.13, 149.93 ± 27.04, 498.5 ±16.32 and 816.0 ±17.41 d, respectively. Age at maturity and age at first calving was significantly affected by genotype （P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05, respectively）. In addition, average number of insemination per conception was observed 1.38 in survey household. Breeding system of cattle followed by the farmers were found satisfactory in the survey household, but needs gradual improvement. It was observed that offspring of cross between Jersey and Holstein performed better in terms of productive and reproductive performance in farmer managed condition of Nepal. Therefore, rotational crossing of Jersey and Holstein for maintaining blood level between 50% and 75% of either breed is the best choice for farmers.展开更多
Organic animal breeding means the production of certified animal products by considering the well-being of animals without damaging the environment and without using any pesticide in a controlled manner. All aquacultu...Organic animal breeding means the production of certified animal products by considering the well-being of animals without damaging the environment and without using any pesticide in a controlled manner. All aquaculture activities other than organic farming can be defined as conventional farming. Organic animal production has increased significantly annually over the past decade in the world. Dairy cattle production is examined with particular focus on the possibilities of improving the sustainability of ruminant systems and on the possible role of organic production to meet the demand of sustainability. Organic dairy cattle production can improve animal welfare, protect the environment and sustain rewarding rural life styles. Future of organic dairy cattle production will have to rely on continuous search for alternatives in nutrition, disease prevention and control that are environmentally friendly. Understanding organic dairy cattle farming from economic, ecological and animal welfare perspectives will increase the likelihood of success. In the current study, besides the basic principles of organic dairy cattle breeding that is a quite popular branch of business in recent years, the current state, weaknesses and strengths of organic dairy cattle breeding both in Turkey and the world and how organic dairy cattle breeding can be developed are discussed.展开更多
This study was conducted from 1992-2002 on 65,534 individual milk records and fat percentage in 473 herds, in six provinces of Khuzestan, Mazndaran, W. Azerbaijan, E. Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Gilan. The data was analyz...This study was conducted from 1992-2002 on 65,534 individual milk records and fat percentage in 473 herds, in six provinces of Khuzestan, Mazndaran, W. Azerbaijan, E. Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Gilan. The data was analyzed by SAS sotfware using GLM procedure. The heritability and breeding value of 1,195 animals were calculated by DFRML procedure. The average milk yield per lactation, days of lactation, fat percentage and LSM of fat percentage were 1,513 kg, 202 days, 5.04 and 6.77, respectively. The estimated heritability of milk was 0.16. The LSM of average milk production in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, E. Azerbaijan, W. Azerbaijan, Khuzestan and Ardabil were： 1,452, 1,586, 1,382, 1,183, 2,135 and 1,189 kg, respectively. These results indicated that Khuzestan province has the highest potential in the field of milk production. The top five highest breeding value bulls have been introduced to artificial insemination＇s station in the city of Uremia.展开更多
文摘A study was conducted to determine the productive and reproductive performance of dairy cattle reared in major milk production area of Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal, as well as determining the existing breeding scenario of cattle farming followed by the farmers. Five years （2008-2012） of data of 728 animals send to data management section of Animal Breeding Division under Dairy Cattle Improvement Program （DCIP） were reviewed and analyzed. Similarly, monthly data recording of 380 animals taken from May 2012 to April 2013 were used to find out information on reproductive performance. Average milk yield, fat percentage and protein percentage of cattle were observed 2,841 ± 84.9 kg, 4.43% ± 0.66% and 3.33% ± 0.17%, respectively, and the effect of genotype on these traits were found significant （P 〈 0.001, P 〈 0.001 and P 〈 0.01, respectively）. Similarly, calving interval, post-partum estrus, post-partum conception, age at maturity and age at first calving were observed 422.8 ± 7.71, 108.9 ± 6.13, 149.93 ± 27.04, 498.5 ±16.32 and 816.0 ±17.41 d, respectively. Age at maturity and age at first calving was significantly affected by genotype （P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05, respectively）. In addition, average number of insemination per conception was observed 1.38 in survey household. Breeding system of cattle followed by the farmers were found satisfactory in the survey household, but needs gradual improvement. It was observed that offspring of cross between Jersey and Holstein performed better in terms of productive and reproductive performance in farmer managed condition of Nepal. Therefore, rotational crossing of Jersey and Holstein for maintaining blood level between 50% and 75% of either breed is the best choice for farmers.
文摘Organic animal breeding means the production of certified animal products by considering the well-being of animals without damaging the environment and without using any pesticide in a controlled manner. All aquaculture activities other than organic farming can be defined as conventional farming. Organic animal production has increased significantly annually over the past decade in the world. Dairy cattle production is examined with particular focus on the possibilities of improving the sustainability of ruminant systems and on the possible role of organic production to meet the demand of sustainability. Organic dairy cattle production can improve animal welfare, protect the environment and sustain rewarding rural life styles. Future of organic dairy cattle production will have to rely on continuous search for alternatives in nutrition, disease prevention and control that are environmentally friendly. Understanding organic dairy cattle farming from economic, ecological and animal welfare perspectives will increase the likelihood of success. In the current study, besides the basic principles of organic dairy cattle breeding that is a quite popular branch of business in recent years, the current state, weaknesses and strengths of organic dairy cattle breeding both in Turkey and the world and how organic dairy cattle breeding can be developed are discussed.
文摘This study was conducted from 1992-2002 on 65,534 individual milk records and fat percentage in 473 herds, in six provinces of Khuzestan, Mazndaran, W. Azerbaijan, E. Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Gilan. The data was analyzed by SAS sotfware using GLM procedure. The heritability and breeding value of 1,195 animals were calculated by DFRML procedure. The average milk yield per lactation, days of lactation, fat percentage and LSM of fat percentage were 1,513 kg, 202 days, 5.04 and 6.77, respectively. The estimated heritability of milk was 0.16. The LSM of average milk production in the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, E. Azerbaijan, W. Azerbaijan, Khuzestan and Ardabil were： 1,452, 1,586, 1,382, 1,183, 2,135 and 1,189 kg, respectively. These results indicated that Khuzestan province has the highest potential in the field of milk production. The top five highest breeding value bulls have been introduced to artificial insemination＇s station in the city of Uremia.
