[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of cultivation and seed reservation methods on quality and disease/insect damages of maca seed in cold highland areas,providing scientific references for cultivation and ...[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of cultivation and seed reservation methods on quality and disease/insect damages of maca seed in cold highland areas,providing scientific references for cultivation and seed reservation and planning of maca vareity.[Method] Yellow,purple and black maca were selected and cultivated in the region with an elevation of 3 000 m to be experimental materials and cultivation and seed reservation methods were as follows：maca seed reservation in situ,seed reservation in original soils maca grown after selection of maca balls,and seed reservation in the region with an elevation of 2 700 m after selection of maca ball,seed reservation in greenhouses in the region with an elevation of 2 400 m after selection of maca ball,and growing selected balls in greenhouses and transplanting to the farmlands with an elevation of 2 400 m.[Result] The cultivation and seed reservation methods had significant or extremely significant effects on maca phenological phase;maca in different colors were treated by different cultivation and seed reservation methods,showing insignificant effects on disease and insect damages.[Conclusion] It can be concluded that the selected maca balls stored for 15 d as per the method grown in the region with an elevation of 2 700 m will improve seed quality and reduce disease or insect damages.展开更多
Hypocotyl segments from aseptic seedlings of two important cultivars of upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Northwest China, 'Xinluzao_1', 'Jinmian_7', 'Jinmian_12' and 'Jihe_321&#...Hypocotyl segments from aseptic seedlings of two important cultivars of upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Northwest China, 'Xinluzao_1', 'Jinmian_7', 'Jinmian_12' and 'Jihe_321' were transformed respectively by two efficient plant expression plasmids pBinMoBc and pBinoBc via Agrobacterium tumefaciens . In pBinMoBc, cry 1Ac3 gene, which encodes the Bt toxin, is under the control of chimeric OM promoter. In pBinoBc, it is under control of CaMV 35S promoter. After co_cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefimpfaciens LBA4404 (containing pBinMoBc or pBinoBc), kanamycin_resistant selection, somatic embryos were induced and regenerated plants were obtained. Then the regenerated plantlets were grafted to untransformed stocks in greenhouse to produce descendants. The integration of cry 1Ac3 gene and its expression in T 2 generation of transgenic cotton plants were confirmed by Southern hybridization and Western blotting. The analyses of insect bioassay indicated that the transgenic plants of both constructions have significant resistance to the larvae of cotton bollworm ( Heliothis armigera ) and that cry 1Ac3 gene driven by chimeric OM promoter could endue T 2 generation cotton with high pest_resistant ability, implicating that it has a profound application in genetic engineering to breed new pest_resistant cotton varieties.展开更多
Chickpea is an important food legume crop of Turkey and is largely grown for human consumption on low moisture or salt-affected soils. The objective of the study was to find the effects of NaCl stress at electrical co...Chickpea is an important food legume crop of Turkey and is largely grown for human consumption on low moisture or salt-affected soils. The objective of the study was to find the effects of NaCl stress at electrical conductivities of 4.5, 8.6, 12.7 and 16.3 dS/m and seed sizes （7, 8 and 9 mm） on germination and early seedling growth of three popular chickpea cultivars （AKN-97, Gokce and Uzunlu-99）. Mean frequency of germination, germination time, germination index, root length, shoot length and seedling fresh weight showed seed size-dependent responses ofcultivars to salt stress. In general, small seeds germinated and grew more rapidly compared to medium and large seeds of the same cultivars against all levels of salt stress, with the best results in cultivar Uzunlu-99. No effect of NaCl treatments was observed on frequency of germination; however, a drastic decrease in early seedling growth was recorded at increased NaC1 concentrations. Regression analysis results showed a significantly positive relationship （P〈0.01） between seed size and mean germination time, whereas a significantly negative relationship was recorded between seed size and germination index, root length, shoot length. Moreover, linear regression values apparently confirmed that increased seed size in each cultivar affected decreased germination index, root and shoot lengths with enhanced mean germination time. Thus, it was concluded that the use of small seeds could considerably reduce the production costs of chickpea in salt-affected soils.展开更多
An experiment was conducted and through distant hybridization a new promising forms of citruses were obtained. Namely, after hybridization of lemon Georgian and broad-leaved mandarin unshiu （mother components） with ...An experiment was conducted and through distant hybridization a new promising forms of citruses were obtained. Namely, after hybridization of lemon Georgian and broad-leaved mandarin unshiu （mother components） with early-ripening trifoliata and a hybrid of citrus ichangensis--＂Caucasus＂ （father components） a wide range of nucellar seedlings were obtained. It should be noted that nucellar seedlings of hybrid nature are practically closer to distant hybrids of sexual origin that are sharply inclined to the side of the mother component and produce good quality fruit. Unfortunately, such hybrids are either very rare or cannot be obtained at all. While, in the case of the study, through using new combinations in hybridization, the possibility of getting nucellar seedlings of the hybrid nature is much bigger. Distant hybridization turned out to be particularly interesting because of the polyembryony of citrus plants. Due to this, it gives opportunity to get new promising forms not only from the egg cell but from nucellar cells as well.展开更多
This paper describes how a research was carried out about Chloris gayana Kunth. The objective of the work was to agronomical characterize the best sowing date, establishment efficiency, first year management, persiste...This paper describes how a research was carried out about Chloris gayana Kunth. The objective of the work was to agronomical characterize the best sowing date, establishment efficiency, first year management, persistence strategies, biomass production and seeds. The parameter evaluated was： morphological, quality and production of seeds of three commercial cultivars （Santana, Finecut and Recleimer）. Trial duration is December 2012 to December 2016 （33o S, 61o W） Argentina. Design three random blocks with three repetitions, plot 5 × 5 meter. The results were analyzed by ANOVA （Analysis of Variance）, and there was used Tukey Test （p 〈 0.05） for comparison of averages, to determine significant differences between the different ones that will be sown. It was determined that the ends of spring dates ensure better establishment. Although the data of morphology of the first year （length of pod, length of blade and number of leaves/plant） presented differences between the cv, they did not mark a tendency that ensures the best development of one. Recleimer with 598 and 1,026 accumulated degree days present the highest values in both measurements. The accumulation of biomass over the years shows that commercial cv show a very similar performance （12,000 kg DM （Dry Matter） per hectare per year）. The annual accumulation of DM would not vary significantly as monthly cuts are applied during the growing season or total accumulation without cuts would be allowed. In relation to quality parameters （gross protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber）, Recleimer has the lowest values. Santana and Finecut were best in quality. Production of the seed was highest in May for all cvs. However, viability was limited in all date but Finecut and Recleimer showed best performance. As expected, in the megathermal species, seed production being one of the critical points.展开更多
The results of researches aimed to establish the optimum growing space and density of standing of plants at cultivation of cauliflower seeds in Uzbekistan are stated in the article. Researches were spent in the suburb...The results of researches aimed to establish the optimum growing space and density of standing of plants at cultivation of cauliflower seeds in Uzbekistan are stated in the article. Researches were spent in the suburb of Tashkent with a mid-early grade ＂Domestic＂. In experiences were compared 5 densities of standing （31746, 35714, 40806, 47620 and 57142 pieces/hectare） received at planting of sprouts with row-spacing of 70 sm and distance between plants in a row 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 sm. Experiences were pawned in quadruple frequency with the area of an allotment 10 M2. 60-65 day sprouts were planted under film tunnel shelters on February 11-12. Film shelters were kept over plants till the end of March. Seed plants were grown up without formation. Experiences were accompanied by phonological control, calculation of leaves quantity, an establishment of average weight of a head, definition of quantity of the plants, which have given seeds, the account of a crop of seeds from a bush and of a unit of area. It has been defined that reception of seeds of a cauliflower at cultivation under film tunnels is quite possible in Uzbekistan. It is established that with representation of the big growing space the plants form more leaves, earlier and larger form the heads, develop the testicles acceleration and increase their seed efficiency. It has been revealed that the more plants thickness is, the bigger share of them does not give seeds. In this connection the greatest crop of seeds has been received at growing space 70x45 sm at which 31.7 thousand Pl/ha had been planted. It is proved that in the conditions of Uzbekistan it is possible to cultivate high-grade seeds of cauliflower with productivity of 127-147 kg/ha.展开更多
Xiangxiang 2A has an evident drawback, i.e., instability in male sterility under higher temperature conditions resulting from the existence of minor restoring genes in it, which greatly hampered the extension of its e...Xiangxiang 2A has an evident drawback, i.e., instability in male sterility under higher temperature conditions resulting from the existence of minor restoring genes in it, which greatly hampered the extension of its elite hybrid Xiangyou 63 with both high yield and fine quality in commercial production. To improve Xiangxiang 2A, the hybridization of Xiangxiang 2B with V20 B was made again in 1990. A new aromatic CMS line Xinxiang A was successfully developed in 1994. It not only retains the favorable characteristics of Xiangxiang 2A in grain quality and combining ability, but also expresses complete and stable male sterility and high seed production yield potential. Up to now, by using it as female parent, a series of quasi aromatic hybrids have been developed. Some of them have been released to farmers. Because such hybrids can not only yield higher or as high as but also possess a better grain quality than the current common high yielding hybrid rice varieties,so that they are preferred and well welcome by the farmers in China. The planting area under these hybrids is increasing rapidly in China.展开更多
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of cultivation and seed reservation methods on quality and disease/insect damages of maca seed in cold highland areas,providing scientific references for cultivation and seed reservation and planning of maca vareity.[Method] Yellow,purple and black maca were selected and cultivated in the region with an elevation of 3 000 m to be experimental materials and cultivation and seed reservation methods were as follows：maca seed reservation in situ,seed reservation in original soils maca grown after selection of maca balls,and seed reservation in the region with an elevation of 2 700 m after selection of maca ball,seed reservation in greenhouses in the region with an elevation of 2 400 m after selection of maca ball,and growing selected balls in greenhouses and transplanting to the farmlands with an elevation of 2 400 m.[Result] The cultivation and seed reservation methods had significant or extremely significant effects on maca phenological phase;maca in different colors were treated by different cultivation and seed reservation methods,showing insignificant effects on disease and insect damages.[Conclusion] It can be concluded that the selected maca balls stored for 15 d as per the method grown in the region with an elevation of 2 700 m will improve seed quality and reduce disease or insect damages.
文摘Hypocotyl segments from aseptic seedlings of two important cultivars of upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Northwest China, 'Xinluzao_1', 'Jinmian_7', 'Jinmian_12' and 'Jihe_321' were transformed respectively by two efficient plant expression plasmids pBinMoBc and pBinoBc via Agrobacterium tumefaciens . In pBinMoBc, cry 1Ac3 gene, which encodes the Bt toxin, is under the control of chimeric OM promoter. In pBinoBc, it is under control of CaMV 35S promoter. After co_cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefimpfaciens LBA4404 (containing pBinMoBc or pBinoBc), kanamycin_resistant selection, somatic embryos were induced and regenerated plants were obtained. Then the regenerated plantlets were grafted to untransformed stocks in greenhouse to produce descendants. The integration of cry 1Ac3 gene and its expression in T 2 generation of transgenic cotton plants were confirmed by Southern hybridization and Western blotting. The analyses of insect bioassay indicated that the transgenic plants of both constructions have significant resistance to the larvae of cotton bollworm ( Heliothis armigera ) and that cry 1Ac3 gene driven by chimeric OM promoter could endue T 2 generation cotton with high pest_resistant ability, implicating that it has a profound application in genetic engineering to breed new pest_resistant cotton varieties.
文摘Chickpea is an important food legume crop of Turkey and is largely grown for human consumption on low moisture or salt-affected soils. The objective of the study was to find the effects of NaCl stress at electrical conductivities of 4.5, 8.6, 12.7 and 16.3 dS/m and seed sizes （7, 8 and 9 mm） on germination and early seedling growth of three popular chickpea cultivars （AKN-97, Gokce and Uzunlu-99）. Mean frequency of germination, germination time, germination index, root length, shoot length and seedling fresh weight showed seed size-dependent responses ofcultivars to salt stress. In general, small seeds germinated and grew more rapidly compared to medium and large seeds of the same cultivars against all levels of salt stress, with the best results in cultivar Uzunlu-99. No effect of NaCl treatments was observed on frequency of germination; however, a drastic decrease in early seedling growth was recorded at increased NaC1 concentrations. Regression analysis results showed a significantly positive relationship （P〈0.01） between seed size and mean germination time, whereas a significantly negative relationship was recorded between seed size and germination index, root length, shoot length. Moreover, linear regression values apparently confirmed that increased seed size in each cultivar affected decreased germination index, root and shoot lengths with enhanced mean germination time. Thus, it was concluded that the use of small seeds could considerably reduce the production costs of chickpea in salt-affected soils.
文摘An experiment was conducted and through distant hybridization a new promising forms of citruses were obtained. Namely, after hybridization of lemon Georgian and broad-leaved mandarin unshiu （mother components） with early-ripening trifoliata and a hybrid of citrus ichangensis--＂Caucasus＂ （father components） a wide range of nucellar seedlings were obtained. It should be noted that nucellar seedlings of hybrid nature are practically closer to distant hybrids of sexual origin that are sharply inclined to the side of the mother component and produce good quality fruit. Unfortunately, such hybrids are either very rare or cannot be obtained at all. While, in the case of the study, through using new combinations in hybridization, the possibility of getting nucellar seedlings of the hybrid nature is much bigger. Distant hybridization turned out to be particularly interesting because of the polyembryony of citrus plants. Due to this, it gives opportunity to get new promising forms not only from the egg cell but from nucellar cells as well.
文摘This paper describes how a research was carried out about Chloris gayana Kunth. The objective of the work was to agronomical characterize the best sowing date, establishment efficiency, first year management, persistence strategies, biomass production and seeds. The parameter evaluated was： morphological, quality and production of seeds of three commercial cultivars （Santana, Finecut and Recleimer）. Trial duration is December 2012 to December 2016 （33o S, 61o W） Argentina. Design three random blocks with three repetitions, plot 5 × 5 meter. The results were analyzed by ANOVA （Analysis of Variance）, and there was used Tukey Test （p 〈 0.05） for comparison of averages, to determine significant differences between the different ones that will be sown. It was determined that the ends of spring dates ensure better establishment. Although the data of morphology of the first year （length of pod, length of blade and number of leaves/plant） presented differences between the cv, they did not mark a tendency that ensures the best development of one. Recleimer with 598 and 1,026 accumulated degree days present the highest values in both measurements. The accumulation of biomass over the years shows that commercial cv show a very similar performance （12,000 kg DM （Dry Matter） per hectare per year）. The annual accumulation of DM would not vary significantly as monthly cuts are applied during the growing season or total accumulation without cuts would be allowed. In relation to quality parameters （gross protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber）, Recleimer has the lowest values. Santana and Finecut were best in quality. Production of the seed was highest in May for all cvs. However, viability was limited in all date but Finecut and Recleimer showed best performance. As expected, in the megathermal species, seed production being one of the critical points.
文摘The results of researches aimed to establish the optimum growing space and density of standing of plants at cultivation of cauliflower seeds in Uzbekistan are stated in the article. Researches were spent in the suburb of Tashkent with a mid-early grade ＂Domestic＂. In experiences were compared 5 densities of standing （31746, 35714, 40806, 47620 and 57142 pieces/hectare） received at planting of sprouts with row-spacing of 70 sm and distance between plants in a row 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 sm. Experiences were pawned in quadruple frequency with the area of an allotment 10 M2. 60-65 day sprouts were planted under film tunnel shelters on February 11-12. Film shelters were kept over plants till the end of March. Seed plants were grown up without formation. Experiences were accompanied by phonological control, calculation of leaves quantity, an establishment of average weight of a head, definition of quantity of the plants, which have given seeds, the account of a crop of seeds from a bush and of a unit of area. It has been defined that reception of seeds of a cauliflower at cultivation under film tunnels is quite possible in Uzbekistan. It is established that with representation of the big growing space the plants form more leaves, earlier and larger form the heads, develop the testicles acceleration and increase their seed efficiency. It has been revealed that the more plants thickness is, the bigger share of them does not give seeds. In this connection the greatest crop of seeds has been received at growing space 70x45 sm at which 31.7 thousand Pl/ha had been planted. It is proved that in the conditions of Uzbekistan it is possible to cultivate high-grade seeds of cauliflower with productivity of 127-147 kg/ha.
文摘Xiangxiang 2A has an evident drawback, i.e., instability in male sterility under higher temperature conditions resulting from the existence of minor restoring genes in it, which greatly hampered the extension of its elite hybrid Xiangyou 63 with both high yield and fine quality in commercial production. To improve Xiangxiang 2A, the hybridization of Xiangxiang 2B with V20 B was made again in 1990. A new aromatic CMS line Xinxiang A was successfully developed in 1994. It not only retains the favorable characteristics of Xiangxiang 2A in grain quality and combining ability, but also expresses complete and stable male sterility and high seed production yield potential. Up to now, by using it as female parent, a series of quasi aromatic hybrids have been developed. Some of them have been released to farmers. Because such hybrids can not only yield higher or as high as but also possess a better grain quality than the current common high yielding hybrid rice varieties,so that they are preferred and well welcome by the farmers in China. The planting area under these hybrids is increasing rapidly in China.
