电镜技术检验犬四联弱毒苗种子毒及成品的外源病毒

我们用电子显微镜（电镜）技术，检验犬四联弱毒疫苗种子毒及其成品疫苗中的外源毒。经对每批种子毒细胞培养物及间隔一定批次成品疫苗抽样检查，其中在一批种子毒细胞培养物中发现了呼肠病毒污染，得到及时有效的处理。同时证明应用电镜技术检验外源病毒确是一种快速而有效的方法。

大花美人蕉种子脱毒组培快繁技术研究

以脱毒的大花美人蕉种子为外植体,采用不同的消毒时间及不同的培养基、切割方法等研究美人蕉的组织培养,结果表明:美人蕉种子消毒时间在5月较12月萌发率要高30%～40%;BA浓度适度的提高,有利于侧芽的分化;糖浓度对芽的分化生长有重要影响。通过不同的试验观察,发现其中使用的3个配方:MS+2 mg/L BA+8 mg/L KT+0.2 mg/L NAA,MS+8 mg/L BA+2 mg/L KT+0.2 mg/L NAA,MS+8 mg/L BA+0.1 mg/L IAA+6%糖,能较好地诱导分化丛生芽,植株生长比较稳定。

48%噻虫嗪·毒氟磷种子处理可分散剂防除稻飞虱田间药效试验

为验证48%噻虫嗪·毒氟磷种子处理可分散剂应用于水稻拌种对稻飞虱前期的防控效果,在洞庭湖稻区进行了田间试验,结果表明,水稻种子催芽露白后,48%噻虫嗪·毒氟磷种子处理可分散剂有效成份499.2g以上/100kg进行湿拌种处理,对稻飞虱防效到达85%左右,并控制时间在40天以上,对水稻生长无明显的不良影响。

滨州市滨城区农药种子包装废弃物回收处置现状及建议

为提高种植业生产水平,保证粮食产量,人们大量投入使用农药及高毒农药包衣作物种子。农药及高毒农药包衣作物种子包装废弃物随意丢弃易造成土壤环境污染和农作物药害,已成为影响人类生活环境、制约农产品质量安全、农业可持续发展的重要因素。本文介绍了农药及高毒农药包衣作物种子包装废弃物回收处置现状,分析了其中存在的问题,提出了农药及高毒农药包衣作物种子包装废弃物回收处理建议,以期解决其包装废弃物污染问题,改善人类生活环境。

A New Technique for Whole Clearing

[Objective] The research aimed to study a new whole clearing and preparation technology.[Method] After young seeds of Stephania sp.preserved in the alcohol solution,as well as the fresh pistil and nucellus of Sorghum bicolor were separated,they were soaked and cleared in the solution of 84 disinfectant.And the plant materials could be mounted by using three methods.[Result] The globular embryos and heart-shaped embryos at different stages of Stephania sp.as well as the pistil,nucellus,embryo sac,hypostase o...

Effect of Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by supercritical CO_2 extraction on Chinese fir

Allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root was extracted by technology ofsupercritical CO_2 extraction under orthogonal experiment design, and it was used to analyzeallelopathic activity of Chinese-fir through bioassay of seed germination. The results showed thatas to the available rate of allelochemicals, the pressure and temperature of extraction were themost important factors. The allelochemicals of Chinese-fir root extracted by pure CO_2 and ethanolmixed with CO_2 have different allelopathic activities to seed germination, and the allelochemicalsextracted by ethanol mixed with CO_2 had stronger inhibitory effects on seed germination than thatextracted by pure CO_2.

麻疹减毒活疫苗沪_(191)株主种子批毒种安全性和免疫原性观察

目的评价新制备的麻疹减毒活疫苗(Measles Attenuated Live Vaccine,MV)沪191株主种子批毒种原疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。方法根据入选和排除标准,选择8～10月龄无麻疹病史、MV接种史和疫苗接种禁忌证的健康儿童,接种用沪191株主种子批毒种制备的MV0.5ml,于接种后30min、6h、24h、48h、72h、7d、14d、21d、28d观察局部和全身反应;并采集免疫前和免疫后28d血清,采用红血球凝集抑制(Hemagglutination Inhibition,HI)试验检测麻疹病毒抗体阳转率和几何平均滴度(Geometric Mean Titer,GMT)。结果受种者未见严重不良反应,免疫后28d血清中麻疹病毒HI抗体阳转率为100%,麻疹病毒抗体GMT为1:50.66。结论新制备的MV沪191株主种子批毒种疫苗,在适龄儿童中具有良好的安全性和免疫原性。

Purification and characterization of Moschatin, a novel type Ⅰ ribosomeinactivating protein from the mature seeds of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), and preparation of its immunotoxin against human melanoma cells

A novel ribosome-inactivating protein designated Moschatin from the mature seeds of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) has been successively purified to homogeneity, using ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM-cellulose 52 column chromatography, Blue Sepharose CL-6B Affinity column chromatography and FPLC size-exclusion column chromatography. Moschatin is a type 1 RIP with a pI of 9.4 and molecular weight of~29 kD. It is a rRNA N-glycosidase and potently blocked the protein synthesis in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate with a IC_(50) of 0.26 nM. Using the anti-human melanoma McAb Ng76, a novel immunotoxin Moschatin-Ng76 was prepared successfully and it efficiently inhibited the growth of targeted melanoma cells M_(21) with a IC_(50) of 0.04 nM, 1500 times lower than that of free Moschatin. The results implied that Moschatin could be used as a new potential anticancer agent.

喜马拉雅紫茉莉再生体系的建立

喜马拉雅紫茉莉是传统藏药材,具有补益脾肾、温阳利水的功效,广泛用于治疗肾炎水肿和淋病等,其再生体系的建立对于喜马拉雅紫茉莉的野生资源保护和遗传育种具有重要意义。本研究首先以75%乙醇和5%次氯酸钠对种子进行脱毒处理,然后置于MS固体培养基上萌发;10 d后取无菌苗的子叶作为外植体,以6-BA和NAA为诱导激素,采用正交试验对喜马拉雅紫茉莉再生体系进行探索。研究结果表明:不定芽诱导激素为2 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA;生根诱导激素为0.5 mg/L NAA。本研究建立的喜马拉雅紫茉莉种子脱毒及植株再生体系为后续开展喜马拉雅紫茉莉的野生资源保护和遗传育种奠定了一定基础。

Effect of Electrolyte on the Dissolution of Aluminum from Acid Soils and the Distribution of Aluminum Forms inSoil Solution

KCl, CaCl2, NH4Cl, NaCl, K2SO4 and KF solutions were used for studying the effects of canons and anions on the dissolution of aluminum and the distribution of aluminum forms respectively. Power of exchanging and releasing aluminum of four kinds of canons was in the decreasing order Ca2+ >K+ >NH+4 >Na+.The dissolution of aluminum increased with the canon concentration. The adsorption affinity of various soils for aluminum was different. The aluminum in the soil with a stronger adsorption affinity was difficult to be exchanged and released by canons. The Al-F complexes were main species of inorganic aluminum at a low concentration of canons, while Al3+ became major species of inorganic aluminum at a high concentration of canons. The results on the effect of anions indicated that the concentrations of total aluminum, three kinds of inorganic aluminum (Al3+, Al-F and Al-OH complexes) and organic aluminum complexes (Al-OM)when SO2-4 was added into soil suspension were lower than those when Cl- was added. The dissolution of aluminum from soils and the distribution of aluminum forms in solution were edicted by the adsorption of Fon the soil. For soils with strong affinty for F- , the concentrations of the three inorganic aluminum species in soil solution after addition of F- were lower than those after addition of Cl-; but for soils with weak affinity for F- , the concentrations of Al3+ and Al-OM were lower and the concentrations of Al-F complexes and total inorganic aluminum after addition of F- were higher than those after addition of Cl-. The increase of F- concentration in soil solution accelerated the dissolution of aluminum from soils.

Toxicity to wheat seed germination and seedling growth of copper stress

Toxicity of the different concentration of Cu^2＋ to the wheat seeding and its distribution in the plant were studied by solution culture. The results showed that： The correlation between the content of Cu^2＋ in medium and the germination and growth of the seedlings is significant （P〈0.01）. The effect of Cu^2＋ to the germination, plant height, fresh weight, dried weight and the chlorophyll mount of the wheat seedling was stimulated under lower concentration of Cu^2＋ and was inhibited under higher concentration. With the increase of the Cu^2＋ concentration in the culture solution, the germination and growth of the seedlings was inhibited. The perfect positive correlation between the Cu^2＋ content in the plant and that in the culture solution was noted. Most of Cu^2＋ was concentrated in the root, and only a small amount was migrated to the aerial part of the wheat seedling. The sensitivity of each index to the Cu^2＋ concentration was ranked as follows： the Cu^2＋ content in the plant〉chlorophyll-a〉the ratio of chlorophyll-a to chlorophyll-b〉total chlorophyll〉plant height 〉germination〉fresh weight〉root elongation〉 chlorophyll-b 〉dried weight. The Cu^2＋ content in the wheat plant was the most sensitive index to the Cu^2＋ concentration in the culture solution.

Detection of Aflatoxin from Some Aspergillus sp. Isolated from Wheat Seeds

Ten seed borne fungi （Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Aureobasidium sp., Cladosporium sp., Dreschslera sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Stemphylium sp., Mueor sp. and Rhizopus sp.） were isolated and identified from two wheat varieties, the highest frequency of seed borne fungi was observed on wheat cultivar site Moll4 Alternaria sp.. Their mean and standard deviation was （5.5 ~ 1.69） while the lowest frequency fungal isolated was Dreschslera sp. and Rhizopus sp.. Their mean and standard deviation was （0.1 ~ 0.64）. The aflatoxin-producing isolates appeared as gray or black colonies in the UV photographs, whereas nonproducing isolates appeared as white colonies, the plate five colony four （P5CO4） showed the positive results which means the presence of aflatoxin as compaired to the control which showed the ngative results. Ammonium Hydroxide Vapor-Induced Color Change method used which the dish was inverted and 1 or 2 drops of concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution are placed on the inside of the lid. The undersides of aflatoxin-producing colonies quickly turn plum-red after the bottom of the Petri dish has been inverted over the lid containing the ammonium hydroxide aspositive result in （P5CO4） and （P7CO4） observed. Essentially no color change occurs on the undersides of colonies that are not producing aflatoxinsthis indicate to the negative results （control）. The main objective of this study is to isolation, identification and rapid detection of aflatoxin from wheat seed borne fungi.

Effect of Copper Oxide Nano Particle on Seed Germination of Selected Crops

Nano particles are finding their way into the environment through deliberate and accidental actions, ecotoxicological properties and the risks of these nano particles have yet not been fully characterized. In this present investigation, experiments were carried out to know the effect of Cu oxide-nano particles （〈 50 nm） on germination and growth of seeds of soybean and chickpea. In both the crops, germination was not checked up to 2,000 ppm Cu （applied through Cu oxide-nano particles）, but the root growth was prevented above 500 ppm Cu. With increasing concentration of NPs, the elongation of the roots was severely inhibited as compared to that in control. In many cases root necrosis was occurred. Massive adsorption of Cu oxide-nano particles into the root system was responsible for the toxicity. A parallel experiment was also carried out to know the effect of copper sulphate solution on seed germination, above 200 ppm Cu, it restricted the germination of seeds, because of high salinity.

Cytokines Expression Profile and Kinetics of Peste des petits ruminants Virus Antigen and Antibody in Infected and Vaccinated Goats

The present study deals with the co-ordination of cytokine （IL-4 and IFN-7） expression and kinetics of peste des petits ruminants （PPR） virus antigen and antibody in PPRV infected and vaccinated goats. The infected animals exhibited mixed cytokine （both TH1 and TH2） responses in the initial phase of the disease. The infected and dead goats had increased IFN-T response before their death; while IL-4 remained at the base level. The cytokine expression in recovered animals was almost similar to that of vaccinated ones, where a unique biphasic response of IL-4 expression was observed with an up-regulation of IFN-T on 7th days post vaccination （dpv）. Analysis of PPR virus antigen and antibody kinetics in different components of blood from infected and vaccinated animais revealed that the PPR virus antigen load was highest in plasma followed by serum and blood of the infected animals, whereas vaccinated animals showed only marginal positivity on 9th dpv. The antibody titer was high in serum followed by plasma and blood in both vaccinated and infected animals. Therefore, it is inferred that the presence of antigen and antibody were significant with the expression of cytokine, and that a decreased response of IL-4 was noticed during intermediate phase of the disease i.e., 7 to 12m days post infection （dpi）. This indicates the ability to mount a functional TH2 response after 14th dpi could be a critical determinant in deciding the survival of the PPR infected animal.

Transgenic Bt cotton driven by the green tissue-specific promoter shows strong toxicity to lepidopteran pests and lower Bt toxin accumulation in seeds

A promoter of the PNZIP （Pharbitis nil leucine zipper） gene （1.459 kb） was cloned from Pharbitis nil and fused to the GUS（^-glucuronidase） and Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin （Cry9C） genes. Several transgenic PNZIP：：GUS and PNZIP：：Cry9C cotton lines were developed by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Strong GUS staining was detected in the green tissues of the transgenic PNZIP：：GUS cotton plants. In contrast, GUS staining in the reproductive structures such as petals, anther, and immature seeds of PNZIP：：GUS cotton was very faint. Two transgenic PNZIP：：Cry9C lines and one trans- genic cauliflower mosaic virus （CaMV） 35S：：Cry9C line were selected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and insect bioassays. Expression of the Cry9C protein in the 35S：：Cry9C line maintained a high level in most tissues ranging from 24.6 to 45.5 ~tg g-I fresh weight. In green tissues such as the leaves, boll rinds, and bracts of the PNZIP：：Cry9C line, the Cry9C protein accumulated up to 50.2, 39.7, and 48.3 jag g-a fresh weight respectively. In contrast, seeds of the PNZIP：：Cry9C line （PZ1.3） accumulated only 0.26 ~ag g-~ fresh weight of the Cry9C protein, which was 100 times lower than that recorded for the seeds of the CaMV 35S：：Cry9C line. The insect bioassay showed that the transgenic PNZIP：：Cry9C cotton plant exhibited strong resistance to both the cotton bollworm and the pink bollworm. The PNZIP promoter could effectively drive Bt toxin ex- pression in green tissues of cotton and lower accumulated levels of the Bt protein in seeds. These features should allay public concerns about the safety of transgenic foods. We propose the future utility of PNZIP as an economical, environmentally friendly promoter in cotton biotechnology.