在苏珊·巴斯奈特的诗歌翻译"种子移植论"和许渊冲"三美论"的指导下,以中文现代诗《断章》的英译、中文古代韵律诗《暮江吟》的英译及艾米丽·迪金森的英文诗If Recollecting Were Forgetting的汉译为例,...在苏珊·巴斯奈特的诗歌翻译"种子移植论"和许渊冲"三美论"的指导下,以中文现代诗《断章》的英译、中文古代韵律诗《暮江吟》的英译及艾米丽·迪金森的英文诗If Recollecting Were Forgetting的汉译为例,探究基于"机器翻译+译后编译"模式的诗歌翻译。展开更多
Bassnett提出了诗歌翻译中"Transplanting the seed"这一概念,但她并未对"seed"下一个明确的定义。文章从Bassnett、Newmark、Barnstone、林语堂、翁显良、许渊冲、刘重德等中外译家的相关论述着手,分析诗歌翻译该...Bassnett提出了诗歌翻译中"Transplanting the seed"这一概念,但她并未对"seed"下一个明确的定义。文章从Bassnett、Newmark、Barnstone、林语堂、翁显良、许渊冲、刘重德等中外译家的相关论述着手,分析诗歌翻译该翻译什么、侧重点又是什么等问题。虽然"诗无达诂,译无定法",但中外译家的认识却颇具共同之处:译诗首先保留的是诗之内容,是"精神"、"神韵"或"意境",其次才是形式。完全的形似是不可能的,应保留原诗的节奏感和音乐美。展开更多
AIM：To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor （TKI）, in the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 both ...AIM：To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor （TKI）, in the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS： In vitro, human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 was exposed to varying concentrations of ertotinib, and its effects on proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and the expression of proand antiapoptotic factors such as bcl-2, bcl-xl, bax and bak, and the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGF） were measured with 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay, flow cytometric analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay （TUNEL）, and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Potential effect of erlotinib on angiogenesis was examined by tube formation assay. Tumor growth suppression was observed in xenografted nude mice with pancreatic cancer in vivo. Immunohistochemical （IHC） staining for EGFR and factor VII-related antigen was undertaken to detect the microvessel density and VEGF expression in tumor tissue in xenograft nude mice.RESULTS： Erlotinib, as a single agent, repressed BxPC-3 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, triggered G1 arrest and induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed capillary formation of endothelium in vitro. Expressions of VEGF were significantly down-regulated at a high concentration of 200 μmol/L, however, the expressions of bcl-2 and bcl-xl were decreased at 50 μmol/L. In vivo, Erlotinib-treated mice demonstrated a reduced tumor volume, weight and microvessel density as compared to the control. IHC staining showed decreased expression of EGFR and RT-PCR had lower VEGF expression in treated mice.CONCLUSION： The in vitro and in vivo findings provide evidence that BxPC-3 cells are inhibited with erlotinib treatment. Inhibition of EGFR may be a promising adjuvant chemotherapy strategy in pancreatic cancer treatment.展开更多
Objective:To observe the possibility of neoplasm needle track implantation after radioactive seeds implantation and seek preventive measures to avoid it.Methods:Superficial tissue of 250 seeding needle cores and 250 s...Objective:To observe the possibility of neoplasm needle track implantation after radioactive seeds implantation and seek preventive measures to avoid it.Methods:Superficial tissue of 250 seeding needle cores and 250 stylophores employed in neoplasm radioactive seeds implantation was smeared on slides to search for tumor cells.All patients received chemotherapy or endocrine therapy after operations.Ultrasound B-mode or computer tomography(CT)was performed at 10th day,30th day,60th day,and 180th day post operation to detect neoplasm implantation metastasis through needle tracks. Results:Positive cells were found on 13 of 250(5.20%)cores,and 7 of 250(2.80%)stylophores.The difference was not sta- tistically significant(P>0.05).The positive cells frequency of needles those traversed distance less than 3 cm in normal tissue was 6.19%(13/210),while the frequency of the others those traversed longer distance in normal tissue was 2.41%(7/290). The positive cells frequency of needles traversing different distances in normal tissues is significantly different(P<0.05).No neoplasm was detected through needle tracks by ultrasound B-mode or CT in 180 days after operation.Conclusion:Tumor cells could ablate into the needle track during radioactive seed implantation.Some preventive measures,such as optimization of pre-operation and intra-operation treatment plan,chemotherapy or endocrine therapy after operation,may be beneficial to avoid the implantation metastasis of neoplasm in seeding needle tracks.展开更多
AIM: To develop a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft model for studying hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in a mice, and antiviral treatment.METHODS: We developed a stable S3-green fluorescence protein (GFP) c...AIM: To develop a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft model for studying hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in a mice, and antiviral treatment.METHODS: We developed a stable S3-green fluorescence protein (GFP) cell line that replicated the GFP-tagged HCV sub-genomic RNA derived from a highly efficient JFH1 virus. S3-GFP replicon cell line was injected subcutaneously into γ-irradiated SCID mice. We showed that the S3-GFP replicon cell line formed human HCC xenografts in SCID mice. Cells were isolated from subcutaneous tumors and then serially passaged multiple times in SCID mice by culturing in growth medium supplemented with G-418. The mouse-adapted S3-GFP replicon cells were implanted subcutaneously and also into the liver of SCID mice via intrasplenic infusion to study the replication of HCV in the HCC xenografts. The tumor model was validated for antiviral testing after intraperitoneal injection of interferon-α (IFN-α). RESULTS: A highly tumorigenic S3-GFP replicon cell line was developed that formed subcutaneous tumors within 2 wk and diffuse liver metastasis within 4 wk in SCID mice. Replication of HCV in the subcutaneous and liver tumors was confirmed by cell colony assay, detection of the viral RNA by ribonuclease protection assay and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. High-level replication of HCV sub-genomic RNA in the tumor could be visualized by GFP expression using fluorescence microscopy. IFN-α cleared HCV RNA replication in the subcutaneous tumors within 2 wk and 4 wk in the liver tumor model. CONCLUSION: A non-infectious mouse model allows us to study replication of HCV in subcutaneous and metastatic liver tumors. Clearance of HCV by IFN-α supports use of this model to test other anti-HCV drugs.展开更多
文摘Bassnett提出了诗歌翻译中"Transplanting the seed"这一概念,但她并未对"seed"下一个明确的定义。文章从Bassnett、Newmark、Barnstone、林语堂、翁显良、许渊冲、刘重德等中外译家的相关论述着手,分析诗歌翻译该翻译什么、侧重点又是什么等问题。虽然"诗无达诂,译无定法",但中外译家的认识却颇具共同之处:译诗首先保留的是诗之内容,是"精神"、"神韵"或"意境",其次才是形式。完全的形似是不可能的,应保留原诗的节奏感和音乐美。
文摘AIM：To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor （TKI）, in the human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS： In vitro, human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 was exposed to varying concentrations of ertotinib, and its effects on proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and the expression of proand antiapoptotic factors such as bcl-2, bcl-xl, bax and bak, and the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor （VEGF） were measured with 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay, flow cytometric analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay （TUNEL）, and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Potential effect of erlotinib on angiogenesis was examined by tube formation assay. Tumor growth suppression was observed in xenografted nude mice with pancreatic cancer in vivo. Immunohistochemical （IHC） staining for EGFR and factor VII-related antigen was undertaken to detect the microvessel density and VEGF expression in tumor tissue in xenograft nude mice.RESULTS： Erlotinib, as a single agent, repressed BxPC-3 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, triggered G1 arrest and induced cell apoptosis, and suppressed capillary formation of endothelium in vitro. Expressions of VEGF were significantly down-regulated at a high concentration of 200 μmol/L, however, the expressions of bcl-2 and bcl-xl were decreased at 50 μmol/L. In vivo, Erlotinib-treated mice demonstrated a reduced tumor volume, weight and microvessel density as compared to the control. IHC staining showed decreased expression of EGFR and RT-PCR had lower VEGF expression in treated mice.CONCLUSION： The in vitro and in vivo findings provide evidence that BxPC-3 cells are inhibited with erlotinib treatment. Inhibition of EGFR may be a promising adjuvant chemotherapy strategy in pancreatic cancer treatment.
文摘Objective:To observe the possibility of neoplasm needle track implantation after radioactive seeds implantation and seek preventive measures to avoid it.Methods:Superficial tissue of 250 seeding needle cores and 250 stylophores employed in neoplasm radioactive seeds implantation was smeared on slides to search for tumor cells.All patients received chemotherapy or endocrine therapy after operations.Ultrasound B-mode or computer tomography(CT)was performed at 10th day,30th day,60th day,and 180th day post operation to detect neoplasm implantation metastasis through needle tracks. Results:Positive cells were found on 13 of 250(5.20%)cores,and 7 of 250(2.80%)stylophores.The difference was not sta- tistically significant(P>0.05).The positive cells frequency of needles those traversed distance less than 3 cm in normal tissue was 6.19%(13/210),while the frequency of the others those traversed longer distance in normal tissue was 2.41%(7/290). The positive cells frequency of needles traversing different distances in normal tissues is significantly different(P<0.05).No neoplasm was detected through needle tracks by ultrasound B-mode or CT in 180 days after operation.Conclusion:Tumor cells could ablate into the needle track during radioactive seed implantation.Some preventive measures,such as optimization of pre-operation and intra-operation treatment plan,chemotherapy or endocrine therapy after operation,may be beneficial to avoid the implantation metastasis of neoplasm in seeding needle tracks.
基金Supported by Funds received from the National Cancer Institute (CA127481,CA129776)Geyer Foundation,New York,Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium and Tulane Cancer Center
文摘AIM: To develop a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft model for studying hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in a mice, and antiviral treatment.METHODS: We developed a stable S3-green fluorescence protein (GFP) cell line that replicated the GFP-tagged HCV sub-genomic RNA derived from a highly efficient JFH1 virus. S3-GFP replicon cell line was injected subcutaneously into γ-irradiated SCID mice. We showed that the S3-GFP replicon cell line formed human HCC xenografts in SCID mice. Cells were isolated from subcutaneous tumors and then serially passaged multiple times in SCID mice by culturing in growth medium supplemented with G-418. The mouse-adapted S3-GFP replicon cells were implanted subcutaneously and also into the liver of SCID mice via intrasplenic infusion to study the replication of HCV in the HCC xenografts. The tumor model was validated for antiviral testing after intraperitoneal injection of interferon-α (IFN-α). RESULTS: A highly tumorigenic S3-GFP replicon cell line was developed that formed subcutaneous tumors within 2 wk and diffuse liver metastasis within 4 wk in SCID mice. Replication of HCV in the subcutaneous and liver tumors was confirmed by cell colony assay, detection of the viral RNA by ribonuclease protection assay and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. High-level replication of HCV sub-genomic RNA in the tumor could be visualized by GFP expression using fluorescence microscopy. IFN-α cleared HCV RNA replication in the subcutaneous tumors within 2 wk and 4 wk in the liver tumor model. CONCLUSION: A non-infectious mouse model allows us to study replication of HCV in subcutaneous and metastatic liver tumors. Clearance of HCV by IFN-α supports use of this model to test other anti-HCV drugs.
