The principle objective of this paper is to research into Philip Roth＇s uncovering and opposition to American racial discrimination, foreign wars and free love. By reading Philip Roth＇s novels concerning these aspec...The principle objective of this paper is to research into Philip Roth＇s uncovering and opposition to American racial discrimination, foreign wars and free love. By reading Philip Roth＇s novels concerning these aspects and referring to studies done by other scholars in these fields, after a careful and logical analysis, the writer of this paper draws a reasonable conclusion about Philip Roth＇s attitudes toward these matters. In many of his works, Philip Roth exposes and condemns racial discrimination in American society, displays and criticizes the culture of free love, unfolds American people＇s calamities caused by foreign wars and expresses his protest against foreign wars.展开更多
Ethnic stereotypes of Kazakh people were not specially studied. At war times, ethnic stereotypes arouse ethnic defense. Kazakh people＇s mind of ethnic unicity and ethnic defence influenced a lot defending such a grea...Ethnic stereotypes of Kazakh people were not specially studied. At war times, ethnic stereotypes arouse ethnic defense. Kazakh people＇s mind of ethnic unicity and ethnic defence influenced a lot defending such a great land, in spite of the fact that Kazakhs＇ zhuz and tribal structure was kept well and people were differentiated by kins. This mind of ethnic unicity and defence became a guarantee of saving Kazakhs as ethnic subject in the complicated political, economical, social, and cultural processes with neighbouring nations like Kalmyk, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Turukpen, Chinese, and Russian. That is why in this paper, the authors＇ aim is to show stereotypes about the Kalmyk tribes using Kazakh proverbs, heroic eposes, and legends. Writing this paper, the authors set the following objectives： to consider hetero stereotypes and auto stereotypes in Kazakh proverbs; to distinguish a legend as an image of Kazakh people＇s historical memory; to prove the peculiarities of the Kalmyks character description in Kazakh mythological folklore mind with the help of examples; to show the development of Kazakh ethnic stereotypes in two opposite directions （enmity, alien opinion, and tolerance）; to prove that the stereotypes of tolerance prevail over the stereotypes of＂enmity＂ in Kazakh legends; and to show their historical reasons.展开更多
文摘The principle objective of this paper is to research into Philip Roth＇s uncovering and opposition to American racial discrimination, foreign wars and free love. By reading Philip Roth＇s novels concerning these aspects and referring to studies done by other scholars in these fields, after a careful and logical analysis, the writer of this paper draws a reasonable conclusion about Philip Roth＇s attitudes toward these matters. In many of his works, Philip Roth exposes and condemns racial discrimination in American society, displays and criticizes the culture of free love, unfolds American people＇s calamities caused by foreign wars and expresses his protest against foreign wars.
文摘Ethnic stereotypes of Kazakh people were not specially studied. At war times, ethnic stereotypes arouse ethnic defense. Kazakh people＇s mind of ethnic unicity and ethnic defence influenced a lot defending such a great land, in spite of the fact that Kazakhs＇ zhuz and tribal structure was kept well and people were differentiated by kins. This mind of ethnic unicity and defence became a guarantee of saving Kazakhs as ethnic subject in the complicated political, economical, social, and cultural processes with neighbouring nations like Kalmyk, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Turukpen, Chinese, and Russian. That is why in this paper, the authors＇ aim is to show stereotypes about the Kalmyk tribes using Kazakh proverbs, heroic eposes, and legends. Writing this paper, the authors set the following objectives： to consider hetero stereotypes and auto stereotypes in Kazakh proverbs; to distinguish a legend as an image of Kazakh people＇s historical memory; to prove the peculiarities of the Kalmyks character description in Kazakh mythological folklore mind with the help of examples; to show the development of Kazakh ethnic stereotypes in two opposite directions （enmity, alien opinion, and tolerance）; to prove that the stereotypes of tolerance prevail over the stereotypes of＂enmity＂ in Kazakh legends; and to show their historical reasons.
