The phylogenetic relationships of four ciliate genera （Urostyla, Euplotes, Stylonychia and Pseudokeronopsis）, which also are the important environment inspection species, were analyzed by the comparison of small sub...The phylogenetic relationships of four ciliate genera （Urostyla, Euplotes, Stylonychia and Pseudokeronopsis）, which also are the important environment inspection species, were analyzed by the comparison of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Euplotes appeared as an early branching group whose divergence from the hypotrichous line at a deep level was strongly supported by parsimony and matrix analyses. The analyses also supported the hypothesis that there were closely relationship between species in Urostyla and Holosticha. The sibling species Stylonychia mytilus and S. lemnae could be separated by the evolutionary analyses. Furthermore, Pseudokeronopsis rubra had relatively more closely relationship with the species in Holostichidae than that in Urostylidae based on the evolutionary distance value.展开更多
Sweet basil （Ocimum basilicum L.） is a popular culinary herbal crop grown for the fresh or dry leaf, essential oil and seed markets. Recently, basil has been shown to rank highest among spices and herbal crops for x...Sweet basil （Ocimum basilicum L.） is a popular culinary herbal crop grown for the fresh or dry leaf, essential oil and seed markets. Recently, basil has been shown to rank highest among spices and herbal crops for xanthophyll carotenoids, which are associated with a decreased risk of cancer and age-related eye diseases. Nitrogen fertilizer encourages vegetative growth and increases oil yield in aromatic plants by enhancing leaf area development and photosynthetic rate. Our goal was to determine the influence of different concentrations of nitrogen （N） fertilization on basil physiology. The trial examined the cultivation of Ocimum basilicum L. （variety Genovese gigante）. The experiment was carried out under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The experiment considered the adoption of three nitrogen （N） treatments （0, 160, 240 kg N ha-1）. The following biometric parameters were determined： plant height, leaves per plant, leaf to stem ratio, number of branchings per plant, leaf area index （LAI）, above-ground fresh and leaf biomass. Considering the parameters most strictly linked to the economic results （total fresh weight, fresh weight of the leaves and total dry weight）, we found that 160 kg N ha^-1 treatment showed the best performance.展开更多
Based on the latest data, the features of spermatophytic flora of Henan Province located in Central China Plain (the heart region of China) are summarized and demonstrated in this paper. They are as follows: 1) Plant ...Based on the latest data, the features of spermatophytic flora of Henan Province located in Central China Plain (the heart region of China) are summarized and demonstrated in this paper. They are as follows: 1) Plant species are rich, with 2953 wild species in 896 genera of 152 families, putting Henan in front rank in the northern areas of China. 2) Its origin is from far ancientry, and there exist many primitive families and genera as well as many relic species. 3) The character of transition is very conspicuous with complex and varied geographical elements, but the temperate type being the dominant. There are 15 types and 18 variants of distribution types at the genera level, the typical Temperate, Tropic and East Asia elements respectively make up 47.9%, 29.5% and 14.5%. 4) It is rich in species endemic to China, with 1514 species, ranking first in the northern areas in China. 5) The floristic spatial differentia is obvious. The southeastern Henan belongs to East China plant region, the southwestern to Central China, the northern and the central to North China.展开更多
The influence of sea ice on the species composition and cell density of phytoplankton was investigated in the eastern Bering Sea in spring 2008. Diatoms, particularly pennate diatoms, dominated the phytoplankton commu...The influence of sea ice on the species composition and cell density of phytoplankton was investigated in the eastern Bering Sea in spring 2008. Diatoms, particularly pennate diatoms, dominated the phytoplankton community. The dominant species were Grammonema islandica （Grunow in Van Heurck） Hasle, Fragilariopsis cylindrus （Grunow） Krieger, F. oceanica （Cleve） Hasle, Navicula vanhoeffenii Gran, Thalassiosira antarctica Comber, T. gravida Cleve, T. nordenskioeldii Cleve, and T. rotula Meunier. Phytoplankton cell densities varied from 0.08× 10^4 to 428.8× 10^4 cells/L, with an average of 30.3× 10^4 cells/L. Using cluster analysis, phytoplankton were grouped into three assemblages defined by ice-forming conditions： open wate.r, ice edge, and sea ice assemblages. In spring, when the sea ice melts, the phytoplankton dispersed from the sea ice to the ice edge and even into open waters. Thus, these phytoplankton in the sea ice may serve as a “seed bank” for phytoplankton population succession in the subarctic ecosystem. Moreover, historical studies combined with these results suggest that the sizes of diatom species have become smaller, shifting from microplankton to nannoplankton-dominated communities.展开更多
The authors investigated the plant species used for charcoal production and their sources and the willingness of the producers to plant charcoal-making species. Furthermore, the authors indirectly determined the invol...The authors investigated the plant species used for charcoal production and their sources and the willingness of the producers to plant charcoal-making species. Furthermore, the authors indirectly determined the involvement of farmers in charcoal production in Atwima Mponua District of Ghana. A total of 120 producers were interviewed and simple ranking was used for the analysis. Twenty-three plant species were used with the first, second, third and fourth which were Celtis mildbraediL Cylicodiscus gabunensis, Margaritoria discoides and Amphimas pterocarpoides respectively. However, the Amphimas pterocarpoides was not among the traditional charcoal-producing species. The wood used came from seven different sources. None of the charcoal producers had a plantation of charcoal-producing species. Only 13 % of the producers were willing to plant, 87% of them who were not willing to plant indicated that they would leave charcoal production if the resource got finished. The 120 charcoal producers were made up roughly of 56% males, and 44% females and in which 69.2% of them were farmers.展开更多
基金The research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30470201)
文摘The phylogenetic relationships of four ciliate genera （Urostyla, Euplotes, Stylonychia and Pseudokeronopsis）, which also are the important environment inspection species, were analyzed by the comparison of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Euplotes appeared as an early branching group whose divergence from the hypotrichous line at a deep level was strongly supported by parsimony and matrix analyses. The analyses also supported the hypothesis that there were closely relationship between species in Urostyla and Holosticha. The sibling species Stylonychia mytilus and S. lemnae could be separated by the evolutionary analyses. Furthermore, Pseudokeronopsis rubra had relatively more closely relationship with the species in Holostichidae than that in Urostylidae based on the evolutionary distance value.
文摘Sweet basil （Ocimum basilicum L.） is a popular culinary herbal crop grown for the fresh or dry leaf, essential oil and seed markets. Recently, basil has been shown to rank highest among spices and herbal crops for xanthophyll carotenoids, which are associated with a decreased risk of cancer and age-related eye diseases. Nitrogen fertilizer encourages vegetative growth and increases oil yield in aromatic plants by enhancing leaf area development and photosynthetic rate. Our goal was to determine the influence of different concentrations of nitrogen （N） fertilization on basil physiology. The trial examined the cultivation of Ocimum basilicum L. （variety Genovese gigante）. The experiment was carried out under Mediterranean climatic conditions. The experiment considered the adoption of three nitrogen （N） treatments （0, 160, 240 kg N ha-1）. The following biometric parameters were determined： plant height, leaves per plant, leaf to stem ratio, number of branchings per plant, leaf area index （LAI）, above-ground fresh and leaf biomass. Considering the parameters most strictly linked to the economic results （total fresh weight, fresh weight of the leaves and total dry weight）, we found that 160 kg N ha^-1 treatment showed the best performance.
文摘Based on the latest data, the features of spermatophytic flora of Henan Province located in Central China Plain (the heart region of China) are summarized and demonstrated in this paper. They are as follows: 1) Plant species are rich, with 2953 wild species in 896 genera of 152 families, putting Henan in front rank in the northern areas of China. 2) Its origin is from far ancientry, and there exist many primitive families and genera as well as many relic species. 3) The character of transition is very conspicuous with complex and varied geographical elements, but the temperate type being the dominant. There are 15 types and 18 variants of distribution types at the genera level, the typical Temperate, Tropic and East Asia elements respectively make up 47.9%, 29.5% and 14.5%. 4) It is rich in species endemic to China, with 1514 species, ranking first in the northern areas in China. 5) The floristic spatial differentia is obvious. The southeastern Henan belongs to East China plant region, the southwestern to Central China, the northern and the central to North China.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41276128,41476116)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2010CB428704)
文摘The influence of sea ice on the species composition and cell density of phytoplankton was investigated in the eastern Bering Sea in spring 2008. Diatoms, particularly pennate diatoms, dominated the phytoplankton community. The dominant species were Grammonema islandica （Grunow in Van Heurck） Hasle, Fragilariopsis cylindrus （Grunow） Krieger, F. oceanica （Cleve） Hasle, Navicula vanhoeffenii Gran, Thalassiosira antarctica Comber, T. gravida Cleve, T. nordenskioeldii Cleve, and T. rotula Meunier. Phytoplankton cell densities varied from 0.08× 10^4 to 428.8× 10^4 cells/L, with an average of 30.3× 10^4 cells/L. Using cluster analysis, phytoplankton were grouped into three assemblages defined by ice-forming conditions： open wate.r, ice edge, and sea ice assemblages. In spring, when the sea ice melts, the phytoplankton dispersed from the sea ice to the ice edge and even into open waters. Thus, these phytoplankton in the sea ice may serve as a “seed bank” for phytoplankton population succession in the subarctic ecosystem. Moreover, historical studies combined with these results suggest that the sizes of diatom species have become smaller, shifting from microplankton to nannoplankton-dominated communities.
文摘The authors investigated the plant species used for charcoal production and their sources and the willingness of the producers to plant charcoal-making species. Furthermore, the authors indirectly determined the involvement of farmers in charcoal production in Atwima Mponua District of Ghana. A total of 120 producers were interviewed and simple ranking was used for the analysis. Twenty-three plant species were used with the first, second, third and fourth which were Celtis mildbraediL Cylicodiscus gabunensis, Margaritoria discoides and Amphimas pterocarpoides respectively. However, the Amphimas pterocarpoides was not among the traditional charcoal-producing species. The wood used came from seven different sources. None of the charcoal producers had a plantation of charcoal-producing species. Only 13 % of the producers were willing to plant, 87% of them who were not willing to plant indicated that they would leave charcoal production if the resource got finished. The 120 charcoal producers were made up roughly of 56% males, and 44% females and in which 69.2% of them were farmers.
