基督教文化中的种相播殖理论——罗吉尔·培根自然哲学基本原则述要

罗吉尔·培根是西方古代科学文化在中世纪晚期的重要代表,生活在古代科学文化向近代科学文化演化的关键节点上。因此,对其自然哲学基本原则的把握,不仅有助于了解古代科学探究的核心问题和基本方法,更有助于理解西方科学文化近代形态得以完型所需要的前提条件。

欧洲13世纪“介质中感觉种相”问题溯源

'介质中感觉种相(species sensibiles in medio)'问题是中世纪晚期经院哲学关于灵魂感觉活动的自然哲学探究的重要组成部分。其核心在于澄清可感事物如何作用于感觉器官,以及感觉种相在介质和器官中的存在样态。这两个问题严格继承了亚里士多德在《论灵魂》中开启的讨论灵魂感觉活动的方向。从20世纪70年代开始,索拉布吉和伯恩耶特围绕亚氏感觉理论所展开的争论,高水准地展示了该问题所包含的复杂性。因此,从亚氏感觉理论的当代哲学讨论出发,历史地追溯'介质中感觉种相'问题的古代、中世纪早期根源是准确理解十三世纪中期思想家关于该问题展开争论的思想史基础。

一类种内相食捕食系统非常数正解的存在性

运用谱分析、拓扑度理论和分歧理论的方法,在齐次Neumann边界条件下,研究了一类具有种内相食现象的捕食模型非常数正解的存在性。讨论了正常数解的稳定性,给出了正解的先验估计,讨论了非常数正解的存在性,以扩散系数d2为分歧参数,讨论了发自正常数解的分歧。

相异物种同源基因cDNA的快速克隆

介绍了一种结合生物信息学数据库的比较分析 ,在系统发生相近物种的核酸保守区设计PCR引物 ,通过RT PCR和RACE方法 。

《全相平话五种》中的人称代词

本文对《全相平话五种》中的人称代词作了全面的调查和研究,发现《平话》中的人称代词是一个具有不同时间层次的 词汇系统,其中单复数的表述还不严格,第二人称代词“您”也还不表示敬称。

《元刊全相平话五种》中的处置式

《元刊全相平话五种》中的处置式有“以”字句、“将”字句和“把”字句三种,本文采用定量和定性的分析方法,对这三种句式做了全面静态的考察和描写,发现《元刊全相平话五种》中的处置式的结构形式复杂,这主要体现为:一,谓语部分比较复杂;二,动词后带宾语的用例很多;三,助动词和否定副词都位于介词“将”“把”之后、谓语动词之前;四,介词宾语和动词宾语(均为代词“之”)所指完全相同的用例在“将”字式和“把”字式中都有出现。

岩相骨架的地质统计模拟

储集层非均质性是碎屑岩储集层描述中的重要问题。与流体性质分布的不确定性相比，岩相骨架的不确定性对流体预测影响更大。近十年来，地质统计方法大量地应用于岩相骨架的模拟中，其模拟方法主要有离散及连续两类。用数学语言对４个主要的离散模拟方法（序贯指示模拟、截断高斯模拟、模拟退火及示性点过程模拟）进行概述，展示其工作过程，讨论各自的优缺点，特别强调如何合并次生数据以及在现场应用的可能性。此外，还提出了该领域未来的研究方向。

微课和双语相结合的药理学教学模式探讨

在全球化和信息化时代,培养人才需具国际视野的要求。近几年,高校普遍开设双语课程,取得一些成绩,可效果并不理想,原因是多方面的,如部分学生外语基础不够扎实、双语教师上课缺乏激情、传统课堂的枯燥无味等,而微课的出现,就如一缕春风,给困境中的双语教学带来了生机,为双语教学的课堂注入活力。微课是以教学视频的方式呈现教学知识点,虽然短小,但内容深刻、有趣。本文旨在探讨微课与本校正在开展的药理学双语教学这两种教学模式相结合的可能性,期盼双语教学水平进一步提高。

武汉物数所在离子晶体结构相变研究中取得新进展

近日,中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所研究员冯芒带领的束缚体系量子信息研究组在实验探索囚禁离子多体体系的结构相变方面取得进展,其结果发表在《科学报告》（Scientific Reports）上。相变是有序和无序两种倾向相互竞争的结果,多体体系中的相变一直是现代物理学关注的问题。通常与固、液、气三态对应,物质表现为固相、液相、气相,这三种相的变化与温度密切相关。在某个温度点,物质从一种相转变为另一种相的过程称为相变。

Effect of Apis mellifera on community composition of local pollinator bees and their pollination network in Qinling Mountains and surrounding areas

The Qinling Mountains, known for their rich vegetation and diverse pollinating insects, have seen a significant decline in bee species richness and abundance over recent decades, largely due to the introduction and spread of Apis mellifera. This decline has caused cascading effects on the region's community structure and ecosystem stability. To improve the protection of native bees in the natural and agricultural landscape of the Qinling Mountains and its surrounding areas, we investigated 33 sampling sites within three habitats: forest, forest-agriculture ecotones, and farmland. Using a generalized linear mixing model, t-test, and other data analysis methods, we explored the impact of Apis mellifera on local pollinator bee richness, abundance, and the pollination network in different habitats in these regional areas. The results show that(1)Apis mellifera significantly negatively affects the abundance and richness of wild pollinator bees,while Apis cerana abundance is also affected by beekeeping conditions.(2)There are significant negative effects of Apis mellifera on the community structure of pollinator bees in the Qinling Mountains and its surrounding areas: the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Margalef richness index of bee communities at sites with Apis mellifera influence were significantly lower than those at sites without Apis mellifera influence.(3)The underlying driver of this effect is the monopolization of flowering resources by Apis mellifera. This species tends to visit flowering plants with large nectar sources, which constitute a significant portion of the local plant community. By maintaining a dominant role in the bee-plant pollination network, Apis mellifera competitively displaces native pollinator bees, reducing their access to floral resources. This ultimately leads to a reduction in local bee-plant interactions, decreasing the complexity and stability of the pollination network. These findings highlight the need for targeted conservation efforts to protect native pollinator species and maintain the ecological balance in the Qinling Mountains.

Time-dependent effects in transient liquid phase bonding of 304L and Cp-Ti using an Ag-Cu interlayer

One of the challenges for bimetal manufacturing is the joining process.Hence,transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding was performed between 304L stainless steel and Cp-Ti using an Ag-Cu interlayer with a thickness of 75μm for bonding time of 20,40,60,and 90 min.The bonding temperature of 860℃ was considered,which is under the β transus temperature of Cp-Ti.During TLP bonding,various intermetallic compounds(IMCs),including Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17),(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti,Ti(Cu,Fe),Ti_(2)(Cu,Ag),and Ti_(2)Cu from 304L toward Cp-Ti formed in the joint.Also,on the one side,with the increase in time,further diffusion of elements decreases the blocky IMCs such as Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17),(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti,Ti(Cu,Fe)in the 304L diffusion-affected zone(DAZ)and reaction zone,and on the other side,Ti_(2)(Cu,Ag)IMC transformed into fine morphology toward Cp-Ti DAZ.The microhardness test also demonstrated that the(Cr,Fe)_(2)Ti+Ti_(5)Cr_(7)Fe_(17) IMCs in the DAZ on the side of 304L have a hardness value of HV 564,making it the hardest phase.The maximum and minimum shear strength values are equal to 78.84 and 29.0 MPa,respectively.The cleavage pattern dominated fracture surfaces due to the formation of brittle phases in dissimilar joints.

湖北一个自然村观测点1989～1997年人群肠道寄生虫感染率的变化

为了解经济文化卫生水平显著提高后农村肠道寄生虫感染情况，采用一粪三检法和儿童加做肛拭法，对1989年全国人体寄生虫分布调查点的一个自然村8年后（1997年）情况进行了纵向调查。1997年，该自成村人群感染率为49．51％，比1989年感染率82．14％下降32．63％；虫种相由7种下降为5种，多重以率由40．22％下降为17．65％；6岁～15岁中小学生感染率由91．17％下降到36．5％。指出人群感染率下降归功于近年来经济文化卫生水平的提高，以及中小学生每年服驱虫药等防治工作的开展。

Variation of microfibril angle and its correlation to wood properties in poplars

The microfibril angle of seven poplar clones was determined by using X-ray diffraction technique. Microfibril angle, wood basic density, fiber length, fiber width and cellulose content were assessed for every growth ring at breast height for all sample trees. Significant variation in microfibril angle was observed among growth rings. Mean microfibril angle (MFA) at breast height varied from 7.8?to 28?between growth rings with cambial age and showed a consistent pith-to-bark trend of decline an-gles. Analysis of variance also indicated that there were significant differences in wood basic density, fiber length, fiber width and cellulose content between the growth rings, which had an increasing tendency from pith to bark. Correlations between MFA and examined wood properties were predominantly large and significant negative (?0.01), and the coefficients were -0.660 for cellulose content, -0.586 for fiber length, -0.516 for fiber width and -0.450 for wood basic density, respectively. Regression analysis with linear and curve estimation indicated that a quadratic function showed the largest R2 and the least standard error for describing the relationships between microfibril angle and measured wood properties, and the correlation coefficients were over -0.45 (n=125). The results from this study suggested that microfibril angle would be a good characteristic for improvement in the future breeding program of poplars.

具有种内相食的捕食-食饵模型正解的惟一性

在齐次Dirichlet边界条件下研究一类种内相食的捕食-食饵模型正解的存在性和惟一性。首先利用极值原理、上下解方法给出正解的先验估计,然后利用Leray-Schauder度理论,通过计算锥映射不动点指标得到正解的存在性,最后利用特征值变分原理给出正解存在的惟一性。

Experimental verification of mathematical model for multiphase flow in air-agitated seed precipitation tank

In order to check the validity of the mathematical model for analyzing the flow field in the air-agitated seed precipitation tank,a scaled down experimental apparatus was designed and the colored tracer and KCl tracer were added in the apparatus to follow the real flow line.Virtue tracers were considered in the mathematical model and the algorithm of tracers was built.The comparison of the results between the experiment and numerical calculation shows that the time of the tracer flows out of stirring tube are 40 s in the experiment and 42 s in numerical calculated result.The transient diffusion process and the solution residence time of the numerical calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results,which indicates that the mathematical model is reliable and can be used to predict the flow field of the air-agitated seed precipitation tank.

一类扩散的种内相食系统正平衡态的全局渐近稳定性

讨论一类扩散的种内相食的捕食者-食饵模型,该模型带有齐次Neumann边界条件.通过迭代的方法证明:在适当的条件下,该模型唯一正常数平衡解全局渐近稳定.

RFLP Detection of Genetic Variation of Maize Inbred Lines

Genetic similarities of 13 inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The objectives of the study were to detect genetic similarities among 13 inbreds and to assign them to heterotic groups. By means of 24 probe_enzyme combinations (PECs) selected for locus specificity, clear patterns and reproducibility, 85 alleles were found with an average of 3.3 alleles per locus. The allelic frequency data were used to estimate genetic similarities among lines, and as a result the diversity index of 0.499 was obtained. Genetic similarities between the pairs of 13 lines ranged from 0.523 up to 0.802 with an average of 0.649. The UPGMA clustering algorithm analysis classified the 13 lines into five groups, which generally corresponded to known maize heterotic groups based on pedigree information. The authors concluded that RFLP_based markers could be used for investigating genetic relationships between maize inbred lines and assigning them to heterotic groups, but it seemed that a large number of PECs were needed to obtain reliable estimates of genetic similarity.

Genetic Effects and Heterosis in Plant Height and Internode Traits of Japonica-Indica Hybrid Rice

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the genetic effects and heterosis of plant height and internode traits of japonica-indica hybrid rice. [Methed] Incomplete diallel crosses were made between six japonica CMS lines and nine indica widecompatibility restorer lines; the genetic effects of plant height and internode traits of japonica-indica hybrid rice were analyzed using the additive-dominance genetic model. [Result] The ple, nt height, panicle length and the length of internode 1 of japonica-in- dica hybrid rice were mainly controlled by the additive effects; but the length of in- ternode 3, internode 4 and internode 5 were mainly controlled by dominance effects. Both the narrow sense heritability and broad sense heritability of plant height, panicle length, number of elongated internodes and length of most internodes reached signifi- cance level. The positive phenotypic correlation, genetic correlation, additive correla- tion and dominance correlation between plant height and panicle length, number of e- longated internodes and internode length were significant; and most of the other paired traits were significantly positively correlated. Heterosis analysis showed that the positive heterosis value over mid-parent and positive heterosis value over better- parent of the length of internode 3, internode 4, internode 5 and internode 6 reached significant level, and the heterosis value over mid-parent of plant height reached extreme significance level. [Conclusion] This study will provide reliable theoretical basis for the genetic improvement and heterosis utilization of plant height and internode traits in japonica-indica hybrid rice.

癌特异性新抗原

比利时路德维希癌研所的Thierry Boon及其同事声称,已在人黑素瘤细胞中分离到3种未曾见于正常细胞中的相关基因。特别是其中一种基因的蛋白产物能诱导一种细胞毒性T细胞的抗肿瘤反应。这一发现一旦被证实,将找到第一种认定为只特异于癌细胞的抗原,今后亦将有希望用它作为疫苗来诱导免疫系统破坏肿瘤。 Boon氏是在本月初一次由通用汽车公司发起的会议上介绍其研究结果的。他所发现的抗原看来是由上述三种相关基因(Boon氏称之为Mage)的一个表达出来的。研究者宣称该抗原(Mage-1基因的产物)能激活杀伤性T细胞,这种细胞负责催毁肿瘤组织。对皮肤、肝脏、肺和其它正常人组织进行检测。

Suitable Region for Flue-cured Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca L.) Planting Based on Spatial Scene Similarity

[Objective] The aim was to establish a model based on spatial scene similarity, for which soil, slope, transport, water conservancy, light, social economic factors in suitable planting areas were all considered. A new suitable planting area of flue-cured tobacco was determined by comparison and analysis, with consideration of excellent area. [Method] Totaling thirty natural factors were chosen, which were clas- sified into nine categories, from Longpeng Town （LP） and Shaochong Town （SC） in Shiping County in Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture. [Result] According to weights, the factors from high to low were as follows： soil〉light〉elevation〉slope〉 water conservancy〉transport〉baking facility〉planting plans over the years〉others. The similarity of geographical conditions in the area was 0.894 3, which indicated that the planting conditions in the two regions are similar. If farmer population in unit area, farmland quantity for individual farmer, labors in every household, activity in planting flue-cured tobacco and work of local instructor were considered, the weights of different factors were as follows： farmer population in unit area〉farmland quantity for individual farmer〉farmers＇ activity in planting flue-cured tobacco〉educational back- ground〉labor force in every household〉instructor〉population of farmers＇ children at- tending school. The similarity of geographical conditions was 0.703 1, which indicated that it is none-natural factors that influence yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Conclusion] According to analysis on suitable planting area of flue-cured tobacco based on assessment of spatial scene similarity, similarity of growing conditions in two spatial scenes can be analyzed and evaluated, which would promote further exploration on, influencing factors and effects on tobacco production.