8种细菌提取物(泛福舒)治疗反复呼吸道感染疗效观察

【目的】观察8种细菌提取物(泛福舒)在反复呼吸道感染患儿治疗过程中的作用。【方法】将77例入选患儿随机分为治疗组(39例)及对照组(38例),治疗组除常规抗感染及对症治疗外,口服泛福舒。对照组只进行常规治疗。所有患儿治疗前及治疗后6个月均测定血清免疫球蛋白。【结果】治疗组治疗后症状缓解时间、肺部湿罗音消散时间明显缩短,服药后呼吸道感染发作次数明显减少(P<0.001),体温下降时间缩短(P<0.01)。治疗组服药后血清IgG明显提高(P<0.001),IgA有所提高,统计学无明显差异性,IgM、IgE均无明显改变。【结论】泛福舒口服可增强肌机体免疫力,减轻呼吸道感染的症状,减少反复呼吸道感染的发作。

追寻幸福的培训 播种培训的幸福——一个基层教师向教师培训师转型的成长故事

从基层一线教师转型为教师培训师,这中间有多远的距离,需要作出怎样的调整,付出哪些努力?如何认识培训师的工作性质和事业价值?每一个教师培训师都有自己的成长故事,追寻幸福、播种幸福,是所有教师培训师共同的成长之路。

Mineral Elements in Different Varieties of Camellia sinensis

To understand the mineral elements in different varieties of tea （ Camellia sinensis）, 17 mineral elements in eight tea varieties including Yunnan Dayezhong, No. 43 Longjing and No. 6 Zaobaijian, were measured. The results showed that nine elements, such as P, K, Ba, Mn, Cu, were significantly different among varieties, others did not. Black tea varieties usually contain high contents of Cu and K. As a conclusion, mineral elements should be extensively considered in breeding tea varieties.

Behavioral Differentiation between Anas poecilorhyncha and Domestic Duck

Anas poecilorhyncha is one of improved variety of mallards, which was the protected bird species listed by International Union for Conservation of Nature （1UCN）. Little is known until now about behavioral characteristics of the mallard. The objective of this study was to compare the behavioral differentials between A. poecilorhyncha and domestic duck in order to make a strategy to manage A. poecilorhyncha under the condition of animal welfare. A total of 180 birds were distributed into six groups with 30 birds for each group. They were placed in a room of 3 m ~ 4 m and fed for one year old. Sansui ducks, a kind of native domestic duck （Sansui laying duck） were used for behavioral comparison. Two different rooms in the same building were applied, one room for A. poecilorhyncha and another one for Sansui ducks. All behaviors for A. poecilorhyncha and Sansui ducks were coded using the program The Observer XT 11.5 （Noldus Information Technology, Beijing）. The duration of observation was from 8：00 am to 18：00 pm daily and lasted 5 d. The results showed that there were similar behavioral percentages between A. poecilorhyncha and domestic duck. Percentages of standing activity spent for A. poecilorhyncha and Sansui duck were 34.59% and 30.25%, respectively. Accordingly, the activities, such as wing plugging, preening and head stretching, were more than 5.51%. The other activities, including walking, drinking and tail wagging, occupied less proportions （〈 3%）. While the specific behaviors, like aggression, alerting, wing dithering, clawing, nodding, pendulum clawing and crawling, took less than 1% of percentage. There were large differences between A. poecilorhyncha and domestic duck when comparing eight behavioral peaks. Lag sequential analysis was used to calculate frequency of transition between a pair of activities. Some parameters were very significant, like the frequency value from foraging converted to drinking in Sansui duck was 369-515, but 37-65 in A. poecilorhyncha. The best explaining could be given that Sansui duck was better domesticated than spot-billed duck. This study provides the basic data to study and develop spot-billed duck.

Effects of Lugol's iodine solution and formalin on cell volume of three bloom-forming dinoflagellates

Fixatives are traditionally used in marine ecosystem research. The bias introduced by fixatives on.the dimensions of plankton cells may lead to an overestimation or underestimation of the carbon biomass. To determine the impact of traditional fixatives on dinoflagellates during short- and long-term fixation, we analyzed the degree of change in three bloom-forming dinoflagellates （Prorocentrum rnicans, Scrippsiella trochoidea and Nocfiluca scintillans） brought about by Lugol＇s iodine solution （hereafter Lugol＇s） and formalin. The fixation effects were species-specific. P. micans cell volume showed no significant change following long-term preservation, and S. trochoidea swelled by approximately 8.06% in Lugol＇s and by 20.97% in formalin as a percentage of the live cell volume, respectively. N. scintillans shrank significantly in both fixatives. The volume change due to formalin in N. scintillans was not concentration-dependent, whereas the volume shrinkage ofN. scintillans cells fixed with Lugol＇s at a concentration of 2% was nearly six-fold that in cells fixed with Lugol＇s at a concentration of 0.6%-0.8%. To better estimate the volume of N. scintillans fixed in formalin at a concentration of 5%, we suggest that the conversion relationship was as follows： volume of live cell=volume of intact fixed cell/0.61. Apart from size change, damage induced by fixatives on N. scintillans was obvious. Lugol＇s is not a suitable fixative for N. scintillans due to high frequency of broken cells. Accurate carbon biomass estimate ofN. scintillans should be performed on live samples. These findings help to improve the estimate of phytoplankton cell volume and carbon biomass in marine ecosystem.

Vaccination Statistics and Reality： How Many Horses Are Really Vaccinated against Equine Influenza？

Standard schedules for equine influenza vaccinations have been published in Finland. However, no knowledge about the actual number of vaccinations has been available. Based on previous preliminary studies in slaughterhouses and among horse owners, it was suspected that vaccination recommendations are not always followed. The aims were to investigate vaccination status against equine influenza among Finnish racehorses in regional competitions. Vaccination status was investigated： （1） by utilizing database vaccination information of show jumping and dressage horses and （2） by carrying out a survey among horse industry experts. A total of 400 horses were selected at the beginning of the Finnish competition season in 2012 and five experts （key persons） were invited to a repeated survey implemented by Delphi techniques. Overall, 50%-100% of horses were properly vaccinated depending on the source available. Thirty-four percent （34%） of the horses had the competition license but no vaccination markings in the database. Differences between types of competition （show jumping and dressage） and between Southern and Northern parts of Finland were found. Vaccinations of show jumping horses were registered more often than vaccinations of dressage horses. Ninety percent （90%） of unvaccinated horses in the database were eight years or older. It can be concluded that equine influenza vaccination registry coverage among racehorses in Finland is incomplete. This poses a risk of misunderstanding, and the growing responsibility of competition organizers.