云南地方猪种种质性能比较

为了全面了解云南地方猪种的种质特性,促进地方猪种的保护和开发利用,通过实地调查,绘制了云南地方猪种分布图,测定了丽江猪的种质性能,补测了部分猪种的部分种质性能并进行初步比较。结果表明：云南地方猪种成年公猪和母猪的平均体重、体高、体长分别为42.90-133.90kg、51.46-74.42cm、88.80-134.38cm和46.20-128.23kg、50.96-70.36cm、89.00-141.10cm,经产母猪平均产仔数为6.60-11.84头,育肥猪平均日增重、屠宰率、平均背膘厚、瘦肉率分别为253-573.00g、66.03%-77.19%、3.37-4.58cm、39.46%-48.74%,肉色和大理石纹均在3.00-4.00分之间,滴水损失均为3%左右,熟肉率为65.37-71.46%,肌肉干物质、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量分别为27.82%-37.82%、20.18%-23.81%、4.58%-15.71%。经产母猪产仔数、育肥猪平均日增重、肌肉干物质含量均以撒坝猪最高,平均背膘厚、熟肉率均以大河猪最高,瘦肉率以明光小耳猪最高,屠宰率、肌肉粗脂肪含量均以丽江猪最高,粗蛋白质含量以迪庆藏猪最高,滴水损失以迪庆藏猪最低。与国外引进品种及其杂交组合相比,云南地方猪种普遍具有产仔少、饲料转化率低、生长速度慢和瘦肉率低的不足;但具有沉积脂肪能力强、肌肉粗脂肪含量高、香味及保水性能好的优点。

翻毛鸡种质性能的选育研究及其开发利用

翻毛鸡是宁波市振宁牧业有限公司历经4年时间培育而成的特色精品土鸡。具有较高的成活率、较强的野性及抗逆性；肉质结实，屠宰率高；《本草纲目》记载具有治疗风湿、呕吐等药效。

云南地方猪种肌肉营养成分分析

为全面了解云南地方猪种的种质特性,促进云南地方猪种遗传资源的开发利用,测定了撒坝猪、丽江猪和迪庆藏猪等7个云南地方猪种及国外引进品种长白猪的肌肉营养成分,结果:云南地方猪种肌肉干物质、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为(27.82±0.87)%^(37.82±5.63)%、(20.18±1.60)%^(23.81±2.07)%和(4.58±1.47)%^(15.71±4.68)%;品种间以上三种成分的高低顺序分别是撒坝猪>丽江猪>明光小耳猪≈迪庆藏猪>滇南小耳猪>保山猪≈大河猪、迪庆藏猪>撒坝猪>保山猪≈大河猪>明光小耳猪>丽江猪>滇南小耳猪和丽江猪>撒坝猪>滇南小耳猪>迪庆藏猪≈大河猪≈明光小耳猪≈保山猪;云南7个地方猪种的肌肉粗蛋白含量均显著低于长白猪(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量均显著高于长白猪(P<0.05),干物质含量除保山猪和大河猪外均显著高于长白猪(P<0.05),说明云南地方猪种沉积脂肪能力强,肉中脂肪和干物质含量高、蛋白含量低,肌肉营养价值和食用品质较好,尤其是肉品香味要远优于国外引进品种,是生产高档猪肉的理想原料猪种,可以合理利用这一特性生产高档猪肉以满足多元化的市场需求。

Evaluation of genetic potential of the polyvoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) germplasm and identification of parents for breeding programme

In the present study, polyvoltine germplasm stock ofAndhra Pradesh State Sericulture Research and Development, Institute （APSSRDI） was evaluated for its performance based on quantitative and qualitative traits. Twenty-one oval and 10 peanut cocoon shaped lines were reared in different seasons of the year. Since the polyvoltines are non-diapausing, six generations were reared and evaluated for various economically important traits based on evaluation index and sub-ordinate function statistical methods. Ten top ranked lines obtained by using both the methods were identified as potential parental strains. Among oval lines, APMI4, APMI 1, APMIS, APMW9, and APMI9, and among peanut lines APMD5, APMDI, APMD3, APMD9 and APMD8 were selected as base material. The identified high yielding lines will be used in various breeding programmes as initial parents for the synthesis of superior polyvoltine breeds/hybrids.

Chemical and Functional Properties of Full Fat and Defatted White Melon （Cucumeropsis mannii） Seed Flours

Cucumeropsis mannii, an underutilized oil seed was processed into raw full fat and defatted seed flours and its chemical, functional properties and anti-nutritional factors were determined using standard techniques. The effects of sample concentration and pH on the foaming properties of the seed flours were determined. The results showed that the full fat and defatted seed flours contained the following in g/100 g sample; 5.0 and 5.1; 45.8 and 1.0; 39.4 and 78.7; 3.45 and 4.40; 1.50 and 3.05; 4.85 and 7.75 for moisture, crude fat, protein, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate, respectively. The most abundant mineral elements in the seed flour （mg/100 g） are potassium （198.5）, followed by nickel （30.0） and magnesium （28.4）. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity and stability, least gelation concentration, emulsion capacity and bulk density are 55.5% and 125.0%; 128.8% and 184.0%; 10.5% and 17.0%; 3.0% and 1.5%; 16.0% and 10.0 g/mL; 85.0 and 115.0 mL/g; 0.42 and 0.25 g/mL, respectively. Defatting influenced the functional properties. The foaming capacity is dependent on sample concentration and pH. The protein solubility of the full fat and defatted seed flours was minimum between pH 3 and 4 and maximum at pH 11. The anti-nutritional composition of the seed flour revealed the following： tannic acid, 1.54 mg/100 g; phytin phosphorus, 0.70 rag/g; phytic acid, 2.48 mg/g; oxalate, 1.85 mg/g; alkaloids 1.97% and saponin 0.50%. The seed flours （full fat and defatted） have potential as nutrient supplement, thickeners and emulsifiers in food system.

Physicochemical Properties of Banana Flour as Influenced by Variety and Stage of Ripeness： Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Physicochemical properties of banana flour （BF） were studied in two varieties （Cavendish and Dream） and two stages of ripeness （green and ripe）. BF＇s were analyzed for pH, total soluble solids （TSS）, water holding capacity （WHC） and oil holding capacity （OHC） at 40℃, 60 ℃ and 80 ℃, color values L＊, a＊ and b＊, back extrusion force and viscosity. Physicochemical data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance, discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. All statistical analyses showed that physicochemical properties of BF prepared from different variety and stage of ripeness were different from each other. Viscosity, WHC40, WHC60 and TSS were recommended methods for discrimination between banana flour prepared from the two varieties, whilst viscosity, WHC60 and WHC80 were suggested for differentiation of banana flour prepared using green and ripe banana.

Riparian plant community structure and assembly processes differed by variations in riverbank curvatures:implications for restoring habitats along the Three Gorges Reservoir

A meandering riverbank plays a vital role in maintaining natural river ecosystems,providing habitats for riparian vegetation.However,dams have significantly altered riverbank shapes.To restore the riparian ecosystems,it is imperative to understand how different riverbank curvatures influence them.This study aims to uncover the ecological impacts of riverbank curvature on the structure and assembly process of plant communities in the riparian zone of the Yangtze River,regulated by the Three Gorges Dam(TGD)in China.We categorized the riparian zones into four types:cove,lobe,wavy and linear shapes.We documented the composition and diversity of riparian plant communities.Our findings revealed that wavy and cove riverbanks exhibited greater species diversity(with Shannon–Wiener diversity index values 1.5×higher)compared to communities along linear riverbanks.Furthermore,the analysis of functional traits indicated that wavy riverbanks promoted the differentiation of plant functional traits,thus enhancing ecosystem functions,with functional dispersion index(FDis)values 1.3 times higher than those of linear riverbanks.Significant variations in the assembly of riparian communities were also observed among different riverbanks,with standardized effect size(SES)values indicating a higher degree of niche differentiation in cove riverbanks(SES=0.4)compared to linear riverbanks(SES=–0.6).These results highlight the ecological importance of diverse riverbank curvatures in influencing the diversity,structure and assembly of riparian communities along the waterway.In summary,this study underscores the necessity of maintaining or restoring various natural morphological curvatures when rehabilitating riparian communities along rivers impacted by human activities.

Patterns and determinants of wood physical and mechanical properties across major tree species in China

The physical and mechanical properties of wood affect the growth and development of trees, and also act as the main criteria when determining wood usage. Our understanding on patterns and controls of wood physical and mechanical properties could provide benefits for forestry management and bases for wood application and forest tree breeding. However, current studies on wood properties mainly focus on wood density and ignore other wood physical properties. In this study, we established a comprehensive database of wood physical properties across major tree species in China. Based on this database, we explored spatial patterns and driving factors of wood properties across major tree species in China. Our results showed that(i) compared with wood density, air-dried density, tangential shrinkage coefficient and resilience provide more accuracy and higher explanation power when used as the evaluation index of wood physical properties.(ii) Among life form, climatic and edaphic variables, life form is the dominant factor shaping spatial patterns of wood physical properties, climatic factors the next, and edaphic factors have the least effects, suggesting that the effects of climatic factors on spatial variations of wood properties are indirectly induced by their effects on species distribution.