2010年前后,随着各大作物模式品种基因组测序的完成,拟南芥、水稻、玉米等的重测序研究,突破了分子标记数量的限制,带动作物科学研究全面进入基因组时代,大量代表性品种、种质资源完成了重测序工作,数以百万甚至千万计的SNP标记,全基因...2010年前后,随着各大作物模式品种基因组测序的完成,拟南芥、水稻、玉米等的重测序研究,突破了分子标记数量的限制,带动作物科学研究全面进入基因组时代,大量代表性品种、种质资源完成了重测序工作,数以百万甚至千万计的SNP标记,全基因组关联分析(GWAS,genome-wide association study)广泛应用于遗传资源研究,使近10年成为种质资源研究的黄金期,通过GWAS解析一些复杂重要农艺性状的遗传基础,成为Cell、Nature和Science及其子刊这一时期的主要内容,推动种质资源学迈入一个崭新时代。20世纪,遗传育种学的发展和完善推动了种质资源学科的萌芽和初步形成,而21世纪基因组学的发展和广泛应用,逐步形成了种质资源学推动育种学发展的新局面,一些长期困扰育种家的问题,通过GWAS分析得到了重要启示或答案(如番茄的驯化、育种史,品质与产量矛盾问题,小麦骨干亲本等)。而泛基因组研究的迅速发展,突破了单一参考基因组的局限性,使我们认识到品种间基因组结构变异的普遍性,为深度解析重大品种、骨干亲本的形成及突破性资源的创制提供了更加宽广的视野。巢式关联作图群体(NAM,nested association mapping)、多亲本互交群体(MAGIC,multi-parent advanced generation intercross)及以此为基础衍生的构建多亲本遗传群体的思路和实践,使研究群体的遗传背景水平达到同期育种要求,不仅加快了基因的精细定位,并为组装育种提供了平台,推动着种质资源学、基因组学和育种学的融合与互动,开启了以基因组信息为支撑的基因资源和分子设计育种新时代,也预示着大学科融合与调整时代的到来。展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the morphological diversity of red- seed watermelon （Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao） germplasm resources. [Method] Multiple cluster analysis an...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the morphological diversity of red- seed watermelon （Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao） germplasm resources. [Method] Multiple cluster analysis and principal components analysis on the morphological traits of 51 red-seed watermelon germplasm resources were carried out. [Result] The coefficient of variations （CVs） of 39 morphological traits in 51 red-seed watermelon idioplasm resources ranged from 5.37% to 66.95%, with an average of 22.87%. The average of Shannon diversity information indices was 1.55. Among them, the Shannon diversity information index of seed length was the highest （2.16） and that of seed shell figure pattern was the lowest （0.32）. In ad- dition, the morphological diversity information indices of quantity characters were higher than that of quality characters. The principal components analysis revealed that the variance contribution rates of the first, second and third principal compo- nents were 19.49%, 15.32% and 9.55%, respectively. Cluster analysis divided the 51 materials into three broad branches based on the morphological traits. There was only one material in the fist branch and two in the second branch, and all the three materials were wild. The other 48 materials were divided into the third branch and all of them were cultivars. [Conclusion] This study provided a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of red-seed watermelon resources.展开更多
The origin, classification, utilization and evaluation of germplasm resources, and breeding methods were introduced. The researches of biotic or/and abiotic stress, exploration of genomics and proteomics in common bea...The origin, classification, utilization and evaluation of germplasm resources, and breeding methods were introduced. The researches of biotic or/and abiotic stress, exploration of genomics and proteomics in common bean in recent years were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide theoretical reference for utilization and innovation of germplasm resources in common bean.展开更多
文摘2010年前后,随着各大作物模式品种基因组测序的完成,拟南芥、水稻、玉米等的重测序研究,突破了分子标记数量的限制,带动作物科学研究全面进入基因组时代,大量代表性品种、种质资源完成了重测序工作,数以百万甚至千万计的SNP标记,全基因组关联分析(GWAS,genome-wide association study)广泛应用于遗传资源研究,使近10年成为种质资源研究的黄金期,通过GWAS解析一些复杂重要农艺性状的遗传基础,成为Cell、Nature和Science及其子刊这一时期的主要内容,推动种质资源学迈入一个崭新时代。20世纪,遗传育种学的发展和完善推动了种质资源学科的萌芽和初步形成,而21世纪基因组学的发展和广泛应用,逐步形成了种质资源学推动育种学发展的新局面,一些长期困扰育种家的问题,通过GWAS分析得到了重要启示或答案(如番茄的驯化、育种史,品质与产量矛盾问题,小麦骨干亲本等)。而泛基因组研究的迅速发展,突破了单一参考基因组的局限性,使我们认识到品种间基因组结构变异的普遍性,为深度解析重大品种、骨干亲本的形成及突破性资源的创制提供了更加宽广的视野。巢式关联作图群体(NAM,nested association mapping)、多亲本互交群体(MAGIC,multi-parent advanced generation intercross)及以此为基础衍生的构建多亲本遗传群体的思路和实践,使研究群体的遗传背景水平达到同期育种要求,不仅加快了基因的精细定位,并为组装育种提供了平台,推动着种质资源学、基因组学和育种学的融合与互动,开启了以基因组信息为支撑的基因资源和分子设计育种新时代,也预示着大学科融合与调整时代的到来。
基金Supported by the National Program for Space Breeding Special Fund of(2006HT100113)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-26)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the morphological diversity of red- seed watermelon （Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao） germplasm resources. [Method] Multiple cluster analysis and principal components analysis on the morphological traits of 51 red-seed watermelon germplasm resources were carried out. [Result] The coefficient of variations （CVs） of 39 morphological traits in 51 red-seed watermelon idioplasm resources ranged from 5.37% to 66.95%, with an average of 22.87%. The average of Shannon diversity information indices was 1.55. Among them, the Shannon diversity information index of seed length was the highest （2.16） and that of seed shell figure pattern was the lowest （0.32）. In ad- dition, the morphological diversity information indices of quantity characters were higher than that of quality characters. The principal components analysis revealed that the variance contribution rates of the first, second and third principal compo- nents were 19.49%, 15.32% and 9.55%, respectively. Cluster analysis divided the 51 materials into three broad branches based on the morphological traits. There was only one material in the fist branch and two in the second branch, and all the three materials were wild. The other 48 materials were divided into the third branch and all of them were cultivars. [Conclusion] This study provided a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of red-seed watermelon resources.
基金Supported by Postdoctor Initial Funding Project from Northeast China Agricultural Innovation Center(2013-2015)Fund for Overseas Students from the Personnel Department of Jilin Province(3140101)~~
文摘The origin, classification, utilization and evaluation of germplasm resources, and breeding methods were introduced. The researches of biotic or/and abiotic stress, exploration of genomics and proteomics in common bean in recent years were reviewed in this paper, in order to provide theoretical reference for utilization and innovation of germplasm resources in common bean.
