用色谱数据系统鉴别两种酒花混合物品种

比较酒花油图谱和对α-酸、β-酸的分析,表明生长在德国泰特昂地区的泰特昂酒花与生长在哈拉道地区的泰特昂酒花是不同的。采用色谱数据系统,结合不同种类的酒花图谱可以看出,给拉道泰特昂酒花样品中混有海斯布鲁克晚熟品种或哈拉道中早熟品种。

AFLP Fingerprint and SCAR Marker of Watermelon Core Collection

The identification of germplasm is an important step for effective utilization of the available germplasm. In previous studies, isoenzyme, RAPD and SSR techniques had been used to conduct the genetic identification of watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.), but their effectiveness was limited due to the extremely narrow genetic background among watermelon genotypes. In this research, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), which was reported as a reliable technique with high efficiency in detecting polymorphism, was used to conduct genetic analysis and variety identification of thirty genotypes of watermelon core collection that represent a wide range of breeding and commercially available germplasm. As a result, a DNA fingerprint based on 15 bands amplified with four primer combinations was developed. In this fingerprint, each genotype has its unique fingerprint pattern and can be distinguished from each other. Furthermore, in or der to facilitate the utilization of AFLP marker in practice, one specific AFLP band of genotype 'PI296341' coming from fragment amplified by primer combination E-AT/M-CAT was successfully converted into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker.

The Application of RAPD Markers in Diversity Detection and Variety Identification of Porphyra

RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers were generated from filaments of 15 Porphyra lines representing four important groups, P. yezoensis, P. haitanensis, P. katadai var. hemiphylla and P. oligospermatangia . Among the total 69 fragments generated by 6 selected primers (among 50 primers), 67 appeared to be polymorphic (97.1%). Cluster analysis based on the RAPD results was performed. The 15 Porphyra lines were divided into 3 groups. This result was consistent with that from taxonomy analysis. A DNA fingerprinting based on 8 bands amplified with OPN_02 and OPJ_18 was constructed and might be used in Porphyra variety identification. Five specific RAPD fragments of 5 Porphyra lines were isolated and cloned into pGEM_T easy vector. These five RAPD fragments may be useful in germplasm identification and property protection of Porphyra .

AFLP Fingerprinting Analysis of Elite Hevea brasiliensis Germplasm

There are more than 6 000 clones of Hema brasiliensis Mull. Ary germplasm in the germplasm garden of Chinese National Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops and some of them are elite germplasm demonstrated by production and previous studies. AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprinting analysis was performed on 25 clones (15 of Wickham clones and 10 of Amazon wild clones which possess phenotypes with high-yielding,/Iow-yielding, cold-tolerance/cold-sensitivity, oidium-resistance/oidium-sensitivity, tapping panel dryness (TPD) /healthy) respectively through a 377 DNA sequencer (P. E. Corp.) and PAGE electrophoresis results were analyzed by using GeneScan(TM) and Genotype(TM) Analysis software (P. E. Corp. The fragment profiles of different clones were obtained. Five hundred and eighteen fragments were generated by two primer combinations screened from 64 primer combinations and 511 fragments appeared to be polymorphic (98.6%). Genetic distance ranged from 0.25 to 0.81 between clones and ranged from 0.07 to 0.17 within RRIM600 clone. A specific 320 bp fragment of the oidium-resistant clones was found through genotype analysis. These results showed that AFLP fingerprints were highly reproducible and powerful and can be widely used in germplasm identification and genetic diversity analysis of Hema brasiliensis. In addition, based on the AFLP data, cluster analysis was performed. Cluster results showed that all the clones studied were almost clustered into a group one by one.

Research Progress of Bactrocera dorsalis and Its Species Complex

Research progress of B. dorsalis and its species complex in Taiwan region and abroad was summarized from the aspects of classification, origin, transmission, distribution, host, biological characteristics and adaptability to environmental conditions, in order to provide references and basis for researching B. dorsalis and its species complex in China.

Resistance of Major and Backup Rice Cultivars against Ustilaginoidea virens in Anhui Province

[Objective] The aim was to study resistance of major and backup rice cul- tivars against Ustilaginoidea virens. [Method] Experiments and surveys were made on resistance of seventeen backup rice cultivars and some major cultivars in Anhui Province to identify resistance of different rice cultivars. [Result] Yanjing No.9, 80You 226, Tianxie No.l, A01 Xian, Lvjingnuo No.6 were moderate resistant; A03 Xian and Yangjing 636 were susceptible and the rest ten showed moderate susceptibility. Based on surveys on major rice cultivars, most of Liangyou rice series are suscept- able and novel Liangyou Xiang 4 enjoys resistance to certain extent. [Conclusion] The research provided references for resistance of rice against diseases in Anhui Province.

Evaluation of Rice Germplasm from Southeast Asia

Totaling 662 rice germplasms were collected from Southeast Asia,including 120 wild species and 542 cultivated rice plants.An information database of the collections was constructed after phenotype identification.Based on evaluation of cultivated rice,some germplasm resources were found to have good characteristics,including 58 accessions resistant to brown planthopper,nine accessions resistant to rice blast,eleven accessions resistant to bacterial blight,and twelve accessions with salt-tolerance.The introduced rice resources broaden genetic basis of rice and enrich rice genbank in China,which would play an active role in rice genetic research and rice breeding.

Study and Identification of Gaultheria yunnanensis Leaves from Different Regions

[Objective] In order to identify and comparatively study leaves of ethnic medicine Gaultheria yunnanensis from different regions of Guizhou.[Method] Characteristics,microscopic,physical and chemical identification were studied on Gaultheria yunnanensis.[Result] There was no obvious difference in characteristics and microscopic sections among Gaultheria yunnanensis leaves from different regions.Blue fluorescence spots were observed clearly by TLC（Thin Layer Chromatography） test.[Conclusion]The study provided a basis for improvement of the quality standard of the Gaultheria yunnanensis.

Screening of SSR Core Primers for Purity Identification of Pepper(Capsicum) Hybrids

[Objective] This study aimed to screen a set of SSR core primers suitable for purity identification of pepper （Capsicum） hybrids. [Method] DNA fingerprint of 100 pepper hybrids was analyzed using 17 SSR primers. [Result] According to the polymorphism and heterozygosity, Hpms1-214, Es395 and Hpmsl-5 were determined as three preferred core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. By using these three preferred core primers, 97 pepper hybrids （accounting for 97%） had heterozygous band pattern with at least one primer. Es330, Es363, Epms923, Es120 and Es64 were determined as candidate core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. Specific primers of 14 varieties were obtained, which could be used to further screen parent-complementary primers of each pepper hybrid. [Con- clusion] This study laid the foundation for constructing standard DNA fingerprints for purity identification of pepper hybrids.

Investigation on Pathogenic Factors of Tobacco Root-Knot Nematode Disease in Gengma County,Yunnan Province

Tobacco root-knot nematode disease has caused severe damage in Geng- ma County, Yunnan Province. In order to identify the pathogenic factors of the tobac- co root-knot nematode disease in this county, the pathogenic nematodes, hosts and environment of tobacco fields in Mengsa, Hepai and Sipaishan 3 main tobacco-grow- ing towns in Gengma County were investigated and analyzed based on the local re- lated field survey on tobacco root-knot nematode disease in this county in 2012. The results showed the incidence and severity of the tobacco root-knot nematode disease were all higher than those of previous years. dominant pathogens of the tobacco root-knot The species identification showed the nematode disease were Meloidogyne arenaria and M. javanica in Gengma County. The lacking of disease-resistant culti- vars, poor management and climatic anomaly were the main causes of the tobacco root-knot nematode disease in Gengma. According to the occurrence characteristics of the disease, the agricultural prevention-based control measures were proposed.

Screening and Molecular Identification of Strain that Produced Inulinase in Qinghai

The 46 strains that produced inulase were screened from rhizosphere soil where Jerusalem artichoke was planted in Qinghai.One strain with high inulinase productivity was obtained through further screening and the enzyme activity was6.67 U/ml.This inulinase was exonuclease.Through determination and analysis of the r DNA-ITS sequence,and analysis of morphology,the fungus was identified as Actinomucor elegans.

Screening of Drought Stress Indicators and Analysis of Drought Resistance in Cultivated Rice Germplasm Resources in Guangxi

This study aimed to screen drought stress indicators and analyze the drought resistance in 105 cultivated rice germplasm resources in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region under drought stress in the whole growth period based on D value of seven morphological traits including panicle neck thickness,effective panicle number per plant,1 000-grain weight,filled grain number per panicle,total grain number,seed setting rate and yield per plant.According to the results,under drought stress,yield per plant exhibited significant positive correlation with panicle neck thickness and exhibited extremely significant positive correlation with other five morphological traits.Based on the identification and evaluation of comprehensive drought-resistance index D value,seven highly drought-resistant cultivated rice varieties were screened,accounting for 6.67％.Upland rice germplasm resources in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region possess strong drought-resistance capacity,which could be used to screen highly drought-resistant rice germplasm materials.This study provided material basis and theoretical reference for breeding drought resistant rice cultivars in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Cytogenetical Analysis of Hybrid F1 from Common Wheat and Aegilops ventricosa × Aegilops cylindrica Amphidiploid

[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the chromosome pairing of F1 from Aegilops Ventricosa-Aegilops Cylindrica amphiploid × common wheat.[Method] Microsporogenesis and pollen development of Yannong15,SDAU18 and their hybrid F1 were observed cytologically by squash method.[Result] The results showed that microsporogenesis and pollen development of two parents including Yannong15 and SDAU18 were basically normal,and their seed setting was also basically normal.However,the microsporogenesis of their hybrid F1 was chaotic.Univalent and bivalent with high frequency of 10.11 and 18.29 per cell respectively occurred in meiotic MI（metphaseI） of PMC（pollen mother cell）.Nevertheless,only quite low frequency of multivalents occurred in meiotic PMC MI.The laggards at meiotic AI（anaphaseI） were 5 per cell on average.The number of micronucleoli in tetrad was 4.43 per cell averagely.The aborted pollen with different frequency occurred at every stage of hybrid F1 pollen development but mainly after single nucleus pollen stage.The fertile pollen rate of hybrid F1 was only 31% at 3-nucleated stage.[Conclusion] This study provides cytogenetics basis for further analysis and utilization of the amphiploid.

Research Progress of Differential Systems for Physiological Races of Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor

Research progress was reviewed on the differential systems for physiologic races of Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron,including Williams,differential system and European clubroot differential（ECD） set.The existing problems and countermeasures of the different differential systems were discussed,and a research status quo on the molecular identification and detection of clubroot pathogen in crucifers were introduced.

On the Identification and Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of Peanut Germplasm

For screening out salt tolerance germplasm and providing materials for ge- netic research of peanut, based on the indexes including relative germination poten- tial, relative germination rate, relative germination index and salt-injury rate, 128 peanut germplasms were selected for salt-tolerant identification and estimation under 2.5% NaCI. We found significant but various depressing levels of germination rate under salt stress among different germplasms, and only 5% of 128 germplasms were highly resistant to salinity. We also found that the relative germination index was a useful evaluation index for salt tolerance besides salt damage rate and rela- tive germination rate. After all, we comprehensively screened out 7 materials （JS011, JS024, JS125, JS491, JS523, JS524 and JS525） as salt tolerance germplasms for further research. Key

Identification of Faba Bean(Vicia faba L.)Germplasm Resources in Hubei Province and Evaluation on Their Main Agronomic Traits

Through field observation and lab analysis, 13 agronomic traits, including plant height and effective branching number per plant, etc., of 207 faba bean （Vicia faba L.） germplasms saved in Crop Middle-term Genebank of Hubei Province were evaluated, moreover, the identification on the disease resistance and the quality was carried out on parts of germplasm resources. The results showed that the faba beangermplasm resources in Hubei Province were abundant, the variation range of agronomic traits like the growth period, plant height and 100-bean weight, etc., was great, and the range of choice was wide. In the aspect of quality, there were 9 germplasms withthe content of crude protein higher than 30%, and the variation range of amylose content in total starch was large, which provided excellent sources of parents for breedinq hi.qh-quality faba bean varieties in Hubei Province.

Purity Identification of Xinshikui 6 Using SSR Marker Technique

[Objective] SSR molecular marker technique was used to determine the purity of sunflower seed with the aim to provide accurate, convenient method for the identification of the purity of hybrid seeds in production and processing. [Method] With the DNA of Xinshikui 6 and its parents as template, about 100 pairs of SSR molecular markers were screened after DNA extraction, PCR amplification and electrophoresis production. [Results] SSR polymorphic primer marker 532 produced a specific band of 469 bp in the female parent, and a specific band of 451 bp in the male parent; primer marker 574 produced a specific band of 364 bp in the female parent, and a specific band of 384 bp in the male parent. The indoor molecular purity identification and field purity identification were consistent with each other. The primer marker 532 and 574 could be obtained from the SSR molecular marker method to distinguish the male parent, female parent and hybrid of Xinshikui 6, and both of the 2 primer markers can effectively identify the purities of the hybrid seeds of Xinshikui 6, as well as the authenticity of the seeds. [Conclusion] The proposed method was simple, fast, accurate to operate with the advantages of high reproducibility, and it had become the major method in the identification of sunflower varieties.

Species identification of sympatric cuckoo nestlings in a multiple-cuckoo system,China

Interaction between a parasite and its host could lead to a co-evolutionary arms race. Cuckoo-host system is among the most studied of all brood parasite systems, but the cuckoos of Asia, on the other hand, are much less well known. China has the most abundant cuckoo species in Asia. Many of these co-occur in sympatric areas, posing a potential risk of mis-identification of cuckoo nestlings, especially in Cuculus species. In this study we have provided a practical criterion to identify cuckoo nestlings species in the field and performed molecular phylogeny to confirm our empirical results. These results indicate that two distinct characteristics of cuckoo nestlings, i.e., the gape color pattern and feather traits can be considered as reliable species identification. To our knowledge, this is the first report for species identification of Cuculus nestlings through molecular analysis.

RAPD Appraisal of Purity of the Hybrid Rice SY63

使用纯度低或真实性差的杂交种子会给农业生产造成极大损失。然而杂交种子的纯度无法单纯从种子形态上鉴别．本文首次采用ＲＡＰＤ特异扩增谱带做为分子标记对水稻杂交种纯度进行了鉴定。汕优６３杂交水稻种子由中国水稻研究所从某制种单位随机取样获得。珍汕９７Ａ不育系和明恢６３恢复系等品种由中国水稻研究所提供。在做形态观察的同时，分别取上述三种材料叶片制备ＤＮＡ作为初始模板ＤＮＡ。对３００个ＲＡＰＤ随机引物，经过三次多态性初筛复筛，发现随机引物Ｐ１８可以稳定地扩增出一条来源于父本明恢６３的０．８ｋｂ的特异条带。用Ｐ１８引物对１００株汕优６３杂交单株进行ＲＡＰＤ扩增，其中８３个获得了０．８ｋｂ特异条带（Ｆｉｇ．１ｕｐｐｅｒ）。分子杂交证明其结果是可靠的（Ｆｉｇ．１Ｌｏｗｅｒ）。以ＲＡＰＤ扩增结果为依据，对这１００株材料进行植株形态比较，发现那１７个不能扩增出特异条带的单株均为假杂种。说明该制种单位汕优６３的假种率为１７％。大大超过农业部的有关规定。应对其原因和后果进行追究。用Ｐ１８引物对１８种分别为籼粳及其中间型的常用稻种进行ＲＡＰＤ扩增鉴定，除明恢６３的亲本──圭６３０和中间型Ｐｃｃｏｓ，Ａｕｓ３７３具有０．８ｋｂ的特异条带?

Identification of the Parentage of Corn Variety Using SSR Markers

[Objective] The study was to explore the molecular interpretation standards on parentage in the seeds of corn variety. [Method] With 16 hybrids and their parents and 202 inbred elites as materials for screening primers, the artificial groups of two standard diad and two standard triad were respectively established as the verification materials. Genomic DNA of seedlings was extracted by using CTAB method. 137 pairs of SSR primers were selected for SSR amplification and product detection, which was used for the parentage identification of maize varieties. [ Result] Twenty pairs of corn primers with high polymorphism information content （ PIC value）, clearly amplified bands and good reproducibility were screened from 137 pairs of corn SSR primers tested. The identification results of using SSR molecular were consistent with the actual situation. [ Conclusion] It is feasible to identify the parentage of maize variety using SSR markers.