A point on the distinction between design and science is given and the connotanons of aeslgn science are discussed in the paper. Design should be understood as the first step of all human＇ s purposeful activity, whic...A point on the distinction between design and science is given and the connotanons of aeslgn science are discussed in the paper. Design should be understood as the first step of all human＇ s purposeful activity, which is a daily behavior for everyone. Four laws are summarized, which describe the basic patterns of design and are the constituents of design science. They are the law of design based on existed knowledge, law of in- completeness of design knowledge, law of design centered on new knowledge acquirement and law of competi- tiveness of design knowledge. The four basic laws show the knowledge essence of design. To enrich the existed knowledge, to make it convenient to be used, to teach designers with high intuition and inspiration in picking useful elements of existed knowledge and shaping competitive ideas and to have strong new knowledge acquire- ment facility are the basic conditions of good designs. Study of design science will promote the structure of tra- ditional engineering education. An important conclusion is derived that there will be no successful innovation without good design.展开更多
With the development of the times, all kinds of competition, higher education gradually grow into the community center from the margins of society; the quality of higher education is becoming a major issue of concern....With the development of the times, all kinds of competition, higher education gradually grow into the community center from the margins of society; the quality of higher education is becoming a major issue of concern. Monitoring and protecting the quality of higher education is now the main topic of higher education reform and development. Quality is the lifeline of university development, improving the quality of teaching is the eternal theme of higher education, and undergraduate education is the main and basic higher education. Therefore, improving the quality of undergraduate teaching is essential to enhance the quality of teaching in Higher Education.展开更多
Determinants analysis is a pretty recent approach in social research and policy reviews, so that one cannot speak about generally/largely agreed definition of concepts yet. The paper endeavors to propose a framework f...Determinants analysis is a pretty recent approach in social research and policy reviews, so that one cannot speak about generally/largely agreed definition of concepts yet. The paper endeavors to propose a framework for analyzing the factors that, at structural, proximity, and individual levels, impede the realization of adolescents＇ rights to education, health, and protection. This framework was first conceived for the purpose of being used within a study on the state of adolescents in Romania, commissioned by the United Nations International Children＇s Emergency Fund （UNICEF） Romania and carried out by the Centre for Urban and Regional Sociology and Institute for Educational Sciences, which fmally used a slightly different approach, in a view to observe the determinants＇ framework already in use by UNICEF. The proposed framework is based on the structure-agency approach embraced by several international youth researches, which argue that individual actions and behaviors are in most cases the results of an interplay between structural constraints （institutional settings and rules） and individual agency. This approach is important for a determinants＇ analysis because it requires due consideration of individual features as well while discussing the role of social determinants in setting choice constraints and shaping pathways for adolescents＇ achievement of their rights. It is also important when approaching vulnerable adolescents, since vulnerability is often associated not only with structural and/or proximity determinants, but also with individual features.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50935004)
文摘A point on the distinction between design and science is given and the connotanons of aeslgn science are discussed in the paper. Design should be understood as the first step of all human＇ s purposeful activity, which is a daily behavior for everyone. Four laws are summarized, which describe the basic patterns of design and are the constituents of design science. They are the law of design based on existed knowledge, law of in- completeness of design knowledge, law of design centered on new knowledge acquirement and law of competi- tiveness of design knowledge. The four basic laws show the knowledge essence of design. To enrich the existed knowledge, to make it convenient to be used, to teach designers with high intuition and inspiration in picking useful elements of existed knowledge and shaping competitive ideas and to have strong new knowledge acquire- ment facility are the basic conditions of good designs. Study of design science will promote the structure of tra- ditional engineering education. An important conclusion is derived that there will be no successful innovation without good design.
文摘With the development of the times, all kinds of competition, higher education gradually grow into the community center from the margins of society; the quality of higher education is becoming a major issue of concern. Monitoring and protecting the quality of higher education is now the main topic of higher education reform and development. Quality is the lifeline of university development, improving the quality of teaching is the eternal theme of higher education, and undergraduate education is the main and basic higher education. Therefore, improving the quality of undergraduate teaching is essential to enhance the quality of teaching in Higher Education.
文摘Determinants analysis is a pretty recent approach in social research and policy reviews, so that one cannot speak about generally/largely agreed definition of concepts yet. The paper endeavors to propose a framework for analyzing the factors that, at structural, proximity, and individual levels, impede the realization of adolescents＇ rights to education, health, and protection. This framework was first conceived for the purpose of being used within a study on the state of adolescents in Romania, commissioned by the United Nations International Children＇s Emergency Fund （UNICEF） Romania and carried out by the Centre for Urban and Regional Sociology and Institute for Educational Sciences, which fmally used a slightly different approach, in a view to observe the determinants＇ framework already in use by UNICEF. The proposed framework is based on the structure-agency approach embraced by several international youth researches, which argue that individual actions and behaviors are in most cases the results of an interplay between structural constraints （institutional settings and rules） and individual agency. This approach is important for a determinants＇ analysis because it requires due consideration of individual features as well while discussing the role of social determinants in setting choice constraints and shaping pathways for adolescents＇ achievement of their rights. It is also important when approaching vulnerable adolescents, since vulnerability is often associated not only with structural and/or proximity determinants, but also with individual features.
