注重科学实践活动 提升学生科学素养

科学综合实践活动中,教师应发挥引导作用,让学生贴近生活确定主题,开展丰富多彩的活动,积极评价,保持长久的兴趣和旺盛的热情,从而不断提升学生的科学素养。

Roles of unphosphorylated STATs in signaling

The seven members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） family of transcription factors are activated in response to many different cytokines and growth factors by phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues. The STAT1 and STAT3 genes are specific targets of activated STATs 1 and 3, respectively, resulting in large increases in the levels of these unphosphorylated STATs （U-STATs） in response to the interferons （STAT1） or ligands that active gpl30, such as IL-6 （STAT3）. U-STATs drive gene expression by novel mechanisms distinct from those used by phosphorylated STAT （P-STAT） dimers. In this review, we discuss the roles of U-STATs in transcription and regulation of gene expression.

Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) on the treatment of exposure of the orbital implants

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and the indication of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the treatment of exposure of orbital implants. Design: Retrospective and observational case series. Methods: We reviewed 41 patients (41 eyes) suffering exposure of orbital implants from Jan. 2000 to June 2006. The study group patients with mild exposure received com-bined treatment with bFGF and antibiotic drops, and while the control group patients with mild exposure were treated with anti-biotic drops only. The study group patients with moderate and severe exposure received combined treatment with bFGF and antibiotic drops, and after 2 months they were subjected to amniotic membrane transplantation, while the control group patients with moderate and severe exposure underwent amniotic membrane transplantation after using antibiotic drops. Observation of the growth of conjunctival epithelium and comparison of the healing rate of the two groups. Results: The healing rates of the mild, moderate and severe exposure study group were 100% and 92.3%. The healing rates of the mild, moderate and severe exposure control group were 55.6% and 66.7% respectively. The difference of the healing rates of the mild exposure study group and the control group was significant (P=0.033). And the difference of the healing rates of the moderate and severe exposure study group and the control group was not significant (P=0.167). Conclusion: bFGF may promote obviously the healing of orbital implant exposure, particularly it can be the first choice for the treatment of mild degree exposure. For the moderate and severe cases, it can be administered before surgical repair to enhance neovascularization and will tend to increase the success rate of surgical repair.

细胞“返老还童”二维码被破译

生命科学中是否存在类似支付二维码一样的二进制规律密码？中国科学院广州生物医药与健康研究院裴端卿课题组通过研究干细胞诱导过程,发现细胞在发生＂返老还童＂时,染色质的＂开—关＂状态恰似二维码一样记录了这个过程的大量信息。通过破译这些＂二维码＂的内在含义,他们阐述了干细胞诱导过程的变化机制。成纤维细胞在导入诱导因子后,会启动一套奇妙的未知程序,将体细胞返老还童到受精后约3.5天的状态。

Analysis of Moxibustion Reports Published in Journals of Science Citation Index in Recent 5 Years

Objective： To analyze moxibustion reports published in the journals of Science Citation Index （SCI）, so as to grasp the current publication development of researches on moxibustion and to provide submission reference to such studies in the future. Methods： Moxibustion reports were searched on PubMed and ISI web of knowledge, and 2 reviewers extracted data independently for analysis. Studies qualified were analyzed from eight aspects： publishing amount, research type, source journal, impact factor （IF）, source country, source academy, indication and effect evaluation, comparison of studies between China and other countries. Results and Conclusion： Fifty-three associated reports published in journals of SC1 were selected. The publishing amount of moxibustion reports increased year by year, and majority of these reports were clinical researches and system reviews. IFs of most journals were less than 5. Diseases involved were various; however, the curative effect of moxibustion was still uncertain worldwide. The mechanism of moxibustion was not fully described, either. Further high-quality and convictive researches were still needed to define the curative effect of moxibustion and to increase the SCI publishing amounts.

Advance in the Study of the Mechanisms Regulated by Sphingosine-1-Phosphate

Sphingosine-1-phosphate（S1P） is a bioactive lipid messenger in the cells that regulate gene expression and NF-κB signal pathway through unknown mechanisms.Recently,Cheng Luo,associate professor of DDDC in Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,whose project was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,joined in a research team led by Professor Sarah Spiegel of Virginia Commonwealth University.The team continuously made significant breakthroughs in understanding the regulation mechanism of Sphingosine-1- Phosphate.In September 2009,in a paper published on SCIENCE magazine（Science 2009, 325：1254-7）,they firstly demonstrated that S1P is a physiologically important regulator of histone deacetylases（HDACs）,HDACs are direct intracellular targets of S1P.Furthermore,they identified the mechanism that S1P regulates gene expression through regulating the activity of HDACs.In June 24th,2010,in another paper to be published on NATURE magazine（Nature 2010,June 24th,advance online publication,（doi：10.1038/ nature09128）） which reports the regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway by S1P.They demonstrate that S1P is the missing cofactor for TRAF2（tumour-necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2） and indicate a new paradigm for the regulation of lysine-63- linked poly-ubiquitination.The study also highlight the key role of SphK1 and its product S1P in TNF-αsignalling and the canonical NF-κB activation pathway, and then play crucial role in inflammatory,antiapoptotic and immune processes.The identification of new mechanisms fay which S1P regulates gene expression and TNF and NF-κB signaling pathway will light up the road to develop novel inhibitors that might be useful for treatment of cancer and in- flammatory diseases.