Cryosphere science research and development(R&D) has been strongly committed to public service, integrating natural sciences with socioeconomic impacts. Owing to the current shift from purely natural cryosphere sc...Cryosphere science research and development(R&D) has been strongly committed to public service, integrating natural sciences with socioeconomic impacts. Owing to the current shift from purely natural cryosphere scientific research to linking cryosphere science with socioeconomic and cultural science, cross-disciplinary research in this field is emerging, which advocates future cryosphere science research in this field. Utilizing the cryosphere service function(CSF), this study establishes CSF and its value evaluation system. Cryosphere service valuation can benefit the decisionmakers' and public's awareness of environmental protection. Implementing sustainable CSF utilization strategies and macroeconomic policymaking for global environmental protection will have profound and practical significance as well as avoid environmental degradation while pursuing short-term economic profits and achieving rapid economic development.展开更多
From the aspect of administrative law to analyze the needs of the ＂public interest＂, evaluate the study of traditional administrative law definition of ＂public interest＂ extensive oversight and administrative miss...From the aspect of administrative law to analyze the needs of the ＂public interest＂, evaluate the study of traditional administrative law definition of ＂public interest＂ extensive oversight and administrative mission and different levels of resistance, from the perspective of administrative policy on science policy the role of the administrative process of the formation of the special nature of administrative law, reflecting the interests of the mechanism of the modem state, the role of public opinion and how to grasp the meaning of the people said that other issues were discussed, in order to reveal the modem administrative law, research must pay attention to the value and benefits of diversification, the complexity of the method.展开更多
This paper aims to analyze the Scientific Initiation （SI） as public policy of higher education in Brazil, from meanings and peculiarities of this device in the undergraduate academic＇s formation, created jointly wi...This paper aims to analyze the Scientific Initiation （SI） as public policy of higher education in Brazil, from meanings and peculiarities of this device in the undergraduate academic＇s formation, created jointly with the National Research Council in 1951 currently National Council for Scientific and Technological Development （CNPq）. This corporation emerged from the recognition of the strategic importance of science and necessity of institutionalization of encouragement and fostering research. This is a theoretical bibliographical study and documentary that evidences the contributions and limits of SI while political science training should be part of academic activities to provide the development and support of investigative spirit. The concept of SI was established in universities as an activity to be developed in order to encourage the student to become familiar with scientific practices. The study concluded that SI is based on institutionalized norms within higher education to foster the development of science, and it is considered as an important strategy of expansion of graduate studies in Brazil.展开更多
Citations are a way to show how researchers build on existing research to further evolve research.The citation count is an indication of the influence of specific articles.The importance of citations means that it is ...Citations are a way to show how researchers build on existing research to further evolve research.The citation count is an indication of the influence of specific articles.The importance of citations means that it is valuable to analyze the articles that are cited the most.This research investigates highly-cited articles in physics (1979-2008) using citation data from the ISI Web of Science.In this study,1544205 articles were examined.The objective of the analysis was to identify and list the highly-productive countries,institutions,authors,and fields in physics.Based on the analysis,it was found that the USA is the world leader in physics,and Japan has maintained the highest growth rate in physics research since 1990.Furthermore,the research focus at Bell Labs and IBM has played important roles in physics.A striking fact is that the five most active authors are all Japanese,but the five most active institutions are all in the USA.In fact,only The University of Tokyo is ranked among the top 11 institutions,and only American authors have single-author articles ranked among the top 19 articles.The highest-impact articles are distributed across 25 subjects categories.Physics,Multidisciplinary has 424 articles,and is ranked at No.1 in total articles;followed by Physics,Condensed Matter.The study can provide science policy makers with a picture of innovation capability in this field and help them make better decisions.Hopefully,this study will stimulate useful discussion among scientists and research managers about future research directions.展开更多
基金funded by National Basic Research Program of China (2013CBA01804, 2013CBA01808)Technology Services Network Program (STS-HHS Program) of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe independent subject from Stake Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Cryosphere science research and development(R&D) has been strongly committed to public service, integrating natural sciences with socioeconomic impacts. Owing to the current shift from purely natural cryosphere scientific research to linking cryosphere science with socioeconomic and cultural science, cross-disciplinary research in this field is emerging, which advocates future cryosphere science research in this field. Utilizing the cryosphere service function(CSF), this study establishes CSF and its value evaluation system. Cryosphere service valuation can benefit the decisionmakers' and public's awareness of environmental protection. Implementing sustainable CSF utilization strategies and macroeconomic policymaking for global environmental protection will have profound and practical significance as well as avoid environmental degradation while pursuing short-term economic profits and achieving rapid economic development.
文摘From the aspect of administrative law to analyze the needs of the ＂public interest＂, evaluate the study of traditional administrative law definition of ＂public interest＂ extensive oversight and administrative mission and different levels of resistance, from the perspective of administrative policy on science policy the role of the administrative process of the formation of the special nature of administrative law, reflecting the interests of the mechanism of the modem state, the role of public opinion and how to grasp the meaning of the people said that other issues were discussed, in order to reveal the modem administrative law, research must pay attention to the value and benefits of diversification, the complexity of the method.
文摘This paper aims to analyze the Scientific Initiation （SI） as public policy of higher education in Brazil, from meanings and peculiarities of this device in the undergraduate academic＇s formation, created jointly with the National Research Council in 1951 currently National Council for Scientific and Technological Development （CNPq）. This corporation emerged from the recognition of the strategic importance of science and necessity of institutionalization of encouragement and fostering research. This is a theoretical bibliographical study and documentary that evidences the contributions and limits of SI while political science training should be part of academic activities to provide the development and support of investigative spirit. The concept of SI was established in universities as an activity to be developed in order to encourage the student to become familiar with scientific practices. The study concluded that SI is based on institutionalized norms within higher education to foster the development of science, and it is considered as an important strategy of expansion of graduate studies in Brazil.
文摘Citations are a way to show how researchers build on existing research to further evolve research.The citation count is an indication of the influence of specific articles.The importance of citations means that it is valuable to analyze the articles that are cited the most.This research investigates highly-cited articles in physics (1979-2008) using citation data from the ISI Web of Science.In this study,1544205 articles were examined.The objective of the analysis was to identify and list the highly-productive countries,institutions,authors,and fields in physics.Based on the analysis,it was found that the USA is the world leader in physics,and Japan has maintained the highest growth rate in physics research since 1990.Furthermore,the research focus at Bell Labs and IBM has played important roles in physics.A striking fact is that the five most active authors are all Japanese,but the five most active institutions are all in the USA.In fact,only The University of Tokyo is ranked among the top 11 institutions,and only American authors have single-author articles ranked among the top 19 articles.The highest-impact articles are distributed across 25 subjects categories.Physics,Multidisciplinary has 424 articles,and is ranked at No.1 in total articles;followed by Physics,Condensed Matter.The study can provide science policy makers with a picture of innovation capability in this field and help them make better decisions.Hopefully,this study will stimulate useful discussion among scientists and research managers about future research directions.
