科学环的断裂:科社与国际共运学科的理论建构与理论检验

科社与国际共运学科的研究拓展必须以建构和检验科社与国际共运学科的理论为目的,而建构和检验科社与国际共运学科的理论体系也必须以研究领域的不断拓展为基础和前提,从而形成一个完整的科学环。如果在学科研究拓展的过程中不以建构和检验本学科的理论体系为出发点或目的,或在建构和检验本学科理论之时不以生动的现实为原材料,必然出现科学环的断裂,压缩科社与国际共运学科的生存空间,加剧学科的生存危机。

EFFICIENT METHOD FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION BY CONSIDERING UNCERTAINTY

A new reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization （RBMDO） framework is proposed by combining the single-loop-based reliability analysis （SLBRA） method with multidisciplinary feasible （MDF） method. The Kriging approximate model with updating is introduced to reduce the computational cost of MDF caused by the complex structure. The computational efficiency is remarkably improved as the lack of iterative process during reliability analysis. Special attention is paid to a turbine blade design optimization by adopting the proposed method. Results show that the method is much more efficient than the commonly used double-loop based RBMDO method. It is feasible and efficient to apply the method to the engineering design.

Isothermal Microcalorimetry:A Review of Applications in Soil and Environmental Sciences

Isothermal microcalorimetry provides thermodynamic and kinetic information on various reactions and processes and is thereby a powerful tool to elucidate their mechanisms. Certain improvement in isothermal microcalorimetry with regard to the studies on soil and environmental sciences is briefly described. This review mainly focuses on the use of microcalorimetry in the determination of soil microbial activity, monitoring the toxicity and biodegradation of soil organic pollutants, the risk evaluation of metals and metalloids, the heat effect of ion exchange and adsorption in soil, and environmental researches. Promising prospects for the applications of the technique in the field are also discussed.

Heading toward Artificial Intelligence 2.0

With the popularization of the Intemet, permeation of sensor networks, emergence of big data, increase in size of the information community, and interlinking and fusion of data and information throughout human society, physical space, and cyberspace, the information environment related to the current development of artificial intelligence （AI） has profoundly changed. AI faces important adjustments, and scientific foundations are confronted with new breakthroughs, as AI enters a new stage： AI 2.0. This paper briefly reviews the 60-year developmental history of AI, analyzes the external environment promoting the formation of AI 2.0 along with changes in goals, and describes both the beginning of the technology and the core idea behind AI 2.0 development. Furthermore, based on combined social demands and the information environment that exists in relation to Chinese development, suggestions on the develoDment of Al 2.0 are given.

The Parable of the Chicken House： Charles S. Peirce, Complex/Dynamic Systems, and Environmental Science

This paper describes how scientist-philosopher Charles S. Peirce （1839-1914） develops theories that lead eventually to contemporary complex/dynamic systems. In both Peirce and complexity theory, possible bridges appear between analogical/reductionist representations and metaphorical/creative symbols. In complex/dynamic terms, Peirce＇s scientific theories become a conceptual egg that hatches a century later in complex systems, which is relevant in turn to environmental science and engineering.

The Art and Science of Environment and Business in the 21 st Century

Business is a trade or transaction that takes place between two individuals or groups, to achieve a goal or objective The aim of this paper is to explore the art and science of environment and business in the 21 st century, which has an impact on perceptions in a changing business environment. The qualitative method of research is employed and the findings indicate that there is constant innovation to change business

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Progress on Coastal Flooding 1995–2016

Global research progress on coastal flooding was studied using a bibliometric evaluation of publications listed in the Web of Science extended scientific citation index. There was substantial growth in coastal flooding research output, with increasing publications, a higher collaboration index, and more references during the 1995–2016 period. The USA has taken a dominant position in coastal flooding research, with the US Geological Survey leading the publications ranking. Research collaborations at institutional scales have become more important than those at global scales. International collaborative publications consistently drew more citations than those from a single country. Furthermore, coastal flooding research included combinations of multi-disciplinary categories, including ‘Geology' and ‘Environmental Sciences & Ecology'. The most important coastal flooding research sites were wetlands and estuaries. While numerical modeling and 3 S(Remote sensing, RS; Geography information systems, GIS; Global positioning systems, GPS) technology were the most commonly used methods for studying coastal flooding, Lidar gained in popularity. The vulnerability and adaptation of coastal environments, their resilience after flooding, and ecosystem services function showed increases in interest.

Communicating Geologically-Underpinned Issues： Drivers and Mechanisms

Geologists can offer key insights in regard to several high profile environmental issues that are faced today. At the same time, like scientists in most other disciplines, many geologists are not naturally adept at communicating in an effective manner with non-geologists. This paper firstly identifies the more subtle facets of topical major issues （the drivers） where geologists can contribute important perspectives. Next, the detractions to effective communication are identified, along with the recommended means to overcome them （the mechanisms）. Many topical issues are in fact geologically-underpinned （e.g. obviously, geohazards）, so geologists ought to have something meaningful to say. By the same token, if geologists have difficulty communicating with other scientists, how can they possibly hope to communicate with journalists and with the public at large？ Proper scientific contextualization is an ideal starting point, but this fundamental framing step does not always suit protagonists who have non-scientific agendas. Thus, geologists not only have to convey their science （geology） in an understandable way, but to do so in a truly effective manner must recognize and take into account possible predispositions that their audience may have.

Urban Sprawl and Related Problems: Bibliometric Analysis and Refined Analysis from 1991 to 2011

To shed light on the general patterns and trends in urban sprawl research,and to provide reference for future study,bibliometric analysis and refined analysis are conducted for publications in this area from 1991 to 2011.The general publication output,the global geographical distribution of the authors,the funding and institutions involved,the research areas,and the source titles are analyzed and discussed.Scholars in the United States and China have produced most of the documents in urban sprawl and these two countries are also the largest contributors in terms of funding and institutions.′Environmental Sciences&Ecology′,′Urban Studies′,and′Geography′are the most common research areas,and the journal titled Urban Studies has contributed the most articles.Furthermore,the refined analyses on the 500 top-cited and most relevant publications have revealed that research on urban sprawl is closely associated with the categories of′Urban form and development′,′Land use/land development′and′environment/ecology/biology′.Conclusions are made with respect to the basic paradigm of research on urban sprawl.The multi-disciplinary research into urban sprawl are expected to be more diversified and integrated.

Remote Monitoring of Expansion of Aquaculture Ponds Along Coastal Region of the Yellow River Delta from 1983 to 2015

Aquaculture ponds are one of the fastest-growing land use types in valuable and fertile coastal areas and have caused serious environmental problems. Quantitative assessment of the extent, spatial distribution, and dynamics of aquaculture ponds is of utmost importance for sustainable economic development and scientific management of land and water resources in the coastal area. An object-oriented classification approach was applied to Landsat images acquired over three decades to investigate the long-term change of aquaculture ponds in the coastal region of the Yellow River Delta. The results indicated that the aquaculture ponds in the study area undergone a sharp expansion from 40.38 km^2 in 1983 to 1406.89 km^2 in 2015, and the fast expansion occurred during the period of 2010–2015 and 1990–2000. Natural wetlands, especially mudflat, and cropland were main land use types contributing to the increase of aquaculture ponds. The patches of aquaculture ponds were consequently prevalence in the north of the Yellow River Estuary and landscape metrics indicated an increase of the aquaculture ponds of the study area in the quantity and complexity. The expansion of aquaculture ponds inevitably had negative effects on the coastal environment, including loss of natural wetlands, water pollution and land subsidence, etc. The results from this study provide baseline data and valuable information for efficiently planning and managing aquaculture practices and for effectively implementing adequate regulations and protection measures.

The Role of Aerosol in Climate Change,the Environment,and Human Health

Aerosol is an important component of the atmosphere,and its source,composition,distribution,and effects are highly complicated.Governments and scientists have given much attention to aerosol problems,and it has become a hot topic due to the important role it plays in climate change and the Earth's environment.In this paper,1) the importance of aerosol in climate change,the atmospheric environment,and human health is summarized;2) the recent serious problems of aerosol pollution and the shortage of current aerosol research in China are pointed out;and 3) the necessity to enhance aerosol research in China is emphasized.

Aviation environmental technology and science

Expatiating on the impact of aviation on the environment and aviation environmental protection projects are expounded, and analyzing on the atmosphere pollution and effects on the aviation noise of aircraft discharge. Researching the approach to control aircraft exhaust pollution and noise pollution, and proposing the technology and management measures to reduce air pollution.

Study on the environmental information disclosure of Chinese forestry enterprises

Environmental accounting is a kind of accounting which focuses on the compensation for the resources spending. It combines the theories of environmental economics and traditional accounting and uses scientific as well as systematic ways to coordinate the development of economics and the protection of environment. It is just in the primary process for forestry enterprises in China to introduce the research and practice of environmental accounting. Based on discussion about the principle of environmental information disclosure and analysis on the current situation of the environmental information disclosure of the forestry enterprises, this paper attempted to propose that the supplementary report mode of information disclosure should be appropriate for the forestry enterprises, which provide the balance sheet of environment, the income statement of environment besides the original three financial report to reflect the general environmental information of the enterprise.

The Disastrous Lifeworld： A Phenomenological Consideration of Safety, Resilience, and Vulnerability

The lifeworld is, according to Husserl, the horizon of all our experiences, in the sense that it is the background environment of human being＇s competences, practices, and attitudes. The lifewofld is the intersubjective, pre-given in the ontie sense, and immediately perceived world of everyday life. Although Husserl has distinguished the lifeworld from the objective world that natural science describes with mathematical methods, we cannot divide the world on the practical level into the perceived world of ordinary life and the scientific world. The characteristic of human beings is that they live in the environment which they have enormously changed. Modem science has accelerated this tendency： the contemporary world is constructed so deeply scientifically and technologically. Accordingly, as Ulrich Beck pointed out, the risk of the technologically constructed world is often invisible/unperceivable. The disaster at Fukushima nuclear power plants is a terrible testament of this kind of risk. In order for a land to become the lifeworld of meaningful human interactions, the land should be first of all safe and livable for all of us. The risk calculation made by Tokyo Electric Power Company was shown to be sloppy and deceptive. The contemporary techno-science should be democratically governed and watched by all kinds of stakeholders, and never be left it to the specialists of science. For re-establishing the livable and sustainable lifeworld, safety, resilience, and vulnerability should be the fundamental values. And, the autonomy of the local residents, including the most vulnerable people, through the democratization of the techno-science must be the fundamental value to establish and protect such a safe environment.

Synergetics as a Positivistic ＂Trick＂ for Philosophy

This paper substantiates the idea that particular science reflects only a certain angle of a complex model of the world. Guidance as to ＂adding＂ particular science data in order to achieve a holistic picture of the world is a philosophical outlook. The meaning of each relatively closed system is revealed only in the context of a more capacious system. According to the author, as the material world itself, its epistemic models as well are built according to the principle of ＂matryoshka dolls.＂ The rational and irrational are discussed in the paper as equal moments of scientific knowledge. Contrary to the importance given to randomness in synergy, the author considers if it is possible to find out the causes of all events. In order to do this, other viewpoints and structure levels should be considered. There is a hidden order in every chaos, and that is revealed only in a certain situation. The main issue is taking into account the counter action of the system with the environment.

Advances in the Marine Photochemistry of Some Important Transition Metal Elements

Marine inorganic photochemistry, as one of the important branches of marine chemistry, is significantly connected with marine biology, marine ecology, marine geochemistry and marine environment, and plays an important role in the development of marine sciences. To date, lots of investigations in the field have been conducted home and abroad. As for the following development of marine inorganic photochemistry, it is greatly of significance to summarize these research works. This paper detailedly summarizes the present research progress in the photochemistry of Fe, Mn and Cu, with an emphasis on investigations on photochemical processes which could affect existing forms of these metal elements in seawater. The problems and shortcomings in the study field are pointed out and some suggestions for the future study are put forward.

The Application of Computer Technology in Music Education

computer music is a new type of multi-disciplinary integration of computer technology with traditional music, to meet the development needs of music education refom.Music education in the integration of computer music technology is imminent. The articles make the analysis on teaching mode of computer music courses and teaching environment constructed, and the paper proposed some viewpoint on the necessity and feasibility of computer music technology teaching,positive and negative impacts and future trends.The application of computer technology to music teaching in schools, not only solve the traditional teaching of the long-troubled, and can receive better teaching effect, which has a very important show significance. I hope to play a guidance and reference promotion and teaching of computer music technology in-depth.

Thought Provokers, Insurgent Before Emergency --Technological Art as Awareness-Raising Agent of the Emancipated Spectator

This paper analyzes the impact of technological art as an agent for raising awareness in artwork spectators of ecological-environmental issues. It addresses the evolution in the conception of the artistic fact related to science, and attempts to define the spectator＇s new role. The present document will look into the science, an and technology triad as a means to communicate issues our planet is facing through scientific dissemination focusing on the bio-art avenue for collaboration. Finally, we will outline our concept of an as a revolutionary and thoughtful form poured through our works as artistic collective expressions.

Scientific Basis and Technological Path of Regional Strategic Environmental Assessment

The study tries to set up a system to extract strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in exploitation of regional development based on the present situation of environmental assessment in China. First, the article summarizes the emphasis and deficiency of international academic community’s SEA research in the past 10 years. Based on this, the article puts forward the concept and evaluation principles of regional strategic environmental assessment (RSEA). Then the article expounds the necessity of carrying out RSEA. After that, the article discusses in detail the process of RSEA, which includes defining evaluation scope, describing regional background, combing strategic behavior, designing development scenarios, predicting the pressure on environment, assessing environmental impact, screening alternatives and proposing regulation and control schemes.