AIM:To quantitatively assess the relationship between coffee consumption and incidence of pancreatic cancer in a meta-analysis of cohort studies. METHODS:We searched MEDLINE,EMBASE,Science Citation Index Expanded and ...AIM:To quantitatively assess the relationship between coffee consumption and incidence of pancreatic cancer in a meta-analysis of cohort studies. METHODS:We searched MEDLINE,EMBASE,Science Citation Index Expanded and bibliographies of retrieved articles.Studies were included if they reported relative risks(RRs)and corresponding 95%CIs of pancreatic cancer with respect to frequency of coffee intake.We performed random-effects meta-analyses and metaregressions of study-specific incremental estimates to determine the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with a 1 cup/d increment in coffee consumption. RESULTS:Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, which included 671 080 individuals(1496 cancer events) with an average follow-up of 14.9 years.Compared with individuals who did not drink or seldom drank coffee per day,the pooled RR of pancreatic cancer was 0.82 (95%CI:0.69-0.95)for regular coffee drinkers,0.86 (0.76-0.96)for low to moderate coffee drinkers,and 0.68(0.51-0.84)for high drinkers.In subgroup analyses,we noted that,coffee drinking was associated witha reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in men,while this association was not seen in women.These associations were also similar in studies from North America,Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region. CONCLUSION:Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that there is an inverse relationship between coffee drinking and risk of pancreatic cancer.展开更多
This paper aims to quantitatively assess water losses of Badovc Lake-Kosovo based on both water balance of the lake and water hydrochemistry. This attempt was strongly prompt by both the importance of this lake for wa...This paper aims to quantitatively assess water losses of Badovc Lake-Kosovo based on both water balance of the lake and water hydrochemistry. This attempt was strongly prompt by both the importance of this lake for water supply of Prishtina city and the lack of water. According to lake water balance, a water loss of 3,738,905 m^3 and 1,722,552 m^3 for the hydrologic year 2014 and the period January-May （2015） was evaluated. These consistent data favour the opinion that a continuous groundwater outflow from the lake is present and it is conditioned by the intensively developed fracture system in the lake basement formations. This was also supported by the chemical data （chloride, sulphate, hardness and electric conductivity etc.） of the water. Water from the leakages on the right side of the dam shows the same chemical signature as the water from the lake. Whereas, water from the piezometer, monitoring well and the gallery of Hajvalia mine show similar values with those of the water from the lake. The calculations of the chloride mass balance showed that the fractions of lake and rainfall waters in the water mixture of Hajvalia mine were 67% and 33% respectively.展开更多
The prevention of fatigue damages is a crucial issue for NPPs （nuclear power plants）. The AFC （AR.EVA fatigue concept） provides for a multi-step and mnlti-disciplinary process against fatigue during the design and...The prevention of fatigue damages is a crucial issue for NPPs （nuclear power plants）. The AFC （AR.EVA fatigue concept） provides for a multi-step and mnlti-disciplinary process against fatigue during the design and operating phase of NPPs. The entire process of fatigne design is based on an installed FAMOS （fatigue monitoring system）. In this way, realistic load data are available to manage the component ageing and enable the optimization of operating modes. The measured temperatures are processed via a FFE （fast fatigue evaluation）. Thus, an online fatigue evaluation of the cumulative usage factor is performed after every operational cycle. This procedure gives a first fatigue status of the power plant. Furthermore, a DFC （detailed fatigue calculation） conforming to the code rules is carried out in order to determine the state of the plant at the highest loaded positions. These finite element analyses include determination of thermal transient and subsequent stresses and strains. Fatigue environmental factors are taken into account in these studies.展开更多
文摘AIM:To quantitatively assess the relationship between coffee consumption and incidence of pancreatic cancer in a meta-analysis of cohort studies. METHODS:We searched MEDLINE,EMBASE,Science Citation Index Expanded and bibliographies of retrieved articles.Studies were included if they reported relative risks(RRs)and corresponding 95%CIs of pancreatic cancer with respect to frequency of coffee intake.We performed random-effects meta-analyses and metaregressions of study-specific incremental estimates to determine the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with a 1 cup/d increment in coffee consumption. RESULTS:Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, which included 671 080 individuals(1496 cancer events) with an average follow-up of 14.9 years.Compared with individuals who did not drink or seldom drank coffee per day,the pooled RR of pancreatic cancer was 0.82 (95%CI:0.69-0.95)for regular coffee drinkers,0.86 (0.76-0.96)for low to moderate coffee drinkers,and 0.68(0.51-0.84)for high drinkers.In subgroup analyses,we noted that,coffee drinking was associated witha reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in men,while this association was not seen in women.These associations were also similar in studies from North America,Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region. CONCLUSION:Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that there is an inverse relationship between coffee drinking and risk of pancreatic cancer.
文摘This paper aims to quantitatively assess water losses of Badovc Lake-Kosovo based on both water balance of the lake and water hydrochemistry. This attempt was strongly prompt by both the importance of this lake for water supply of Prishtina city and the lack of water. According to lake water balance, a water loss of 3,738,905 m^3 and 1,722,552 m^3 for the hydrologic year 2014 and the period January-May （2015） was evaluated. These consistent data favour the opinion that a continuous groundwater outflow from the lake is present and it is conditioned by the intensively developed fracture system in the lake basement formations. This was also supported by the chemical data （chloride, sulphate, hardness and electric conductivity etc.） of the water. Water from the leakages on the right side of the dam shows the same chemical signature as the water from the lake. Whereas, water from the piezometer, monitoring well and the gallery of Hajvalia mine show similar values with those of the water from the lake. The calculations of the chloride mass balance showed that the fractions of lake and rainfall waters in the water mixture of Hajvalia mine were 67% and 33% respectively.
文摘The prevention of fatigue damages is a crucial issue for NPPs （nuclear power plants）. The AFC （AR.EVA fatigue concept） provides for a multi-step and mnlti-disciplinary process against fatigue during the design and operating phase of NPPs. The entire process of fatigne design is based on an installed FAMOS （fatigue monitoring system）. In this way, realistic load data are available to manage the component ageing and enable the optimization of operating modes. The measured temperatures are processed via a FFE （fast fatigue evaluation）. Thus, an online fatigue evaluation of the cumulative usage factor is performed after every operational cycle. This procedure gives a first fatigue status of the power plant. Furthermore, a DFC （detailed fatigue calculation） conforming to the code rules is carried out in order to determine the state of the plant at the highest loaded positions. These finite element analyses include determination of thermal transient and subsequent stresses and strains. Fatigue environmental factors are taken into account in these studies.
