The paper discusses several wide-spread misunderstandings of Kuhn＇s theory of scientific development, most prominently the ascription that he conceives of scientific development as irrational. The core of this ascrip...The paper discusses several wide-spread misunderstandings of Kuhn＇s theory of scientific development, most prominently the ascription that he conceives of scientific development as irrational. The core of this ascription is an assessment of incommensurability as implying the lack of any rational possibility of theory comparison. This is supposed to be due to Gestalt switches and a quasi-religious element of conversion in theory change. Accordingly, scientific revolutions cannot be a serious matter for philosophical analysis; they furthermore foreclose any scientific progress. It is shown that such images of Kuhn＇s theory rest on deep misunderstandings that are partly due to Kuhn＇s writing style.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to describe the challenges of elite interviewing and identify key factors that ensure success for qualitative researchers. The authors draw on their own experiences of interviewing powerfu...The purpose of this paper is to describe the challenges of elite interviewing and identify key factors that ensure success for qualitative researchers. The authors draw on their own experiences of interviewing powerful and influential members of government and various professions as well as tips from experienced researchers from the fields of social sciences and health. They identify five essential steps to successful interviewing： （1） identifying the key informants; （2） negotiating access; （3） background research and preparation; （4） site selection, presentation questioning approach, and execution; and （5） follow-up. Each of them is discussed in detail. The authors argue that the most important quality for the elite interviewer is self-management which involves developing an individual style of interviewing that is responsive to setbacks and unexpected opportunities展开更多
Today, more people are riding bicycles than ever before--and the numbers keep growing. This is due in part to a greater awareness of environmental issues and growing health consciousness. Another factor driving the in...Today, more people are riding bicycles than ever before--and the numbers keep growing. This is due in part to a greater awareness of environmental issues and growing health consciousness. Another factor driving the increasing number of women bicyclists today is many designer bicycles now available. Still, these bicycles reflect the subjective sensibilities of their designers, and there is no guarantee that they will always match an increasingly diverse array of consumer values. In response to this challenge, our study sets out to build a bicycle design model based on fashion styles popular with young women in their 20s. Fashion analysis and bicycle design analysis used statistical science, such as cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. After that, we designed a new bicycle using computer-aided design （CAD） from the analysis results. Finally, the approach model developed in this study was confirmed to be effective by an interview with the company.展开更多
Sense of science and technology has become the trend of modem design, but the commonly acknowledged sense of science and technology is different from science and technology itself. Starting from machine aesthetics and...Sense of science and technology has become the trend of modem design, but the commonly acknowledged sense of science and technology is different from science and technology itself. Starting from machine aesthetics and high-tech style, combined with the changing process of the sense of science and technology, it analyzes the causes and related social factors, style characteristics and manifestations of the sense of science and technology, as well as the inherent relationship of multi-angle analysis technology and the sense of science and technology. It illustrates the social value and defects of artistic expression of the sense of science and technology and reflects on the connection and difference between science and technology on the one hand and the sense of science and technology on the other hand.展开更多
Politeness principle, cooperation principle, social protocols, guidelines on the session, face preservation contract theory, as well as ＂politeness five criteria＂ of Chinese characteristics, and a series of principl...Politeness principle, cooperation principle, social protocols, guidelines on the session, face preservation contract theory, as well as ＂politeness five criteria＂ of Chinese characteristics, and a series of principles and theories related to domestic and foreign research polite language provides a solid foundation, rich nutrients and scientific way of thinking for Chinese ＂polite language＂. This article combined with stylistic letter, takes ＂Fu Lei Letter＂ as the corpus to study online behavior polite language.展开更多
This qualitative-dominant mixed study used content analysis, interviews, and survey to examine if first-year university undergraduates taking English language academic writing courses consider prior knowledge from hig...This qualitative-dominant mixed study used content analysis, interviews, and survey to examine if first-year university undergraduates taking English language academic writing courses consider prior knowledge from high school English language five-paragraph essay writing style helpful. Sample included 67 first year university undergraduates. All the 67 students considered prior knowledge of the high school five-paragraph essay writing style helpful. They believed that it facilitated a transfer of learning in the first-year university undergraduate academic writing course. However, only 15 out of the respondents, who reported that prior knowledge of the high school English language five-paragraph essay writing style was helpful, also reported that they are level-appropriate competent in the first-year university undergraduate English language academic writing courses after one academic year. As such, essay-writing in high school offers students some foundation-knowledge to succeed in academic writing in universities. Further findings showed that students often delve into essay or academic writing without proper planning. Thus, it is recommended that universities introduce a bridge course specifically to address academic deficiency in reading and writing for all first year undergraduates upon admission into the university.展开更多
Attention should be given to the transformation in English teaching at the newly-established colleges during the transition stage. This paper attempts to deal with the teaching models and learning styles at the newly-...Attention should be given to the transformation in English teaching at the newly-established colleges during the transition stage. This paper attempts to deal with the teaching models and learning styles at the newly-established colleges in the hope that such colleges promote the teaching according to the New College English Teaching Curriculum Requirements(For Trial Implementation).展开更多
文摘The paper discusses several wide-spread misunderstandings of Kuhn＇s theory of scientific development, most prominently the ascription that he conceives of scientific development as irrational. The core of this ascription is an assessment of incommensurability as implying the lack of any rational possibility of theory comparison. This is supposed to be due to Gestalt switches and a quasi-religious element of conversion in theory change. Accordingly, scientific revolutions cannot be a serious matter for philosophical analysis; they furthermore foreclose any scientific progress. It is shown that such images of Kuhn＇s theory rest on deep misunderstandings that are partly due to Kuhn＇s writing style.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to describe the challenges of elite interviewing and identify key factors that ensure success for qualitative researchers. The authors draw on their own experiences of interviewing powerful and influential members of government and various professions as well as tips from experienced researchers from the fields of social sciences and health. They identify five essential steps to successful interviewing： （1） identifying the key informants; （2） negotiating access; （3） background research and preparation; （4） site selection, presentation questioning approach, and execution; and （5） follow-up. Each of them is discussed in detail. The authors argue that the most important quality for the elite interviewer is self-management which involves developing an individual style of interviewing that is responsive to setbacks and unexpected opportunities
文摘Today, more people are riding bicycles than ever before--and the numbers keep growing. This is due in part to a greater awareness of environmental issues and growing health consciousness. Another factor driving the increasing number of women bicyclists today is many designer bicycles now available. Still, these bicycles reflect the subjective sensibilities of their designers, and there is no guarantee that they will always match an increasingly diverse array of consumer values. In response to this challenge, our study sets out to build a bicycle design model based on fashion styles popular with young women in their 20s. Fashion analysis and bicycle design analysis used statistical science, such as cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. After that, we designed a new bicycle using computer-aided design （CAD） from the analysis results. Finally, the approach model developed in this study was confirmed to be effective by an interview with the company.
文摘Sense of science and technology has become the trend of modem design, but the commonly acknowledged sense of science and technology is different from science and technology itself. Starting from machine aesthetics and high-tech style, combined with the changing process of the sense of science and technology, it analyzes the causes and related social factors, style characteristics and manifestations of the sense of science and technology, as well as the inherent relationship of multi-angle analysis technology and the sense of science and technology. It illustrates the social value and defects of artistic expression of the sense of science and technology and reflects on the connection and difference between science and technology on the one hand and the sense of science and technology on the other hand.
文摘Politeness principle, cooperation principle, social protocols, guidelines on the session, face preservation contract theory, as well as ＂politeness five criteria＂ of Chinese characteristics, and a series of principles and theories related to domestic and foreign research polite language provides a solid foundation, rich nutrients and scientific way of thinking for Chinese ＂polite language＂. This article combined with stylistic letter, takes ＂Fu Lei Letter＂ as the corpus to study online behavior polite language.
文摘This qualitative-dominant mixed study used content analysis, interviews, and survey to examine if first-year university undergraduates taking English language academic writing courses consider prior knowledge from high school English language five-paragraph essay writing style helpful. Sample included 67 first year university undergraduates. All the 67 students considered prior knowledge of the high school five-paragraph essay writing style helpful. They believed that it facilitated a transfer of learning in the first-year university undergraduate academic writing course. However, only 15 out of the respondents, who reported that prior knowledge of the high school English language five-paragraph essay writing style was helpful, also reported that they are level-appropriate competent in the first-year university undergraduate English language academic writing courses after one academic year. As such, essay-writing in high school offers students some foundation-knowledge to succeed in academic writing in universities. Further findings showed that students often delve into essay or academic writing without proper planning. Thus, it is recommended that universities introduce a bridge course specifically to address academic deficiency in reading and writing for all first year undergraduates upon admission into the university.
基金This paper is supported by the Educational Bureau of Anhui Province ,the project number of Key Provincial Teaching Research Project:2007jyxml116 .
文摘Attention should be given to the transformation in English teaching at the newly-established colleges during the transition stage. This paper attempts to deal with the teaching models and learning styles at the newly-established colleges in the hope that such colleges promote the teaching according to the New College English Teaching Curriculum Requirements(For Trial Implementation).
