谈电视节目的“科教性”

电视节目的“科教性”即电视节目的“科技含量”,寓科教于声画之中。电视节目何来“科技含量”呢?谈到这个问题,我不由想到了今年洪水灾害期间中央电视台的抗洪救灾报道。人们注意到,我国长江中下游地区、嫩江流域、松花江流域发生特大洪水,全国军民奋力抗灾之时,中央电视台《新闻联播》、《焦点访谈》等节目对此都做了高频率、大规模、全方位的报道。这之中有一点是不应忽视的,即科技抗洪的威力同样在电视报道中得以充分显现。通过电视,人们耳闻目睹了从汛情预报到险情排查所运用的各种科学技术手段,如防汛计算机网络、航空航天遥感系统、堤坝隐患电法探测等。通过画面和解说,人们感受到抗洪前线主战场水利专家和科技人员审时度势的判断和决策。封堵九江溃堤,正是根据专家组提出的“溃口封堵闭气实施方案”。

张謇的南通园林建设实践及影响

张謇在近代南通的园林建设实践不仅具有前瞻性的规划,而且重视园林建设的科教作用和互动性,并融入生态理念。张謇的园林建设实践既受到了中西文化的影响,也与他的实业救国实践息息相关,对当代南通城市建设产生了重要影响。

The Various Description of Biodiversity in Compulsory Education Textbooks

We intend to establish how species diversity is dealt with, within the study of the ecosystem, in books for the 4th year of Compulsory Secondary Education, ESO （15-16 year-old students）. The analysis was carried out using a key issues dossier based on school science, which not only provides a description of reality, but also introduces a theoretical explanatory framework. Regarding species diversity, we focused on the descriptive approach, considering the link between diversity and trophic relationships, ecological succession and ecosystem stability through change, consequences for biodiversity of human activities and mechanisms to face such consequences; and on the explanatory perspective, which provides an interpretative answer for all the aspects previously mentioned. The findings drawn from textbooks show that biodiversity is linked both to the study of the ecosystem and to the impact of human societies on its maintenance. However, such study is particularly focused on the descriptive, rather than on the explanatory level. So, teachers should improve the study of biodiversity foresting a balance between descriptive and explanatory level.

Educational Situation： Some Preliminary Remarks on a Basic Concept of Education Studies

When educationalists are asked to define their own academic discipline of Education Studies, they often struggle to reach a common understanding. From an epistemological point of view, this indeterminacy leads back to the complex considerations involved in establishing a basic concept of education. In this article, the author explores in a preliminary fashion the possibility of identifying the essence of education in its performativity as an occurrence in context that always precedes and supersedes our theoretical considerations of it. Education is not to be understood primarily as something conceptual （theory） but rather in terms of its significance as a situational event （reality）. Educational reality thus informs educational theory and this relationship implies a knowledge-ethical surplus of the former as an inexhaustible source for the latter.

A Conversation About the Sacred in Art, From Kandinsky to the Present

The relationship between art and spiritual are explored by reviewing the published conversation, beginning with Kandinsky＇s On the Spiritual in Art, then viewing highlights from the classic text Art, Creativity and the Sacred and ending with excerpts from the journal Image. The ways in which art is similar to religion are discussed. Pertinent concepts are explored, with awareness of shifting definitions and application of these concepts. This conversation seems to present a consensus that there are aspects of art that overlap with the spiritual or religious. There is not, however, consensus on what these aspects are or their significance to society, as perspectives and understanding continue to change with growing complexities and multiple viewpoints within this interdisciplinary field. It does seem to bring into question the distinction between the spiritual and the secular.

Complexity Decision Making and General Systems Theory： An Educational Perspective

The aim of this paper is to look at some important educational aspects of complexity decision making m a mummsc^pnnary manner from the perspective of General Systems Theory （GST）. First, the major issues involved in complexity management and decision making are summarized as they are viewed in literature, and a review of GST and Systems Thinking is given. The discussion in the paper is developed within the context of GST in general, but concentrated on decision making in the three trends of GST： Operations Research, Cybernetics, and Managerial Cybernetics. Here, the role of Cybernetics in complexity decision making is particularly emphasized. The discussion is then extended to the latest developments in complexity decision making in Science of Complexity and Soft Systems Thinking. The study also includes a framework which is expected to guide instructors who are planning to offer contemporary courses on decision making. The framework provides some clues for assessing the level of complexity for a given situation and selecting the appropriate methodology for solution development.

Explore the intrinsic link between the ideological and political education and the mental health education

College students＇ ideological and political education and psychological health education have established contact and differences. In the actual work, Mental Health Education must play a role in Ideological and Political Education in promoting the combination of both, to improve science, effectiveness, pertinence of college students ＇ ideological and political education.

Vampire Essentiality Derivation From Religious Beliefs

This paper detracts vampires＇ traits from definitions by famous biblical exegetists and alike. Based on accounts of vampire-synonymous species from the Holy Bible （2000）, The Vampire Book （2010）, Encyclopedia of Vampire Mythology （2010）, etc., it attempts an analysis of essential vampire features derivation from religious beliefs with the aim to amply apprecitate vampire culture and paint evidentially-built vampire portraits as against totally self-imagined traits.

Biogeography and Evolutionary Factors Determine Genetic Differentiation of Pinus mugo(Turra) in the Tatra Mountains(Central Europe)

Inter Simple Sequence Repeats （ISSR） markers were used to assess genetic diversity within and among populations of dwarf mountain pine （Pinus rnugo Turra） growing in the Tatra National Park （UNESCO Biosphere Reserve） in Southern Poland （Central Europe）. The analyzed population belongs to two different geobotanical sub-districts： the Western and High Tatras. The level of genetic diversity assessed in this study for P. mugo is generally comparable to that reported for the other pine species in the Pinaceae family assessed by ISSR markers, especially with respect to Nei＇s genetic diversity and the percentage of polymorphic bands. Bayesian analysis clustered the analyzed populations into two groups, corresponding to their geobotanical locations in the Tatras. Significant divergence between the two genetical clusters was supported by the results of Analysis of Molecular Variance （AMOVA）. According to the Mantel test, there was no correlation between the genetic distance and the geographical distance. The present study confirms the existence of two genetically distinct dusters of P. mugo populations in the Tatra Mountains. The observed high population-genetic differentiation of P.mugo in the Tatras could be attributed to several genetic, environmental and historical factors occurring in this mountain area.

The Social Function of Art in the Macedonian Contemporary Society

The recent social processes that are striking the Republic of Macedonia are distorting the nature of many sophisticated socio-anthropological phenomena, including the artistic practices. Thus, we will try to briefly elaborate on several tendencies about contemporary art in the Republic of Macedonia, by ＂screening＂ the theoretical discourses on the issue and by critical perception of recent practices concerning the field. Today＇s views on the creative practices, incorporated in ＂conceptual＂ packages that should develop a new culture of living, are manifested in the creative industries, have been just recently recognized in the Macedonian society. The ＂propaganda＂ character of the treatment of artistic practice changes only formally the media of their manifestations. The idea about the possible and necessary engaged attitude of art towards society had its place also in the modern as well in the postmodern concept of art. In the Republic of Macedonia this ＂ideological＂ attitude towards art regretfully has also become the main mechanism for political domination, manifested mainly in architecture and landscaping of public space. The commercialisation of art supported by the media imposes the discourses of popular art over the content of high art. It seems that art is represented in the field of ＂education and science＂ in the Republic of Macedonia only when certain pragmatic, frequently politicised, interests need to be satisfied.

The Need for Music as a Learner＇s Characteristic Affecting the Effects of Educational Films

This paper is about the development of applications for a more specific and therefore more effective teaching and instructional technology usage in classrooms. It investigates the relationship between a lack of music in educational films and its effect on film evaluation and interest gain in educational film topics. Results of the presented study raise the assumption of a need for music as central characteristic of learners related to the effects of educational science films： Basically, it shows that the evaluation of educational films is based on emotional as well as on factual criteria and that both dimensions are positively related to the interest of learners in the film content. Further it shows that learners with need for music, compared to their classmates that do not state a need for music, exhibit a significant worse evaluation on the film factual characteristics and a reduced class performance, as measured by reduced interest in the film topic, the research area and the motivation to carry out follow-up research on the topic. Implications are discussed.

Feasibility of College Japanese Major and Japanese Joint Training Projects

In recent years, university exchanges between China and Japan is more active, we can see that in the joint efforts of China and Japan, the scale of cooperation is expanding, understanding and friendship between the young people are gradually deepened. The long- term stability of University conducted exchanges and cooperation in education with Japan is the concrete manifestation of China＇ s opening-up. Therefore, what＇ s the meaning of joint training of undergraduate education in universities？ This paper studies on ＂2 ＋ 2＂ program between our college and the west of the international University of Japan. We analysis the favorable and unfavorable factors in joint training programs, clarify the necessity and feasibility of acting joint training programs, and provide some reference for the development of our joint training program.

“大后方”时期孙明经科教电影活动考

1937年全面抗战爆发,孙明经随金陵大学理学院辗转到大后方重庆、成都。这个时期他行程上万公里,主持完成多部人文风情纪录片、科教纪录片,包括目前已知的中国第一部卡通科教片。这些作品极大地推动了中国电化教育运动。孙明经拍摄并不拘泥于单一技术,大胆采用卡通技术。在大后方特殊年代,这样的创作是形式与内容创作实践美学观的融合,是科学性、教育性、政治宣传性为一体的体现。