平均住科日作为绩效指标的有效性研究

目的研究平均住科日作为绩效指标的有效性。方法通过调查1个月的数据比较平均住院日与平均住科日及相关指标,进行统计分析,确认其差异状态。结果得到医院1个月各科室及全院的相关指标数据列表及统计分析结果。结论平均住科日和出科人次可以作为科室绩效评价的有效指标,但用于医院绩效评价时平均住科日与平均住院日差别不明显。

平均住科日取代平均住院日用于科室绩效考核的研究

目的：探讨平均住科日取代平均住院日用于科室绩效考核的可行性和效果。方法利用转科患者的转科信息和医院工作报表（住院部分）计算平均住科日。以2014年2月数据为例进行平均住院日和平均住科日的比较。结果大部分科室平均住科日小于平均住院日，尤其是ICU；但也存在平均住科日大于平均住院日的情况。结论平均住科日的计算利用了科室的转科患者信息，是科室实际住院天数的体现。用于科室绩效考核相对更公平和合理。

转科对平均住院日作为绩效考核指标有效性的探讨

目的研究转科患者对平均住院日作为科室绩效考核指标的影响。方法从某院HIS系统中获取2018年7月1日-9月30日期间所有出院患者相关数据,利用SPSS17.0对其进行成对双样本t检验。结果2018年第三季度全院出院患者26 695人次,出科患者(包括转科)27 462人次,出科人次较出院人次多767;全院平均住院日为8.8日,平均住科日为8.6日。出院人次与出科人次(P=0.018)、平均住院日与平均住科日(P=0.003)之间差异有统计学意义,出院者占用总床日数与出科者占用总床日数(P=0.388)之间差异无统计学意义。结论转科对平均住院日作为科室绩效考核存在一定的影响。采用平均住科日能更加客观反映科室医疗效率情况,是科室绩效考核中更为准确且有效的激励指标。

Notes on soil predatory mites: the genus Lasioseius with a newly recorded species and key from China(Acari: Mesostigmata: Blattisociidae)

This paper presents a new record of Lasioseius Berlese in China, Lasioseius japonicas Ehara, with descriptions of the female. Specimens of L. japonicus were collected from the laboratory culture of Athetis lepigone Moschler (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Shandong Agricultural University and deposited in the Laboratory of Systematic and Applied Acarology, Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU). L. japonicus has shown promise of being a biological control agent of Bradysia odoriphaga in laborat ory observations. A key to the females of Lasioseius species from China is provided.

Biological Control of Tortricidae in Tea Fields in Japan Using Insect Viruses and Parasitoids

Tea is a perennial and evergreen plant. Cultivated tea trees provide a habitat for insect pests and their natural enemies. In Japan, granuloviruses (GVs) have successfully controlled two of the most important pests of tea, Adoxophyes honmai and Homona magnanima (Tortricidae: Lepidoptera). The GVs are produced in vivo and a single application sustains pesticidal efficacy throughout a year, which encompasses 4 to 5 discrete generations of both species. A. honmai and H. magnanima also have various natural enemies, especially hymenopteran parasitoids. Such resident natural enemies also play a role in reducing the pest density in virus-controlled fields, but the effect of virus infection on parasitoids sharing the same host larva has not been well studied. Survival of one of the major parasitoids of A. honmai, Ascogaster reticulata (Braconidae: Hymenoptera), is reduced by virus infection of the host. Viruses, including GV and entomopoxvirus (EPV), and certain koinobiont endoparasitoids, including A. reticulata, are both known to regulate host endocrinology. However, the GV and EPV have distinct host regulation mechanisms, and consequently have different impacts on the survival of A. retuculata, when A. reticulata parasitizes a host that is infected with either GV or EPV. These additional effects on host regulation displayed by both viruses and parasitoids affect the outcome of virus-parasitoid interactions.

Discussion about the Bachelor Thesis of Japanese Major in University

Currently, Bachelor thesis of Japanese major＇s main problems is related to the topics of the irrational, writing both impetuous attitude, which led to poor quality of the article, is worrying. There are many causes of the problem, and you can relax from the writing language requirements, the timing of mentor, and guiding additional academic writing courses in a bid to solve them.

Occurrence of Extended-Spectrum β-1actamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae （ESBLPE） among Primary School Pupil in Obafemi-Owode, Nigeria

Occurrence of extended-β-1actamase producing enterobacteriaceae （ESBLPE）, which has reduced the antibacterial efficacy and potency of many 3rd generation cephalosporins, was investigated among the primary school pupils. 88 primary school pupils in Obafemi-Owode Local Government, Southwestern Nigeria, including 49 males （55.7%） and 39 females （44,3%） （mean age 12 ± 3） were screened for ESBLPE isolates with exclusion criterion of antimicrobial use in the preceding 2 weeks either as therapy for gastro-intestinal complication or prophylaxis. ESBLPE detected include 4.5% of Eschericia coli, 2.3% of Enterobacter cloaca, 0% Proteus mirabilis, 2.3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1.1% Staphylococcus aureus and 4.5% of Klebsiella oxytoca. 10 （76.9%） of ESBLPE isolates were resistant to disc of cefuroxime （30 μg）, 8 （61.5%） susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic （20/10 lag） and low susceptibility of 7 （53.8%） was recorded for ceftazidime （30 lag）. 0% susceptibility was recorded for the ESBLPE isolates to cefuroxime MIC 〉 8 gg/mL and ampicillin MIC 〉 8 lag/mL while E, coli and E. cloca each show 50.0% and P. aeruginosa and K. oxytoca show 100.0% and 75.0% susceptibility to augmentin （MIC 〈 8）. This study has shown a 14.7% proportion of the pupil to harbour ESBLPE from enteric source with increased resistant to most new generation cefuroximes. Therefore, transfer of virulent and antibiotic resistant ESBLPE could be aided by sharing feeding materials while fecal-oral route of transmission cannot be ruled out as hygiene level is very low thereby increasing emergence of virulent resistant enteric strains leading to treatment failure.

Students＇ Motivation to Study Accounting Subjects： Difference Between Japan and Indonesia

This study investigates the differences between Japanese and Indonesian students＇ motivation to study accounting subjects. In addition, it examines the factors that can significantly influence students＇ motivation to study accounting subjects. Needless to say, the expansion of International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） depends on the quality of education in higher academic institutions. For several academic institutions, it is clear that the topic of students＇ motivation is still a meaningful concern, because the improvement of students＇ motivation and ability would enhance these institutions＇ academic performance in a competitive environment. In this study, the authors developed the theoretical model for students＇ motivation to study accounting subjects. This research showed that self-efficacy, accounting self-concept, mastery goals＇ perception, performance goals＇ perception, and social goals＇ perception had a significant influence on students＇ motivation to study accounting subjects. Furthermore, nationality had an impact on students＇ motivation. Japanese students are more motivated to study accounting subjects than Indonesian students. Another result clarified that goals＇ perception influences the relationship among self-efficacy, accounting self-concept, and students＇ motivation.

Preliminary Study of Anthelmintic Potential of Terminalia catappa Fresh Leaves Following Short-Term Daily Feeding on Goats

The anthelmintic resistance was developed in many species of gastrointestinal nematodes and occurred worldwide. This phenomenon had reduced the effectiveness of anthelmintics which based on drugs. This situation has led to the scientific study on natural anthelmintic that based on traditional usage of local plants. In this study, local plant named Ketapang （Terminalia catappa） that traditionally used to treat helminth infection was chose as experimental plant. Eighteen mix Katjang goats were equally divided into three groups, where two groups were treated with mature and immature T. catappa leaves respectively, while the third group was untreated. Leaves were daily feeding in raw to the goats for four weeks. Normal goat＇s pellet was fed to the goats according to scheduled time-feediing; morning and afternoon, and water was given ad libitum. Fecal samples were collected every two days during the experimental period and subjected to modified Mc Master fecal egg count. Results for this short-term preliminary anthelmintic trial had showed significant percentage of helminth eggs reduction in goats. The reduction in goats treated with mature leaves was at 72% and 63% for the goats treated with immature leaves. Control goats did not showed significant reduction in terms of the parasite worm eggs. In conclusion, the ethnoveterinary data about this local plant was scientifically proven and can be widely promoted to the local livestock＇s owner as an alternative approach for parasitic helminths control in goats.

Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Clarias gariepinus Dried with Solar Dryers and Solar Tents in Sokoto, Nigeria

A research was conducted to assess the effects of three different drying techniques, namely open sun drying （OSD）, solar dryers （SD） and solar tent dryers （STD）. Data on physical characteristics such as weight, total length and standard length were recorded and proximate composition of the fish sample Clarias gariepinus （Burchell, 1822） was carried out before, during and after drying to assess changes on physical characteristics and nutrient composition at different level. After drying, the samples were subjected to storage for eight weeks. The result obtained shows that there was no significant （P 〉 0.01） difference in the drying weight of the fish samples between the direct SD and the STD. However, for the total and standard length there was significant （P 〈 0.01） difference in the drying techniques, but no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） in the drying period. There was no significant （P 〉 0.05） difference on the physical parameters, storage period, proximate composition of both direct SD and STD and the drying period, respectively. Therefore, direct SD can be substituted with the STD without altering the quality of the product.

Perception of Agricultural Science/Home Economics as a Career among Senior Secondary School Students in Abia State, Nigeria

Ibeku High School in Umuahia Municipality was chosen for this project based on the criteria set by the supervising bodies; the Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria （ARCN）, and the coordinating Research Institute; the National Root Crops Research Institute （NRCRI）, Umudike. Adopting a participatory approach involving the research team, students and agricultural science teachers, some tuber and root crops-based technologies were demonstrated at the school farm. One hundred and nine respondents drawn for the study was to assess their interest and career in agriculture and occupational values. Students make important decisions that are strongly linked to their attitudes towards such activities. Poor student enrolment into agricultural professionals have been blamed on poor emolument of agricultural personnel and lack of motivational incentives in accordance with the nature of the profession among others, resulting to the profession＇s unattractiveness to young minds. In Nigeria, the attitude of youths towards agriculture as a profession has been responsible for the low level of agricultural production in the country. The main solution to the problem is getting young people involved in agriculture despite the fact that many people portray agriculture as a life of penury; thus the urgent need to change the negative view of agriculture and encourage them to embrace the vocation. The young people or youth have been identified as constituting the major resource base for any country which wants to embark on any meaningful agricultural and rural development projects. The focus of this study was to assess the influence of students＇ attitudes, enrolment and choice of agriculture as a profession in Ibeku High School in Umuahia Municipality. Fifty-nine percent of the respondents were males, while 41.0% were females and they were all single. About 9.1% of the respondents belonged to the Young Farmers＇ Club （YFC） at school, while a greater percentage of the students had interest in the pursuit of other careers than agriculture. The Government should enforce policies of establishing farms in schools, well equipped and with experienced teaching staff in agriculture to advance the profession to a higher level.

Industrial Design Graduates in the Nigerian Labour Market： Unemployed or Unemployable

The annual turnout of faculty graduates in Nigeria is not only increasing numerically but it is ironically, unemployed and other times unemployable. This assertion is supported by researches in the social sciences and reasons adduced to the trend range from lack of qualitative and unavailability of teaching and research facilities, as well as insufficient capable human resources among others. This paper x-rayed the case of Industrial Design graduates and their post training outcome, to understand whether or not graduates of Industrial Design are gainfully employed, unemployed, or unemployable; and why？ Research design used was survey, while the instrument administered on the sample size was structured questionnaire. Two hundred and thirty-three （233） students of Industrial Design constituted the sample size. The research questions were analyzed with the aid of Table of frequency distribution, while a non-parametric test by way of Friedman＇s two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the hypotheses. The outcome of the study revealed that, though the programme of Industrial Design is evolving as craft-based, it is viable. Graduates of the programme are not unemployable in the Nigerian labour market. Finally, the paper proffers solutions and recommendations in form of ideas and deductions to enhance the aim of the study.

Trace Metals in PM_(2.5):A Story beyond Border

In a lab of the CAS Institute of Process Engineering（IPE）in Beijing,Winifred Uduak Anake,a visiting woman scientist from Covenant University.Nigeria was dashing to finish testing the 100 plus samples she collected from her home country.＂1 am trying to find out the type and amount of hazardous trace metals bound to the tiny particles trapped on the filters,＂she explained：＂out of worries about their possible threat to human health.＂Before concluding her three-month stay she needed to complete examining the morphology of the particles,total trace metals,

Efficient School Health Services and Sport Participation Among Nigerian Universities Undergraduates

Purpose： The purpose of the study was to ascertain the relationship between efficient medical services and Nigerian undergraduates＇ participation in sports. Methods and Materials： A randomly sampled population of 280 students and 12 managerial staff of sport and medical units participated in the descriptive study. Responses to a validated questionnaire provided the source of data. A test-retest reliability coefficient （r） = 0.80. Data were analyzed with simple percentages and Chi-square at 〈 0.05 alpha level. Results： All the respondents in medical centre and sport unit oriented the students on the available medical services and facilities on campus： availability of first aid services, treatment services for complicated injuries （inpatient）, referral services for specialized care, financial support during hospitalization. Complementary results from the students showed that the majority of the respondents （50%） strongly agreed that medical centre was available in the Campus, and 36% strongly affirmed to availability of first aid services. Thirty four percent of the respondents strongly agreed to the availability of treatment services, while 40% of the respondent agreed to the availability of free medical services. The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between efficient medical services and students＇ participation in sports. Conclusion： All medical services were available but students perceive the services as inefficient which implies poor or non utilization.

Entrepreneurial Mind-Set Among Female University Students： A Study of University of Jos Students, Nigeria

In today＇s world, entrepreneurship is seen as the vital source for economic growth, and education in the creation and development of entrepreneurial attitudes. It is, therefore, natural to consider female students as the primary resource of future entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship as a career option is becoming increasingly desirable. Responding to this need, many colleges and universities around the world have significantly increased their offerings of entrepreneurship courses over the past 25 years. Entrepreneurship courses are not only offered by Business Institutes, but other faculties like Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Engineering, and Information Technology are also offering these courses in their syllabus. The problem under focus was to examine entrepreneurial mindset among female university students, a study of University of Jos. The study also ascertained the rate at which variables like： perception of entrepreneurship, role model and university＇s role to promote entrepreneurship are translated into entrepreneurial mindset of female students of University of Jos. A sample size of about 400 was adopted from the three Faculties of Management Science, Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences which were selected at random. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using simple percentage and presented in tables and charts, the hypothesis which states that there is no significant relationship between the teaching of entrepreneurship and university female students＇ entrepreneurial mindset which was tested using z-test analyses of population proportion earlier conducted. This implies a weak relationship between the teaching of entrepreneurship and university female students＇ entrepreneurial mindset. Based on the above inference, the research recommended that, as providers of entrepreneurship trainings, universities must create entrepreneurship supportive environment that could encourage entrepreneurial activity which would in turn help develop an enterprise culture among the female students.

Cross-Cultural Bioethics at an International University in Japan

Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University （APU） in Beppu city, Japan has a large body of students from well over 90 countries, especially from the Asia Pacific region, including Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese, and Indonesian students. To improve analytical thinking skills among college students, a course on ＂bioethics＂ was introduced and offered in two consecutive semesters to undergraduate students for which 245 students registered at each semester. The course was taught in the form of 14 lecture and discussion sessions, each for 95 minutes based on the content of A Cross-Cultural Introduction to Bioethics （2006） edited by Darryl Macer, and reviewed a wide variety of ethical and bioethical issues. In the next semester, the students received a similar teaching content that was rearranged to reflect the 15 universal principles of bioethics and human rights covered in the Bioethics Core Curriculum （2008）. Case studies were also added to each unit of the Core Curriculum with the support of the UNESCO＇s Asia Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok （Case Studies for Bioethics 2010）. To evaluate the results of teaching and to compare the achieved objectives between the two groups of students, a short questionnaire was given to all students who finished the course and took up the final written examination. In the whole, 454 students （225 in group I and 229 in group 2） completed the course and took the final examination and 427 （218 in group 1 and 209 in group 2） responded to the questionnaire which inquired into their interest in the discussion of bioethical issues： why they believed they were important, and what they had learned through them. The results of the questionnaire have been examined and compared to evaluate the success of ＂bioethics＂ in stimulating the interest and thinking ability of the students and enriching their experience of a cross-cultural discussion over bioethical issues using universal principles as general guidance. The result of this examination was so impressive that from 2011 bioethics has been formalized into the reformed curriculum of our international school.

浅谈SAP系统内部交易科目的应用

对九江分公司往来类内部交易科日的变化及其应用情况进行了阐述，指出了往来类内部交易科日设计上存在的缺陷，并提出了改进建议。