北宋诗僧秘演的生平与创作

秘演,山东人,曾住汴京相国寺。北宋前期著名诗僧,与穆修、石延年、尹洙、欧阳修、苏舜钦等,皆有交谊。有《秘演诗集》,录诗三百余篇,欧阳修、尹洙皆为之作序。今佚,存诗七首,风格与宋初九僧诗相类。

欧阳修《释惟俨文集序》《释秘演诗集序》笔法通解

欧阳修一生辟佛,却曾为浮屠作书序文:《释惟俨文集序》《释秘演诗集序》,分别作于庆历元年(1041)、二年(1042),皆以石延年为伴说,笔法不仅看似雷同,亦非书序套格,却能各辟蹊径,传颂文家。本文拟以文章学为视角,较析二文异同,揭笔法之变化奥妙。首先审其命意,皆以奇为骨,将曼卿、惟俨、秘演同作奇男子描写,两序俱以曼卿为引,作宾主篇法,通情合理,又能自占儒者地步,辟一序浮屠法门。字句修辞亦呼应命意,营构奇气,不类桑门。同中殊异处在章法布局,序惟俨从性情耿介中见奇崛,采用两两对立为结构;序秘演则叙其盛,观其衰,故以时间为纬,顿折有法,悲凉感慨。值得注意的是二文构思高妙,皆达到'形式'与'内容'相互呼应之艺术效果。最后,评议两释集序之古文评选现象,确立其笔法特色及作品定位。总此可见,两释集序笔法实是江河同归,隐然指向'士君子'之理想人格,体现宋代士大夫文化下之淑世情怀,亦见欧文书序奥窍。

Estimation of Deep Soil Profiles in Lima Peru

Deep shear-wave velocity profiles at eight places in Lima Peru were estimated based on the inversion of dispersion curves. The dispersion curves were calculated from small and large microtremor arrays using two methods： the F-k proposed by Capon （1969） and the CCA proposed by Cho et al. （2004）. For the purpose of large array measurement we introduced a new type of sensor. Important results are the relative shallow depths to the basement rock in the area classified as alluvial gravel that covers most of the area of Lima city; and the relative large depth to the bedrock in places identified as VSV and CMA. It is recommended that this study be complemented with PS loggings in order to verify the estimated profiles.

谈文章的开头

文之用起笔,所能引人入胜者,正以不自相犯。譬甲篇是如此起法,乙篇即易其蹊径,丙篇是如此起法,丁篇又别有其用心。犹之行兵,阻险以为固,当知施之平陆,成何壁垒,不能泥据山垒,用诸夷坦之地。盖匠心运处,自有不同之同。总言之,领脉不宜过远,远则入题时煞费周章;着手不宜太突。

略谈“记”和“序”

古代文体名称很多,而同名又有不同类别,要搞清它们的含义和区别是不大容易而又没有必要的。刘勰说:"章以谢恩,奏以按劾(考核论断,揭发罪状),表以陈情,议以执异(坚持不同观点)。"这是从内容上说明章、奏、表、议的区别。但它们与书、疏、志、说、记、序等等,又有什么不同呢?很难说,太麻烦。