试论“白登之围”解围之策

"白登之围"是西汉与匈奴之间的第一次战争。在战后,汉匈之间订立的"秘约"是在双方都能够接收的基础上订立的盟约,保障了各自的利益,也决定了汉初双方关系的由"战"向"和"的走向。此次盟约是北方游牧民族首次与中原农耕民族订立的"盟约",为后世解决民族关系提供了借鉴。

Projections of the impacts of climate change on the water deficit and on the precipitation erosive indexes in Mantaro River Basin, Peru

Projections of climate change are essential to guide sustainable development plans in the tropical Andean countries such as Peru. This study assessed the projections of precipitation and potential evaporation, rain erosive potential, and precipitation concentration in the Mantaro River Basin, in the Peruvian Andes, which is important for agriculture and energy production in Peru. We assumed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） AIB greenhouse gas emission scenario and simulated the global climate change by the HadCM3 global climate model. Due to the steepness of the mountain slopes and the narrowness of the river valley, this study uses the downscaling of the global model simulations by the regional Eta model down to 2o-km resolution. The downscaling projections show decrease in the monthly precipitation with respect to the baseline period, especially during the rainy season, between February and April, until the end of the 21st century. Meanwhile, a progressive increase in the monthly evaporation from the baseline period is projected. The Modified Fournier Index （MFI） shows a statistically significant downward trend in the Mantaro River Basin, whieh suggests a possible reduction in the rain erosive potential. The Precipitation Concentration Index （PCI） shows a statistically significant increasing trend, which indicates increasingly more irregular temporal distribution of precipitation towards the end of the century. The results of this study allow us to conclude that there should be a gradual increase in water deficit and precipitation concentration. Both changes can be negative for agriculture, power generation, and water supply in the Mantaro River Basin in Peru.

Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing Using Quantum Fourier Transform

A （n, n）-threshold scheme of multiparty quantum secret sharing of classical or quantum message is proposed based on the discrete quantum Fourier transform. In our proposed scheme, the secret message, which is encoded by using the forward quantum Fourier transform and decoded by using the reverse, is split and shared in such a way that it can be reconstructed among them only if all the participants work in concert. Fhrthermore, we also discuss how this protocol must be carefully designed for correcting errors and checking eavesdropping or a dishonest participant. Security analysis shows that our scheme is secure. Also, this scheme has an advantage that it is completely compatible with quantum computation and easier to realize in the distributed quantum secure computation.

ANALYSIS OF GROUND TARGET STEALTH BASED ON PASSIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE DETECTION

Passive Millimeter-Wave(MMW)detection has become a threat to ground targets.Toenhance the survivability of the ground target in the future battlefield,passive MMW stealth tech-nology is analyzed in this paper.Based on the passive MMW detection principle,computation andanalysis are made for the MMW apparent temperature of tank in different actual combat conditions.The necessity of the passive MMW stealth is analyzed and the passive MMW stealth methods arealso studied.

Secret Sharing Schemes Based on the Dual Code of the Code of a Symmetric （v, k, λ）-Design and Minimal Access Sets

Secret sharing has been a subject of study for over 30 years. The coding theory has been an important role in the constructing of the secret sharing schemes. It is known that every linear code can be used to construct the secret sharing schemes. Since the code of a symmetric （V, k, λ）-design is a linear code, this study is about the secret sharing schemes based on C of Fp-code C of asymmetric （v, k, λ）-design.

Irritable bowel syndrome evaluation using computed tomography colonography

AIM To evaluate the morphology of the colon in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) by using computed tomography colonography(CTC).METHODS Twelve patients with diarrhea type IBS(IBS-D), 13 patients with constipation type IBS(IBS-C), 12 patients with functional constipation(FC) and 14 control patients underwent colonoscopy following CTC. The lengths of the rectosigmoid colon, transverse colon and the total colon were measured. The diameters of the rectum, sigmoid colon, descending colon, transverse colon, and ascending colon were measured.RESULTS The mean length of the total colon was 156.5 cm in group C, 158.9 cm in group IBS-D, 172.0 cm in group IBS-C, and 188.8 cm in group FC. The total colon in group FC was significantly longer than that in group C(P < 0.05). The mean length of the rectosigmoid colon was 56.2 cm, 55.9 cm, 63.6cm, and 77.4 cm(NS). The mean length of the transverse colon was 49.9 cm, 43.1 cm, 57.0 cm, and 55.0 cm. The transverse colonin group IBS-D was significantly shorter than that in group IBS-C(P < 0.01) and that in group FC(P = 0.02). The mean diameter of the sigmoid colon was 4.0 cm, 3.3 cm, 4.2 cm, and 4.3 cm(NS). The mean diameter of the descending colon was 3.6 cm, 3.1 cm, 3.8 cm, and 4.3 cm. The descending colon diameter in group IBS-D was significantly less than that in group IBS-C(P = 0.03) and that in group FC(P < 0.001). The descending colon diameter in group FC was significantly greater than that in group C(P = 0.04). The mean diameter of the transverse colon was 4.4 cm, 3.3 cm, 4.2 cm, and 5.0 cm(NS).CONCLUSION CT colonography might contribute the clarification of subtypes of IBS.

Study of Radiative Decays D_(s1)(2536)→D_s(1968)+γand D_(s1)(2536)→D_s^(2112)+γ in CQM Model

There are some uncertain charazteristics of the Ds1（2536）, which deserves further discussion. Based on the assumption that the meson is constituted by c s, and belongs to T doublet （1^＋, 2^＋）, radiative decays Ds1（2536） → Ds（1968） ＋γ and Ds1（2536） → Ds^＊（2112） ＋ γ are studied in the CQM model The large branching ratios of them from our calculations not only indicate the process may be detected in the future experiments, but also can give a deep comprehension of the structure of it.

Manometric assessment of idiopathic megarectum in constipated children

AIM: Chronic constipation is a frequent finding in children. In this age range, the concomitant occurrence of megarectum is not uncommon. However, the definition of megarectum is variable, and a few data exist for Italy.We studied anorectal manometric variables and sensation in a group of constipated children with megarectum defined by radiologic criteria. Data from this group were compared with those obtained in a similar group of children with recurrent abdominal pain.METHODS: Anorectal testing was carried out in both groups by standard manometric technique and rectal balloon expulsion test.RESULTS: Megarectum patients displayed discrete abnormalities of anorectal variables and sensation with respect to controls. In particular, the pelvic floor function appeared to be impaired in most patients.CONCLUSION: Constipated children with megarectum have abnormal anorectal function and sensation. These findings may be helpful for a better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of this condition.

Batch Secret Sharing for Secure Multi-party Computation in Asynchronous Network

This paper proposes an efficient batch secret sharing protocol among n players resilient to t 〈 n/4 players in asynchronous network. The construction of our protocol is along the line of Hirt＇s protocol which works in synchronous model. Compared with the method of using secret share protocol m times to share m secrets, our protocol is quite efficient. The protocol can be used to improve the efficiency of secure multi-party computation （MPC） greatly in asynchronous network.