钢管杆内积水检查与改造方法的探究

由于钢管杆施工便捷、占地面积小、较高的美观性等特点,一些工程线路设计往往优先使用钢管杆。因线路长时间暴露在野外,在自然环境的影响下,由于钢管杆设计加工和施工工艺的问题,导致杆内出现积水现象,积水会加剧杆塔锈蚀,情况严重将导致倒塔断线,严重危及社会公共和电网设备安全。针对此情况,本文探究钢管杆积水排查方法,通过观察钢管杆基础和保护帽外观,利用无人机精细化或人工登塔初步核查杆内积水情况,分别从常规钢管杆基础、可调节钢管杆基础、钢管杆新建基础三种基础状态情况提出排水改造方法改善钢管杆积水问题,同时从钢管杆顶部封盖板造型、钢管杆杆身法兰增加隔水层、钢管杆横担与杆身法兰增设防雨罩角度提出改变钢管杆本体结构,探究思考从设计角度避免积水渗入。最后对钢管杆基础回弹值和碳化深度值测量,结合数据对比分析积水改造前后基础混凝土强度及使用寿命变化情况。

彩色多普勒超声在胎儿肾积水中的应用

【目的】探讨彩色多普勒超声在胎儿肾积水中的应用价值。【方法】回顾性分析超声诊断的49例肾积水胎儿的影像及临床资料。【结果】49例胎儿肾积水中肾孟前后径（PAPD）≥15mm者5例，产后复查4例诊断为先天性输尿管狭窄；PAPD10-14mm者8例，产后复查1例诊断为先天性输尿管狭窄；PAPD4～9mm者36例，产后复查1例输尿管扩张。【结论】超声检查可简单、快捷、动态检查胎儿肾积水，对病理性肾积水的检出和预后判断具有重要的临床意义。

彩色多普勒超声在评价小儿肾积水肾脏单肾功能中的价值

【目的】探讨彩色多普勒超声检测肾脏皮质厚度（RPT ）、肾盂前后径（AP）在评价小儿先天性肾积水分肾功能的应用价值。【方法】收集2012年6月至2014年4月行肾脏彩超检查的单侧肾积水患儿64例，男49例，女15例。其中41例由手术证实为肾盂输尿管处梗阻，23例未做任何处理。于彩超检查后10 d内进行肾动态显像（SPECT ）检查测量肾小球滤过率（GFR ），根据测值将64个肾脏分为正常组（GFR＞34 mL／min）、肾功能轻度受损组（GFR 20～34 mL／min）、肾功能重度受损组（GFR＜20 mL／min），分别测量三组病例的 RPT、AP；采用 T 检验两两比较3组间测量的RPT、AP的差异，并用线性回归分析 RPT、AP 与同侧肾脏 GFR值的相关性。【结果】三组间 RPT 分别为（3．84±0．77）mm、（3．27±0．42）mm、（2．71±0．54）mm ；AP分别约（22．50±7．10）mm、（41．63±4．91）mm、（45．73±18．08） mm。RPT、AP在组间差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。RPT、AP 与单侧脏GFR均有良好的相关性（r＝0．764与 r＝－0．606，P ＜0．05）；当GFR下降到20％时，RPT 为2．04 mm ，AP为42．29 mm。【结论】彩超测量RPT、AP能在一定程度上的反映单侧肾功能，可以作为临床评价肾积水患儿单侧肾功能的有用参数。

超声诊断胎儿脑积水21例分析

目的 认真观察并熟悉脑积水胎儿的声像特点及超声诊断的临床意义,掌握随着孕龄的增长,胎儿颅脑的各部分变化和对超声影像变化.方法 分析来自我院的21例脑积水患儿的超声影像学特点,发现有9例脑积水患儿和12例轻度脑室扩张患儿,脑室扩张的级别为1级脑室扩张的临界值为8～10mm,轻度扩张11～15mm,重度扩张＞15mm.结果 经侧脑室水平横切面测值99％的胎儿超声检查均可获得该切面,它是一个可靠的重复性强的标志性结构,怀孕15周直到分娩,侧脑室的形状基本不变.结论 当发现明显的脑积水患者的时候,因为产后效果较差,应尽早引产；轻度脑室扩张的患儿,可以根据情况复查,若复查3周后脑室大小到达正常,在没有影响中枢神经系统的前提下,大多数患儿的预后较好.

胎儿脑积水15例超声诊断分析

目的：探讨胎儿脑积水的声像图特征和超声诊断价值。方法：分析总结了15例胎儿脑积水的声像图特征。结果：明显脑积水5例，9例脑室轻度扩张（侧脑室内径存10～15mm之间）。结论：明显脑积水预后差，宜早终止妊娠。轻度脑室扩张在染色体正常，不合并其他畸形的情况下，预后大多较好。

Experimental study on characteristics of trapping and regulating sediment with an open-type check dam in debris flow hazard mitigation

Beam dams are a highly effective and commonly used open-type check dam in debris-flow hazard mitigation. In this study, dimensional analysis was used to obtain empirical equations for quantitatively determining the sediment-trapping and flow-regulating characteristics of a beam dam. To determine the coefficients of the empirical equations, flume experiments were conducted to simulate the trapping and regulating processes. The flow pattern, trapping, and regulating characteristics were investigated when debris flows passed through a beam dam. Debris-flow bulk density and peak discharge, and sediment-trapping ratios, were measured directly and indirectly. The results showed that three blocking actions occurred, and that blockage-breaking considerably influenced the trapping and regulating performance of the beam dam. The relative opening size and the sediment concentration were the two main factors affecting the performance of the beam dam. The ratio of trapping sediment decreased with relative opening, and increased with sediment concentration as well as reducing ratio of bulk density and reducing ratio of peak discharge. The sediment concentration and relative opening were the leading factors influencing the trapping and regulating sediment of a beam dam, followed by flume gradient. The results showed that the calculated values obtained using empirical equations were in good agreement with the values derived from the experiments, and that the deviation was acceptable. Finally, taking Zechawa Gully as an example, using the empirical equations we designed the opening size of a beam dam aimed to trap sediment and regulate peak discharge of debris flow in the main gully.

胎儿肾积水236例的超声诊断及预后评估

目的:探讨胎儿肾积水的超声诊断及预后评估。方法:回顾性分析了2000/2008年在本院产前常规超声检查中诊断胎儿肾积水的病例,随访观察至1 a。结果:超声诊断胎儿肾积水236例,其中轻度176例,中度53例,重度7例,预后评估:可复性肾积水210例,可疑不可复性肾积水19例,不可复性肾积水7例。结论:超声能够准确诊断胎儿肾积水及预后评估。

胎儿肾积水的超声诊断及产后转归分析

目的评价胎儿肾积水的转归，指导临床采取适当的应对措施。方法对孕期81例肾积水胎儿，测定其肾盂前后径、肾实质厚度／肾宽及肾动脉RI值，随访1a，记录积水的变化。结果APD≤15mm两组积水肾多为生理性肾积水，APD〉15mm组积水肾多为病理性肾积水。结论超声检查肾积水程度〉15mm，肾实质厚度／肾宽≤25％，肾动脉R1值≥0．75的胎儿肾积水往往存在病理性梗阻，应高度重视。

Management of posttraumatic brain swelling based on clinical typing

Objective: To investigate the clinical typing and prophylactico-therapeutic measures for acute posttraumatic brain swelling (BS). Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 66 cases of acute posttraumatic BS. There were 3 groups based on computered tomography (CT) scanning: 23 cases of hemisphere brain swelling (HBS) with middle line shift for less than 5 mm within 24 hours (Group A), 20 with middle line shift for more than 5 mm (Group B), and 23 with bilateral diffuse brain swelling (Group C). Results: (1) The mortality rates of the operative and nonoperative management in Group A, Group B, and Group C were 20.0%, 31.6%, and 75.0% versus 44.4%, 0, and 85.7%, respectively (P> 0.05); while the rates in subgroups with different middle line shift (more than 5 mm and less or equal 5 mm) were 29.2% and 75.0% versus 75.0% and 44.4%, respectively ( 0.05>P> 0.01). (2) The good recovery rate and mortality in Group A were 47.8% and 39.1%, respectively and in Group C, 8.7% and 78.3%, respectively. There was a very significant difference between Group A and Group C (P< 0.01). (3) The total survival rate of the selective comprehensive therapy was 53.1%. Conclusions: (1) Acute posttraumatic BS needs to be diagnosed correctly and promptly with CT scanning within 4 hours. (2) For patients with midline shift for more than 5 mm, especially with thin-layered subdural hematoma, surgical intervention is essential to reduce the fatality of acute posttraumatic BS.

高频超声在膝关节积液诊治中的应用

目的探讨高频超声检查在膝关节积液病变诊治中的应用价值。方法应用岛频超声检查47例（50个）膝关节积液患者，观察超声声像图改变。结果不同病因所引起的膝关节腔积液均以尤同声液性暗区为主要特征。结论高频超声检查是诊断膝关节积液病变客观而准确的方法。