基于故障暂态低频分量积聚值的新能源送出线路保护方案研究

高比例新能源接入使得传统工频量保护难以适用,而行波保护是目前解决新型电力系统可靠性问题的有效途径之一。现有电流行波极性比较式保护方案依赖于首波头的准确捕捉。对此,首先分析了区内外故障时行波的折反射过程,明确了初始行波与后续折反射波间的极性和幅值关系,并定性分析了区内外故障时电流波形的变化趋势。在此基础上,利用故障暂态电流低频分量积聚值表征初始行波极性特征,进而提出了一种新型行波极性比较式纵联保护方案,可以有效解决高阻或小故障初相角情况下传统保护方案可靠性不足问题。最后,大量的PSCAD/EMTDC仿真实验表明,新方案能够可靠识别区内外故障,且具有较好的耐过渡电阻以及抗噪声干扰的能力。

黄土剖面中氧化物的比值和相对淋溶、积聚值在地质上的意义

As have been determined, the ratios of oxides and the contents of CaCO3 show a tendency to increase from bottom to top in Luochuan loess section, whereas an opposite tendency is observed for the relative values of weathering leaching or accumulation of loess, Moreover, the limits of oxide ratios from less to greater than the average value coincide with the boundary between Wucheng and Lishi loess strata, as well as with the boundary of magnetic polarity reversal. The ratios of oxides and the variations of relative weathering-leaching or accumulation extents are synchronous with the fluctuation of CaCO3 contents. From this investigation, it is shown that the ratios of oxides in the superimposed loees and paleosols from the loess profile are found rhythmically varied. These Characteristics might be explained by the hypothesis of repeated climatic fluctuation from dry (loess) to humid (paleosol) during the Quaternary period.

Heavy mineral stratigraphy of sediments from the southern outer shelf of the East China Sea since the last glaciation using fuzzy C-means cluster method

Correspondence analysis and fuzzy C-means cluster methods were used to divide the stratigraphy of heavy mineral assemblages, and the sediment sources and depositional dynamics of the environment reconstructed. The assemblages were taken from marine sediments from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene in Core Q43 situated on the outer shelf of the East China Sea. Based on the variable boundaries of the mineral assemblage at 63 and 228 cmbsf （cm below sea floor）, the core might have previously been divided into three sediment strata marked with units Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, which would be consistent with the divided sediment stratum of the core using minor element geochemistry. The downcore distribution of heavy minerals divided the sedimentary sequence into three major units, which were further subdivided into four subunits. The interval between 0 and 63 cmbsf of the core （unit Ⅰ）, which spans the Holocene and the uppermost late Pleistocene, is characterized by a hornblende-epidote-pyroxene assemblage, and contains relatively a smaller amount of schistic mineral and authigenic pyrite. In comparison, the interval between 63 and 228 cmbsf （unit Ⅱ）, is representative of the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）, and features a hornblende-epidote-magnetite-ilmenite assemblage containing the highest concentrations of heavy minerals and opaque minerals. However, the interval between 228 and 309 cmbsf （unit Ⅲ）, which spans the subinterglacial period, is characterized by a hornblende-authigenic-pyrite-mica assemblage. Relative ratios of some heavy minerals can be used as tracers of clastic sediment sources. The lower part of the sediment core shows the highest magnetite/ilmenite ratio and relatively high hornblende/augite and hornblende/epidote ratios. The middle core shows the highest hornblende/augite and hornblende/epidote ratios, and the lowest magnetite/ilmenite ratio. The upper part exhibits a slightly higher magnetite/ilmenite ratio, and also the lowest hornblende/augite and hornblende/epidote ratios. The distribution of the mineral ratio is consistent with stratigraphic division in heavy mineral data using correspondence analysis and fuzzy C-means clustering. Variations in heavy mineral association and mineral ratio in core Q43 revealed changes in provenance and depositional environment of the southern outer shelf of the East China Sea since the late Pleistocene, well corresponding to interglacial and glacial cycles.