In three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED3) with a massive gauge boson, we investigate the coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for the fermion and photon propagators in the rainbow approximation, and obtain the ...In three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED3) with a massive gauge boson, we investigate the coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for the fermion and photon propagators in the rainbow approximation, and obtain the critical gauge boson mass for various numbers of the fermion flavors. A comparision with the previous results is presented.展开更多
It has been suggested that the narrow cores of the Fe Ka emission lines in Active Galactic Nuclei （AGNs） are likely produced in the torus, the inner radius of which can be measured by observing the lag time between ...It has been suggested that the narrow cores of the Fe Ka emission lines in Active Galactic Nuclei （AGNs） are likely produced in the torus, the inner radius of which can be measured by observing the lag time between the V and K band flux variations. In this paper, we compare the virial products of the infrared time lags, and the narrow Fe Ka widths for 10 type 1 AGNs, with the black hole masses from other techniques. We found the narrow Fe Ka line width is in average 2.6＋0.9-0.4 times broader than expected, assuming an isotropic velocity distribution of the torus at the distance measured by the infrared lags. We propose the thick disk model of the torus may explain the observed larger line width. Another possibility is the contamination by emission from the broad line region or the outer accretion disk. Alternatively, the narrow iron line might originate from the inner most part of the obscuring torus within the sublimation radius, while the infrared emission may be from the outer cooler part. We note the correlations between the black hole masses based on this new technique and those based on other known techniques are statistically insignificant. We argue that this could be attributed to the small sample size and the very large uncertainties in the measurements of iron K line widths. The next generation of X-ray observatories could help verify the origin of the narrow iron Ka line and the reliability of this new technique.展开更多
文摘In three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED3) with a massive gauge boson, we investigate the coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for the fermion and photon propagators in the rainbow approximation, and obtain the critical gauge boson mass for various numbers of the fermion flavors. A comparision with the previous results is presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10773010 and 10825312)support from the "Chuang Xin" Foundation operated by the Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China
文摘It has been suggested that the narrow cores of the Fe Ka emission lines in Active Galactic Nuclei （AGNs） are likely produced in the torus, the inner radius of which can be measured by observing the lag time between the V and K band flux variations. In this paper, we compare the virial products of the infrared time lags, and the narrow Fe Ka widths for 10 type 1 AGNs, with the black hole masses from other techniques. We found the narrow Fe Ka line width is in average 2.6＋0.9-0.4 times broader than expected, assuming an isotropic velocity distribution of the torus at the distance measured by the infrared lags. We propose the thick disk model of the torus may explain the observed larger line width. Another possibility is the contamination by emission from the broad line region or the outer accretion disk. Alternatively, the narrow iron line might originate from the inner most part of the obscuring torus within the sublimation radius, while the infrared emission may be from the outer cooler part. We note the correlations between the black hole masses based on this new technique and those based on other known techniques are statistically insignificant. We argue that this could be attributed to the small sample size and the very large uncertainties in the measurements of iron K line widths. The next generation of X-ray observatories could help verify the origin of the narrow iron Ka line and the reliability of this new technique.
