基施钙肥对小麦茎秆性状及产量的影响

针对当前小麦生产上直接施用复合肥作基肥,导致土壤中Ca^(2+)浓度降低,阻碍小麦新细胞壁形成,给小麦单产提升造成安全隐患的问题,试验探索复合肥与钙肥不同配比作基肥施用模式下,对小麦茎秆性状及产量的影响。结果表明,基肥中添加钙肥可以协调土壤和小麦生长的供求关系,实现壮秆大穗的目标,处理2(亩基施钙肥10 kg+复合肥25 kg+尿素10 kg)与对照(亩基施复合肥30 kg+尿素10 kg)相比显著提高各节间的茎秆粗度、秆壁厚度、茎秆强度,以及成穗数、穗粒数和产量,其中处理2亩产量达743.7 kg,比对照提高了20.41%。处理2为最佳基肥施肥模式,既能满足小麦对养分的需求,提高茎秆性能和抗倒伏能力,又能实现产量提升,为生产上大面积推广应用提供依据。

Effects of Corn Stalk-composted Organic Fertilizer on Physiochemical Properties of Tobacco-growing Soil

In order to explore the method of returning corn stalk into field, the effects of returning corn stalk direcfly into soil and applying corn stalk-composted orgar^c fertilizer into soil on the physiochemical properties of tobacco-growing soil were studied. The results showed that returning corn stalk into soil could reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity, so as to improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of tobacco-growing soil. At the same time, returning corn stalk into soil could also increase the organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassi- um contents in tobacco-growing soil. In the early field growth stage of tobacco, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content decreased slightly; but in the middle and later field growth stage, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in tobacco-growing soil increased. The treatment effect of corn stalk＋urea＋fermentation bacteria and corn stalk＋urea＋BM was better than that of the control （returning corn stalk directly into soil）, indicating that the corn stalk-composted organic fertilizer had certain popular- ization value.

我国玉米骨干自交系秸秆纤维品质分析

通过对我国20世纪60年代以来应用广泛的27份骨干亲本自交系的秸秆纤维成分研究,结果显示自交系秸秆纤维品质中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、纤维素(CELLU)、半纤维素(HCELLU)和木质素(ADL)平均含量分别为47.657%、24.551%、21.096%、20.906%和3.776%;不同自交系间秸秆NDF、ADF、CELLU和ADL含量呈显著或极显著差异,HCELLU无显著差异性;各纤维组分含量之间具有显著或极显著相关性;不同年代间自交系秸秆纤维品质NDF、ADF、CELLU、和HCELLU含量有相似的变化规律,即20世纪90年代初至今各组分含量较高;ADL含量在不同年代自交系秸秆中含量变化不大。