This paper introduces a novel digital transceiver for the cordless telephone zero （CT0） standard,which uses a digital modulation and demodulation technique to handle the signal instead of the traditional analog meth...This paper introduces a novel digital transceiver for the cordless telephone zero （CT0） standard,which uses a digital modulation and demodulation technique to handle the signal instead of the traditional analog meth-od. In the transmitter,a fractional-N phase locked loop （PLL） is utilized to realize the continuous phase frequency shift key （CPFSK） modulation,and a 2 Ts raised cosine （2RC） shaping technique is used to reduce the occupied bandwidth. In the receiver,a novel digital method is proposed to demodulate the 2RC CPFSK signal. This chip is fabricated using an SMIC 0.35μm mixed signal CMOS process with a die size of 2mm × 2mm. With an external low noise amplifier （LNA）,the sensitivity of the chip is better than -103dBm.展开更多
The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation ...The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation is achieved, as well as carrier recovery and symbol synchronization.Firstly, MPPSK modulation method is briefly introduced.2PPSK's PSD expression is given with its optimization result.Orthogonal Phase Detector(PD) and static threshold are used for the purpose of wider phase range and simplicity in demodulation.The data rate is alterable, which is 4.65 kbps for 2PPSK and 9.3 kbps for 4PPSK in the paper.Then some indicative comparisons in Signal to Noise Ratio Symbol Error Rate(SNR-SER) are made among 2PPSK, 3PPSK and 4PPSK, of which 4PPSK has proved to be optimal in ten slots each symbol conditions.And finally, it is demonstrated by system simulations that lower than 10-4 Symbol Error Rate(SER) performance can be obtained at 13 dB symbol SNR.展开更多
We propose a locking-free nonconforming finite element method to solve for the displacement variation in the pure displacement boundary value problem of planar linear elasticity. The method proposed in this paper is r...We propose a locking-free nonconforming finite element method to solve for the displacement variation in the pure displacement boundary value problem of planar linear elasticity. The method proposed in this paper is robust and optimal, in the sense that the convergence estimate in the energy is independent of the Lame parameter λ.展开更多
Objective：Debate continues regarding the management of calcaneal fractures,between open reduction and internal fixation and closed treatment.Hence we aim at evaluating the radiological and functional outcomes of open...Objective：Debate continues regarding the management of calcaneal fractures,between open reduction and internal fixation and closed treatment.Hence we aim at evaluating the radiological and functional outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation in displaced joint depression type of calcaneal fractures fixed with locking calcaneal plate.Methods：In this series,28 patients （26 unilateral and 2 bilateral） with joint depression type of calcaneal fractures as per Essex-Lopresti classification system were operated on with locking calcaneal plate within 3 weeks of injury.Patients were evaluated in terms of associated injuries and X-rays of anteroposterior,lateral and axial views of the calcaneum.CT scan was done to assess the amount ofcomminution and articular depression.Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically at least for 1 year.Radiological assessment was done by Bohler＇s angle and Gissane＇s angle along with measurement ofcalcaneal height and width.Functional outcome was assessed using the American Orthopaedics Foot and Ankle Society （AOFAS） scale.Results：At average follow-up of 14.5 months,average AOFAS score was 86.3 （range 66 to 97）,with 86% having excellent to good results and 2 （7.7%） and 1 （3.7%） having fair and poor results respectively.All patients had stable ankle joint with all having dorsiflexion and plantar flexion more than 30°.Average subtalar range of motion was 17°.The mean Bohler＇s angle,mean Gissane＇s angle,calcaneal height and width were 25.47°,121.3°,4.32 cm and 3.81cm respectively at final follow-up.Three patients had flap necrosis at incision site and one had superficial and deep infection.Subtalar arthritis was seen in 5 patients,whereas sural nerve hypoaesthesia in 1 patient.None of the patients had compartment syndrome,heel pad problems,peroneal tendinitis,reflex sympathetic dystropy or implant failure.Conclusion：Open reduction and internal fixation with locking calcaneal plate gives sound functional outcome,i.e.restoring anatomically reconstruction of height,width,Bohler＇s and Gissiane＇s angles of the calcaneum,and allowing early mobilization.展开更多
Background:Esophageal replacement in children is an option that is confined to very few situations including long-gap esophageal atresia and esophageal strictures unresponsive to other therapies(peptic or caustic inge...Background:Esophageal replacement in children is an option that is confined to very few situations including long-gap esophageal atresia and esophageal strictures unresponsive to other therapies(peptic or caustic ingestion).The purpose of our work was to describe the experience of gastric transposition in three Italian centers.Methods:This is a retrospective study.The data were extrapolated from a prospective database.We included all patients who had undergone gastric transposition in the last 15 years.Results:In the 15-year period,eight infants and children(3 males and 5 females)underwent gastric transposition for esophageal replacement.Six patients had long-gap esophageal atresia,and two had caustic esophageal stenosis.There were no deaths in the series.Three patients had an early postoperative complication:two had a self-limited salivary fistula at three weeks,and one(a patient with jejunostomy)had a jejunal perforation treated surgically.One late complication,anastomotic stricture,was recorded that required two endoscopic dilatations.The median follow-up was 60 months(range:18–144 months).At final clinical follow-up,six patients had no eating problems,and two patients had some difficulties with eating(jejunostomy in situ),but they underwent logopedic therapy with improved outcomes.All patients had an increase in body weight and height postoperatively.Conclusion:Our small study reports the clinical experience of three Italian centers in which gastric transposition was performed with excellent results,both in terms of surgical technique(simplicity,reproducibility,complication rate)and clinical follow-up(good oral feeding of young patients,normal social life and regular growth curves).展开更多
文摘This paper introduces a novel digital transceiver for the cordless telephone zero （CT0） standard,which uses a digital modulation and demodulation technique to handle the signal instead of the traditional analog meth-od. In the transmitter,a fractional-N phase locked loop （PLL） is utilized to realize the continuous phase frequency shift key （CPFSK） modulation,and a 2 Ts raised cosine （2RC） shaping technique is used to reduce the occupied bandwidth. In the receiver,a novel digital method is proposed to demodulate the 2RC CPFSK signal. This chip is fabricated using an SMIC 0.35μm mixed signal CMOS process with a die size of 2mm × 2mm. With an external low noise amplifier （LNA）,the sensitivity of the chip is better than -103dBm.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (60472054)
文摘The paper presents a kind of transmission system which employs M-ary Position Phase Shift Keying(MPPSK) to send data and Phase Locked Loop(PLL) based techniques for data retrieve.With a single PLL, MPPSK demodulation is achieved, as well as carrier recovery and symbol synchronization.Firstly, MPPSK modulation method is briefly introduced.2PPSK's PSD expression is given with its optimization result.Orthogonal Phase Detector(PD) and static threshold are used for the purpose of wider phase range and simplicity in demodulation.The data rate is alterable, which is 4.65 kbps for 2PPSK and 9.3 kbps for 4PPSK in the paper.Then some indicative comparisons in Signal to Noise Ratio Symbol Error Rate(SNR-SER) are made among 2PPSK, 3PPSK and 4PPSK, of which 4PPSK has proved to be optimal in ten slots each symbol conditions.And finally, it is demonstrated by system simulations that lower than 10-4 Symbol Error Rate(SER) performance can be obtained at 13 dB symbol SNR.
基金Supported by the NSF of the Education Henan(200510078005)
文摘We propose a locking-free nonconforming finite element method to solve for the displacement variation in the pure displacement boundary value problem of planar linear elasticity. The method proposed in this paper is robust and optimal, in the sense that the convergence estimate in the energy is independent of the Lame parameter λ.
文摘Objective：Debate continues regarding the management of calcaneal fractures,between open reduction and internal fixation and closed treatment.Hence we aim at evaluating the radiological and functional outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation in displaced joint depression type of calcaneal fractures fixed with locking calcaneal plate.Methods：In this series,28 patients （26 unilateral and 2 bilateral） with joint depression type of calcaneal fractures as per Essex-Lopresti classification system were operated on with locking calcaneal plate within 3 weeks of injury.Patients were evaluated in terms of associated injuries and X-rays of anteroposterior,lateral and axial views of the calcaneum.CT scan was done to assess the amount ofcomminution and articular depression.Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically at least for 1 year.Radiological assessment was done by Bohler＇s angle and Gissane＇s angle along with measurement ofcalcaneal height and width.Functional outcome was assessed using the American Orthopaedics Foot and Ankle Society （AOFAS） scale.Results：At average follow-up of 14.5 months,average AOFAS score was 86.3 （range 66 to 97）,with 86% having excellent to good results and 2 （7.7%） and 1 （3.7%） having fair and poor results respectively.All patients had stable ankle joint with all having dorsiflexion and plantar flexion more than 30°.Average subtalar range of motion was 17°.The mean Bohler＇s angle,mean Gissane＇s angle,calcaneal height and width were 25.47°,121.3°,4.32 cm and 3.81cm respectively at final follow-up.Three patients had flap necrosis at incision site and one had superficial and deep infection.Subtalar arthritis was seen in 5 patients,whereas sural nerve hypoaesthesia in 1 patient.None of the patients had compartment syndrome,heel pad problems,peroneal tendinitis,reflex sympathetic dystropy or implant failure.Conclusion：Open reduction and internal fixation with locking calcaneal plate gives sound functional outcome,i.e.restoring anatomically reconstruction of height,width,Bohler＇s and Gissiane＇s angles of the calcaneum,and allowing early mobilization.
文摘Background:Esophageal replacement in children is an option that is confined to very few situations including long-gap esophageal atresia and esophageal strictures unresponsive to other therapies(peptic or caustic ingestion).The purpose of our work was to describe the experience of gastric transposition in three Italian centers.Methods:This is a retrospective study.The data were extrapolated from a prospective database.We included all patients who had undergone gastric transposition in the last 15 years.Results:In the 15-year period,eight infants and children(3 males and 5 females)underwent gastric transposition for esophageal replacement.Six patients had long-gap esophageal atresia,and two had caustic esophageal stenosis.There were no deaths in the series.Three patients had an early postoperative complication:two had a self-limited salivary fistula at three weeks,and one(a patient with jejunostomy)had a jejunal perforation treated surgically.One late complication,anastomotic stricture,was recorded that required two endoscopic dilatations.The median follow-up was 60 months(range:18–144 months).At final clinical follow-up,six patients had no eating problems,and two patients had some difficulties with eating(jejunostomy in situ),but they underwent logopedic therapy with improved outcomes.All patients had an increase in body weight and height postoperatively.Conclusion:Our small study reports the clinical experience of three Italian centers in which gastric transposition was performed with excellent results,both in terms of surgical technique(simplicity,reproducibility,complication rate)and clinical follow-up(good oral feeding of young patients,normal social life and regular growth curves).
