汉语中的人称代词是汉语词类中最常用的一类,在叙事语句中人物对话为规约化直接凸显的信息,其中展现的信息可分为“情感”达与“权力”结构两类。本文专门探讨了《红楼梦》中出现的所有人称代词的类别,并进一步探究不同人称代词所蕴含...汉语中的人称代词是汉语词类中最常用的一类,在叙事语句中人物对话为规约化直接凸显的信息,其中展现的信息可分为“情感”达与“权力”结构两类。本文专门探讨了《红楼梦》中出现的所有人称代词的类别,并进一步探究不同人称代词所蕴含的立场,尤其文本中某些人称代词通过移指所实现的不同语用效果。 In Chinese, personal pronouns belong to one of the most frequently utilized lexical categories, and their appearances in narrative dialogues conventionally and prominently emphasize information related to the characters. The information conveyed through these pronouns can be categorized into two dimensions: “emotional” expressions and “power” structures. This paper specifically delves into the classification of all personal pronouns employed in the classical Chinese novel Dream of the Red Mansions (Honglou Meng), and further examines the stances embodied within different personal pronouns. In particular, it scrutinizes the diverse pragmatic effects achieved by the shifting references (transference) of certain personal pronouns in the text.展开更多
Objective: To improve the method of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation and to establish a more physiological rat model. Methods: SD rats served as donors and recipients. The vein was reconstructed by end-to-side anas...Objective: To improve the method of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation and to establish a more physiological rat model. Methods: SD rats served as donors and recipients. The vein was reconstructed by end-to-side anastomosis between the donor portal vein and the recipient superior mesenteric vein, and arterial reconstruction was carried out by end-to-side anastomosis of the donor to the recipient abdominal aorta. Enteric drainage was performed by side-to-side anastomosis between the duodenum of donors and that of recipients. Results: Fifty experiments were performed. The successful rate of transplantation which restored the recipients euglycemia were 78%. Conclusion: This model of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in rats was stable and reliable, which was in accordance with the trend of clinical pancreas transplantation and could be applied for further scientific research.展开更多
The most popular hardware used for parallel depth migration is the PC-Cluster but its application is limited due to large space occupation and high power consumption. In this paper, we introduce a new hardware archite...The most popular hardware used for parallel depth migration is the PC-Cluster but its application is limited due to large space occupation and high power consumption. In this paper, we introduce a new hardware architecture, based on which the finite difference （FD） wavefield-continuation depth migration can be conducted using the Graphics Processing Unit （GPU） as a CPU coprocessor. We demonstrate the program module and three key optimization steps for implementing FD depth migration： memory, thread structure, and instruction optimizations and consider evaluation methods for the amount of optimization. 2D and 3D models are used to test depth migration on the GPU. The tested results show that the depth migration computational efficiency greatly increased using the general-purpose GPU, increasing by at least 25 times compared to the AMD 2.5 GHz CPU.展开更多
Chronic hepatitis C is a major reason for development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and a leading cause for liver transplantation. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents lead to(pegylated) inter...Chronic hepatitis C is a major reason for development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and a leading cause for liver transplantation. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents lead to(pegylated) interferon-alfa free antiviral therapy regimens with a remarkable increase in sustained virologic response(SVR) rates and opened therapeutic options for patients with advanced cirrhosis and liver graft recipients. This concise review gives an overview about most current prospective trials and cohort analyses for treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis and liver graft recipients. In patients with compensated cirrhosis Child-Pugh-Turcotte(CTP) class A, all approved agents are safe and SVR rates do not significantly differ from patients without cirrhosis in general. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis CTP class B or C, daclastasvir, ledipasvir, velpatasvir, and sofosbuvir are approved, and SVR rates higher than 90% can be achieved. Especially for patients with a model of end stage liver disease score higher than 15 and therefore eligible for liver transplantation, data is scarce. Reported SVR rates in patients with cirrhosis CTP class C are lower compared to patients with a less severe liver disease. In liver transplant recipients with a maximum of CTP class A, SVR rates are comparable to patients without LT. Patients with decompensated graft cirrhosis should be treated on an individual basis.展开更多
Constitutive activation of KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors （GISTs）. But there is little information on whether combination of imatinib mesyla...Constitutive activation of KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors （GISTs）. But there is little information on whether combination of imatinib mesylate （IM） and surgical treatment can prolong survival in the cases with unresectable multiple liver metastases. We report a case of postoperative recurrence of GIST treated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor IN and surgical treatment. The initial complete response （CR） to treatment continued for 18 mo, but single liver metastasis showed regrowth in the left hepatic lobe during IN treatment. After partial resection of the recurrent tumor, postoperative course was uneventful and the patient has survived without recurrence for 24 too. Currently, imatinib is the first- line therapy for non-resectable GISTs, but a single agent therapy often leads to tumor resistance. Even if tolerance to imatinib occurs, a combination of imatinib and surgical treatment can prolong survival in some cases as reported here. However, further studies on a large number of cases of recurrent GIST are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of IN treatment combined with surgery.展开更多
Small bowel metastases from primary carcinoma of the lung are very uncommon and occur usually in patients with terminal stage disease. These metastases are usually asymptomatic, but may present as perforation, obstruc...Small bowel metastases from primary carcinoma of the lung are very uncommon and occur usually in patients with terminal stage disease. These metastases are usually asymptomatic, but may present as perforation, obstruction, malabsorption, or hemorrhage. Hemorrhage as a first presentation of small bowel metastases is extremely rare and is related to very poor patient survival. We describe a case of a 61- year old patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the lung, presenting with melena as the first manifestation of small bowel metastasis. Both primary tumor and metastatic lesions were diagnosed almost simultaneously. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed with a colonoscope revealed active bleeding from a metastatic tumor involving the duodenum and the proximal jejunum. Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy specimen strongly supported the diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting that small bowel metastases from primary carcinoma of the lung occur usually in patients with terminal disease and rarely produce symptoms. Gastrointestinal bleeding from metastatic small intestinal lesions should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal blood loss in a patient with a known bronchogenic tumor.展开更多
Compliant mechanisms transfer an input force or displacement to another point through elastic body deformation. The field of compliant mechanisms is expected to continue to grow as materials with superior properties a...Compliant mechanisms transfer an input force or displacement to another point through elastic body deformation. The field of compliant mechanisms is expected to continue to grow as materials with superior properties are developed. The paper takes into consideration some typical spring guiding systems, being able to realize translating planar displacement of the link. Some types of compound spring guiding systems, such as S-shaped guiding spring system, U-shaped guiding spring system and four spring guiding system with additional rigid-body link have been considered and analyzed as compliant structures. The mobility as well as guiding accuracy of the developed compliant mechanisms, that is, their capability to realize translating planar displacement of the link, have been researched, and the optimal dimensions of the mechanism have been determined in order to provide minimal guiding inaccuracy.展开更多
In this paper, the function characteristics of instruction are introduced, and the focus is on contact compare instruction and the characteristics of the transfer instructions. With the traffic lights control as an ex...In this paper, the function characteristics of instruction are introduced, and the focus is on contact compare instruction and the characteristics of the transfer instructions. With the traffic lights control as an example, this paper proposes the application of contact compare instruction and transfer instruction to program design method, making the program structure compact and statement concise. The control requirements are easily completed. Key words： Function Instruction; Programming; Traffic Lights; Contact Compare Instruction; Transfer展开更多
Studies were initiated for two consecutive years to find out the effect of time of transplanting and seedlings hill^-l on the productivity of rice in Dera Ismail Khan district of North West Frontier Province （NWFP）,...Studies were initiated for two consecutive years to find out the effect of time of transplanting and seedlings hill^-l on the productivity of rice in Dera Ismail Khan district of North West Frontier Province （NWFP）, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. Main plots consisted of four transplanting dates viz. 20th and 27th of June and 4th and 1 lth of July while sub-plots contained 1, 2, 3 or 4 seedlings hill^-1. Among transplanting dates, June 20th planted crop gave highest paddy yield and net return with I seedling hill^-1. It explains that the use of more seedlings hill^-1 not only adds to cost but is also a mere wastage of natural resources. Based on research findings, we conclude that the use of I seedling hill^-1 is most appropriate for timely sowing otherwise 4 seedlings hill^-1 should be used to compensate for the yield gap in late transplanted rice.展开更多
文摘汉语中的人称代词是汉语词类中最常用的一类,在叙事语句中人物对话为规约化直接凸显的信息,其中展现的信息可分为“情感”达与“权力”结构两类。本文专门探讨了《红楼梦》中出现的所有人称代词的类别,并进一步探究不同人称代词所蕴含的立场,尤其文本中某些人称代词通过移指所实现的不同语用效果。 In Chinese, personal pronouns belong to one of the most frequently utilized lexical categories, and their appearances in narrative dialogues conventionally and prominently emphasize information related to the characters. The information conveyed through these pronouns can be categorized into two dimensions: “emotional” expressions and “power” structures. This paper specifically delves into the classification of all personal pronouns employed in the classical Chinese novel Dream of the Red Mansions (Honglou Meng), and further examines the stances embodied within different personal pronouns. In particular, it scrutinizes the diverse pragmatic effects achieved by the shifting references (transference) of certain personal pronouns in the text.
文摘Objective: To improve the method of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation and to establish a more physiological rat model. Methods: SD rats served as donors and recipients. The vein was reconstructed by end-to-side anastomosis between the donor portal vein and the recipient superior mesenteric vein, and arterial reconstruction was carried out by end-to-side anastomosis of the donor to the recipient abdominal aorta. Enteric drainage was performed by side-to-side anastomosis between the duodenum of donors and that of recipients. Results: Fifty experiments were performed. The successful rate of transplantation which restored the recipients euglycemia were 78%. Conclusion: This model of pancreaticoduodenal transplantation in rats was stable and reliable, which was in accordance with the trend of clinical pancreas transplantation and could be applied for further scientific research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41104083 and 40804024) Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No, 2011YYL022)
文摘The most popular hardware used for parallel depth migration is the PC-Cluster but its application is limited due to large space occupation and high power consumption. In this paper, we introduce a new hardware architecture, based on which the finite difference （FD） wavefield-continuation depth migration can be conducted using the Graphics Processing Unit （GPU） as a CPU coprocessor. We demonstrate the program module and three key optimization steps for implementing FD depth migration： memory, thread structure, and instruction optimizations and consider evaluation methods for the amount of optimization. 2D and 3D models are used to test depth migration on the GPU. The tested results show that the depth migration computational efficiency greatly increased using the general-purpose GPU, increasing by at least 25 times compared to the AMD 2.5 GHz CPU.
文摘Chronic hepatitis C is a major reason for development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and a leading cause for liver transplantation. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents lead to(pegylated) interferon-alfa free antiviral therapy regimens with a remarkable increase in sustained virologic response(SVR) rates and opened therapeutic options for patients with advanced cirrhosis and liver graft recipients. This concise review gives an overview about most current prospective trials and cohort analyses for treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis and liver graft recipients. In patients with compensated cirrhosis Child-Pugh-Turcotte(CTP) class A, all approved agents are safe and SVR rates do not significantly differ from patients without cirrhosis in general. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis CTP class B or C, daclastasvir, ledipasvir, velpatasvir, and sofosbuvir are approved, and SVR rates higher than 90% can be achieved. Especially for patients with a model of end stage liver disease score higher than 15 and therefore eligible for liver transplantation, data is scarce. Reported SVR rates in patients with cirrhosis CTP class C are lower compared to patients with a less severe liver disease. In liver transplant recipients with a maximum of CTP class A, SVR rates are comparable to patients without LT. Patients with decompensated graft cirrhosis should be treated on an individual basis.
基金Supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Health and Welfare and from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, and by grants from the Uehara Memorial Foundation and Inamori Foundation, Japan
文摘Constitutive activation of KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors （GISTs）. But there is little information on whether combination of imatinib mesylate （IM） and surgical treatment can prolong survival in the cases with unresectable multiple liver metastases. We report a case of postoperative recurrence of GIST treated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor IN and surgical treatment. The initial complete response （CR） to treatment continued for 18 mo, but single liver metastasis showed regrowth in the left hepatic lobe during IN treatment. After partial resection of the recurrent tumor, postoperative course was uneventful and the patient has survived without recurrence for 24 too. Currently, imatinib is the first- line therapy for non-resectable GISTs, but a single agent therapy often leads to tumor resistance. Even if tolerance to imatinib occurs, a combination of imatinib and surgical treatment can prolong survival in some cases as reported here. However, further studies on a large number of cases of recurrent GIST are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of IN treatment combined with surgery.
文摘Small bowel metastases from primary carcinoma of the lung are very uncommon and occur usually in patients with terminal stage disease. These metastases are usually asymptomatic, but may present as perforation, obstruction, malabsorption, or hemorrhage. Hemorrhage as a first presentation of small bowel metastases is extremely rare and is related to very poor patient survival. We describe a case of a 61- year old patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the lung, presenting with melena as the first manifestation of small bowel metastasis. Both primary tumor and metastatic lesions were diagnosed almost simultaneously. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed with a colonoscope revealed active bleeding from a metastatic tumor involving the duodenum and the proximal jejunum. Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy specimen strongly supported the diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting that small bowel metastases from primary carcinoma of the lung occur usually in patients with terminal disease and rarely produce symptoms. Gastrointestinal bleeding from metastatic small intestinal lesions should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal blood loss in a patient with a known bronchogenic tumor.
文摘Compliant mechanisms transfer an input force or displacement to another point through elastic body deformation. The field of compliant mechanisms is expected to continue to grow as materials with superior properties are developed. The paper takes into consideration some typical spring guiding systems, being able to realize translating planar displacement of the link. Some types of compound spring guiding systems, such as S-shaped guiding spring system, U-shaped guiding spring system and four spring guiding system with additional rigid-body link have been considered and analyzed as compliant structures. The mobility as well as guiding accuracy of the developed compliant mechanisms, that is, their capability to realize translating planar displacement of the link, have been researched, and the optimal dimensions of the mechanism have been determined in order to provide minimal guiding inaccuracy.
文摘In this paper, the function characteristics of instruction are introduced, and the focus is on contact compare instruction and the characteristics of the transfer instructions. With the traffic lights control as an example, this paper proposes the application of contact compare instruction and transfer instruction to program design method, making the program structure compact and statement concise. The control requirements are easily completed. Key words： Function Instruction; Programming; Traffic Lights; Contact Compare Instruction; Transfer
文摘Studies were initiated for two consecutive years to find out the effect of time of transplanting and seedlings hill^-l on the productivity of rice in Dera Ismail Khan district of North West Frontier Province （NWFP）, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. Main plots consisted of four transplanting dates viz. 20th and 27th of June and 4th and 1 lth of July while sub-plots contained 1, 2, 3 or 4 seedlings hill^-1. Among transplanting dates, June 20th planted crop gave highest paddy yield and net return with I seedling hill^-1. It explains that the use of more seedlings hill^-1 not only adds to cost but is also a mere wastage of natural resources. Based on research findings, we conclude that the use of I seedling hill^-1 is most appropriate for timely sowing otherwise 4 seedlings hill^-1 should be used to compensate for the yield gap in late transplanted rice.
