多年生盘架子树的反季节移植再生技术

盘架子树是多年生常绿乔木 ,是城市庭院理想绿化树种之一。该树种在广西北海地区进行反季节移植再生 ,试验获得成功。移植时 ,根系切口用生根粉 (ATP)处理 ,长根快 ,数量多 ,成活率高 ,恢复生长快。为城市全年绿化、美化提供了有效的途径。

骨髓间充质干细胞与部分肝移植术后肝再生

骨髓间充质干细胞是中胚层来源的具有特殊免疫学性质和多向分化潜能的干细胞,在特定的条件下可诱导分化为有功能的肝细胞或类肝样细胞,有促进移植肝再生的可能;同时通过其免疫调节功能诱导受者特异性免疫耐受,以利于移植肝的长期存活。现就两者相关性的研究作系统的综述。

论民族音乐学的跨学科研究之基础

民族音乐学的学科确立从一开始就有了跨学科的性质,但在现代学科聚散共生的发展趋势中,学科发散为民族音乐学跨学科研究提供了多角度、广范围的学术视野,而学科聚合则为民族音乐学跨学科研究寻求了一条具体的实现途径。民族音乐学以不同地区不同民族的音乐现象和音乐成品为研究对象是跨学科研究的必要前提。当下的民族音乐学研究横跨了自然科学、社会科学以及人文科学和技术科学四大领域,实现构建完善的民族音乐学学科理论体系,成为民族音乐学跨学科研究的最终目标。

发泡法与自体表皮细胞移植治疗面颈部白癜风美学效果的比较研究

目的探讨发泡法移植技术与非培养自体表皮细胞移植再生技术在面颈部稳定期白癜风外科治疗的差异与美学意义。方法2016年5月至2020年5月,北京协和医院整形美容外科与南京华厦白癜风医院治疗面颈部稳定期白癜风患者64例,男25例、女39例;年龄10~46岁,平均25岁。随机数字表法分为发泡法移植组和自体表皮移植组,每组32例;分别于术后3个月和6个月计算两组患者的治疗有效率、色素沉着、拼缝畸形出现情况。结果发泡法移植组:治疗后3个月有效22例(68.75%),6个月有效29例(90.63%);自体表皮移植组:治疗后3个月有效19例(59.37%),6个月有效28例(87.50%);两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。自体表皮移植组在术后3个月及6个月未出现色素沉着及拼缝畸形患者,效果优于发泡法移植组。结论非培养自体表皮细胞移植再生技术治疗白癜风更符合患者的美学需求。

Role of ischaemic preconditioning in liver regeneration following major liver resection and transplantation

Liver ischaemic preconditioning （IPC） is known to protect the liver from the detrimental effects of ischaemic-reperfusion injury （IRI）, which contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality following major liver surgery. Recent studies have focused on the role of IPC in liver regeneration, the precise mechanism of which are not completely understood. This review discusses the current understanding of the mechanism of liver regeneration and the role of IPC in this setting. Relevant articles were reviewed from the published literature using the Medline database. The search was performed using the keywords ＂liver＂, ＂ischaemic reperfusion＇, ＂ischaemic preconditioning＂, ＂regeneration＂, ＂hepatectomy＂ and ＂transplantation＂. The underlying mechanism of liver regeneration is a complex process involving the interaction of cytokines, growth factors and the metabolic demand of the liver. IPC, through various mediators, promotes liver regeneration by up-regulating growth-promoting factors and suppresses growth-inhibiting factors as well as damaging stresses. The increased understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in IPC will enable the development of alternative treatment modalities aimed at promoting liver regeneration following major liver resection and transplantation.

Elevation of vascular endothelial growth factor production and its effect on revascularization and function of graft islets in diabetic rats

AIM: To determine whether the elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression produced by the transfected vascular endothelial cells (VECs) could stimulate angiogenesis of the graft islets and exert its effect on the graft function. METHODS: Thirty diabetic recipient rats were divided into three groups (n = 10 per group). In the control group,300 IEQ islets were transplanted in each rat under the capsule of the right kidney,which were considered as marginal grafts. In the VEC group,VEC together with the islets were transplanted in each rat. In the VEGF group,VEC transfected by pIRES2-EGFP/ VEGF165 plasmid and the islets were transplanted in each rat. Blood glucose and insulin levels were evaluated every other day after operation. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed 10 d after the transplantation. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the histological features of the graft islets. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect insulin-6,VEGF and CD34 (MVD) expression in the graft islets. RESULTS: Blood glucose and insulin levels in the VEGF group restored to normal 3 d after transplantation. In contrast,diabetic rats receiving the same islets with or without normal VECs displayed moderate hyperglycemia and insulin,without a significant difference between these two groups. IVGTT showed that both the amplitude of blood glucose induction and the kinetics of blood glucose in the VEGF group restored to normal after transplantation. H&E and immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of a large amount of graft islets under the capsule of the kidney,which were positively stained with insulin-6 and VEGF antibodies in the VEGF group. In the cell masses,CD34-stained VECs were observed. The similar masses were also seen in the other two groups,but with a fewer positive cells stained with insulin-6 and CD34 antibodies. No VEGF-positive cells appeared in these groups. Microvessel density (MVD) was significantly higher in the VEGF group compared to the other two groups. CONCLUSION: Elevated VEGF production by trans-fected vascular endothelial cells in the site of islet transplantation stimulates angiogenesis of the islet grafts. The accelerated islet revascularization in early stage could improve the outcome of islet transplantation,and enhance the graft survival.

Effects of NGF and TrkA on GAP-43^+ nerve regeneration in rat autotransplanted splenic tissue

Objective:To study the time-course of the regeneration of GAP-43+ nerve, and the effects of NGF and TrkA on this process. Methods: Adult Wistar rats underwent splenectomy and splenic autotransplantation, or sham-operation. On day 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 after surgery, the density of GAP-43+ nerve fibers in spleen tissues were measured with the immunohistochemistry followed by computer image analysis. The expressions of GAP-43, NGF and TrkA were determined with in situ hybrdization, and their mRNA levels were detected with RT-PCR and image analysis qualification. Results: (1) The GAP-43+ nerve fibers began their regeneration on 30 d after operation and extended from greater omentum into splenic autotransplants. Density of the nerve fibers gradually became greater and almost normal 180 d after operation. (2) In splenic autografts, the mRNA expression of GAP-43, NGF and TrkA appeared on day 30 after the operation, gradually reached the peak on day 90. Conclusion: The renascent GAP-43+ nerve fibers may come from the greater omentum packaging the splenic autografts and NGF and TrkA can promote the nerval regeneration in the autotransplant spleen tissues.

Macro-regenerative nodules in biliary atresia:CT/MRI findings and their pathological relations

AIM: To describe the radiological findings of a macro-regenerative nodule (MRN) in the liver of pre-transplantation biliary atresia (BA) patients and to correlate it with histological findings. METHODS: Between August 1990 and November 2007, 144 BA patients underwent liver transplantation (LT) at our institution. The pre-transplantation computer tomograghy (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were reviewed and correlated with the post-transplantation pathological findings. RESULTS: Nine tumor lesions in 7 patients were diagnosed in explanted livers. The post-transplantation pathological findings showed that all the lesions were MRNs without malignant features. No small nodule was detected by either MRI or CT. Of the 8 detectable lesions, 6 (75%) were in the central part of the liver, 5 (63%) were larger than 5 cm, 5 (63%) had intra- tumor tubular structures, 3 (38%) showed enhancing fibrous septa, 3 (38%) had arterial enhancement in CT, one (13%) showed enhancement in MRI, and one (13%) had internal calcifications. CONCLUSION: Although varied in radiological appearance, MRN can be differentiated from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in most of BA patients awaiting LT. The presence of an arterial-enhancingnodule does not imply that LT is withheld solely on the basis of presumed malignancy by imaging studies. Liver biopsy may be required in aid of diagnostic imaging to exclude malignancy.

视神经保护治疗的研究进展

视神经保护是一种治疗方法。广义而言，任何能预防，阻止或延缓神经节细胞（RGCs）凋亡的治疗都可定义为神经保护治疗。狭义的是指药物直接作用于视网膜和视神经而达到预防，阻止或延缓RGCs的死亡为目的。现代研究证明，RGCs的凋亡是可以阻止的，受损的RGCs可以再生并重新恢复功能。现就有关治疗综述如下。

Present and future cell therapies for pancreatic beta cell replenishment

If only at a small scale,islet transplantation has successfully addressed what ought to be the primary endpoint of any cell therapy:the functional replenishment of damaged tissue in patients.After years of less-thanoptimal approaches to immunosuppression,recent advances consistently yield long-term graft survival rates comparable to those of whole pancreas transplantation.Limited organ availability is the main hurdle that stands in the way of the widespread clinical utilization of this pioneering intervention.Progress in stem cell research over the past decade,coupled with our decades-long experience with islet transplantation,is shaping the future of cell therapies for the treatment of diabetes.Here we review the most promising avenues of research aimed at generating an inexhaustible supply of insulin-producing cells for islet regeneration,including the differentiation of pluripotent and multipotent stem cells of embryonic and adult origin along the beta cell lineage and the direct reprogramming of non-endocrine tissues into insulin-producing cells.

How regenerative medicine and tissue engineering may complement the available armamentarium in gastroenterology?

The increasing shortage of donors and the adverse effects of immunosuppression have restricted the impact of solid organ transplantation.Despite the initial promising developments in xenotransplantation,roadblocks still need to be overcome and this form of organ support remains a long way from clinical practice.While hepatocyte transplantation may be effectively correct metabolic defects,it is far less effective in restoring liver function than liver transplantation.Tissue engineering,using extracellular matrix scaffolds with an intact but decellularized vascular network that is repopulated with autologous or allogeneic stem cells and/or adult cells,holds great promise for the treatment of failure of organs within gastrointestinal tract,such as endstage liver disease,pancreatic insufficiency,bowel failure and type 1 diabetes.Particularly in the liver field,where there is a significant mortality of patients awaiting transplant,human bioengineering may offer a source of readily available organs for transplantation.The use of autologous cells will mitigate the need for long term immunosuppression thus removing a major hurdle in transplantation.

牙髓炎的活髓保存及再生治疗新进展:从基础到临床

近年关于牙髓炎治疗的研究取得了较大进展,这主要得益于牙髓炎治疗的基础和临床研究的飞速进展,一些基础研究已转化为临床实践。牙髓炎检测方法的研究进展可以帮助临床医师更准确地诊断牙髓炎的状态,并采取相应的治疗手段,包括间接或直接盖髓术、牙髓切断术、牙髓再生术和根管治疗术等。针对牙髓炎的诊断理念、牙髓免疫防御和修复功能研究以及新型盖髓剂材料研究均有了较大进展,牙髓炎的活髓保存治疗成功率显著提高。对于难以实现活髓保存治疗的弥漫性冠髓炎或根髓炎,除根管治疗术外,牙髓血运重建、细胞归巢和牙髓干细胞移植牙髓再生等牙髓再生术也可作为一种治疗选择。本文重点阐述牙髓炎治疗研究进展和相关的临床转化实践,旨在为牙髓炎的活髓保存和牙髓再生治疗提供参考。

应用多孔小牛骨治疗各种骨缺损的有效性：临床观察和文献回顾

骨再生技术的发展使得骨移植替代材料的需求程度增大，多孔去蛋白小牛骨材料（Porous deproteinized bovine bone material,PBBM)是一种生物相容性好的的源性骨移植材料，在钛种植体植入之前或植入同期用于各种骨缺损的植骨治疗。本文描述了PBBM在新鲜拔牙创，解剖性骨缺损和上颌窦底提升术中的应用，根据每位患者的具体临床情况决定是否在移植骨表面覆盖膜来诱导骨组织再生，PBBM能与新增生的骨组织很好地合并，并相互融合，但即使术后12个月，临床检查还能分辨出原有骨床和再生新骨之间的界限，X线片复查也能区分出移植骨部分，PBBM生物相容性好，移植术后临床效果满意。

Affects of different access routes on autologous satellite cell implantation stimulating myocardial regeneration

To study the effect of different access routes on autologous satellite cell implantation to stimulate myocardial regeneration Methods Satellite cells were procured from skeletal muscle (gluteus max) of adult mongrel canine, cultured, proliferated and labeled with 4’,6 diamidino 2 phenylindone (DAPI) in vitro The cells were autologously implanted into the site of acute myocardial infarction by local injection or perfusion through the ligated distal left anterior descending coronary artery Specimens were harvested 2, 4 and 8 weeks later for histological study Results The labeling efficiency of satellite cells with DAPI was close to 100% Fluorescent cells were found at the infarcted zone, papillary muscle and local injection site Some of these cells had progressively differentiated into striated muscle fibers connected to intercalated discs The infant cells appeared different from the mature myocardium under an electron microscope Satellite cells implanted by perfusion through the coronary artery were arranged in order of consistency with host myocardial fibers The satellite cells, implanted by local injection, were found growing in a disordered way Conclusion Satellite cells, implanted by coronary artery perfusion, can progressively differentiate into striated muscle fibers, arranging in order and disseminating over the infarcted zone This approach seems more favorable for the recovery of myocardial contractile function than that of local injection

Influence of cryopreserved olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation on axonal regeneration in spinal cord of adult rats

Objective: To observe the effects of cryopreserved olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplantation on axonal regeneration and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in adult rats. Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into experimental and control groups, each group having 12 rats. The spinal cord injury was established by transecting the spinal cord at T 10 level with microsurgery scissors. OECs were purified from SD rat olfactory bulb and cultured in DMEM (Dulbeccos minimum essential medium) and cryopreserved (-120℃) for two weeks. OECs suspension [(1-1.4)×10 5/ul] was transplanted into transected spinal cord, while the DMEM solution was injected instead in the control group. At 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation, the rats were evaluated with climbing test and MEP (moter evoked potentials) monitoring. The samples of spinal cord were procured and studied with histological and immunohisto chemical stainings. Results: At 6 weeks after transplantation, all of the rats in both transplanted and control groups were paraplegic, and MEPs could not be recorded. Morphology of transplanted OECs was normal, and OECs were interfused with host well. Axons could regrow into gap tissue between the spinal cords. Both OECs and regrown axons were immunoreactive for MBP. No regrown axons were found in the control group. At 12 weeks after transplantation, 2 rats (2/7) had lower extremities muscle contraction, 2 rats (2/7) had hip and/or knee active movement, and MEP of 5 rats (5/7) could be recorded in the calf in the transplantation group. None of the rats (7/7) in the control group had functional improvement, and none had MEPs recorded. In the transplanted group, histological and immunohistochemical methods showed the number of transplanted OECs reduced and some regrown axons had reached the end of transected spinal cord. However, no regrown axons could be seen except scar formation in the control group. Conclusions: Cryopreserved OECs could integrated with the host and promote regrowing axons across the transected spinal cord ends.

Long-term follow-up of haploidentical transplantation in relapsed/refractory severe aplastic anemia:a multicenter prospective study

In recent decades,haploidentical stem cell transplantation(haplo-SCT)to treat severe aplastic anemia(SAA)has achieved remarkable progress.However,long-term results are still lacking.We conducted a multicenter prospective study involving SAA patients who underwent haplo-SCT as salvage therapy.Long-term outcomes were assessed,mainly focusing on survival and quality of life(QoL).Longitudinal QoL was prospectively evaluated during pretransplantation and at 3 and 5 years posttransplantation using the SF-36 scale in adults and the PedsQL 4.0 scale in children.A total of 287 SAA patients were enrolled,and the median follow-up was 4.56 years(range,3.01–9.05 years)among surviving patients.During the long-term follow-up,268 of 275 evaluable patients(97.5%)obtained sustained full donor chimerism,and 93.4%had complete hematopoietic recovery.The estimated overall survival and failure-free survival for the whole cohort at 9 years were 85.4%±2.1%and 84.0%±2.2%,respectively.Age(≥18 years)and a poorer performance status(ECOG>1)were identified as risk factors for survival outcomes.For Qo L recovery after haplo-SCT,we found that QoL progressively improved from pretransplantation to the 3-year and 5-year time points with statistical significance.The occurrence of chronic graft versus host disease was a risk factor predicting poorer QoL scores in both the child and adult cohorts.At the last followup,74.0%of children and 72.9%of adults returned to normal school or work.These inspiring long-term outcomes suggest that salvage transplantation with haploidentical donors can be routine practice for SAA patients without human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-matched donors.