Diacylglycerol acyltransferase （DGAT） is the key enzyme that catalyzes the triacylglycerol biosynthesis. The comparative analysis was performed on the DGAT1 genes of cotton and other model plants. Sequence analysis ...Diacylglycerol acyltransferase （DGAT） is the key enzyme that catalyzes the triacylglycerol biosynthesis. The comparative analysis was performed on the DGAT1 genes of cotton and other model plants. Sequence analysis showed that most of the DGAT1 genes,with high variation of intron length and high conservation of intron phrase,from the cotton and other model plants had 16 exons. Additionally, 7 conserved motifs were present in these DGAT1 proteins. The core motifs were overlapped with the functional domain of DGAT1 protein. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that gene tree was highly consistent to species tree,suggesting that the evolutionary history of species was revealed by gene tree. There was single copy of DGAT1 gene in cotton,but at least two duplicated DGAT1 genes were iden- tified in rice,maize,poplar and moss genomes. The selective pressure analysis showed that the PtDGATla/PtDGATlb was under positive selection,but other four pairs of homologous genes were under negative selection. 17 positively selected sites were identified at subgroup level （P〉0.05）,suggesting these subgroups under relaxed functional constraint. The findings provide a basis for further studying func- tion and evolution of DGAT1 genes in cotton and other model plants.展开更多
The novel reactive transfer printing of silk was carried out through a hot-press adhesion and steaming. The special transfer paper was prepared by coating the paste mainly containing hot-melt adhesive hlgh-substituted...The novel reactive transfer printing of silk was carried out through a hot-press adhesion and steaming. The special transfer paper was prepared by coating the paste mainly containing hot-melt adhesive hlgh-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose （H-HPC） and printing thickener earboxymethyl cellulose （CMC）. The effects of each ingredient in the paste on color yield of the prints and dye penetration were investigated. The major results indicate that, color yield is chiefly governed by the adhesion extent imparted by H-HPC, the type of fixing alkaline agent, and the content of urea. Trichloroacetic acid （TCAA） as the fixing alkaline agent and adding 5% urea can enhance the color depth obviously. Dye penetration depends on the coating quantity on the transfer paper, the contents of urea and dicyandiamide. The printed silk possesses a higher color yield, color fastness of grade 3 or above, clear sharpness, and good handle when the paste contains 3 % H-HPC, 0. 7 % CMC, 3 % TCAA, 5 % urea, 3 % dicyandiamide, and 0. 5 % physical sorbent nano-silica.展开更多
In recent years, grafting to improve salt-tolerance of vegetables has been studied extensively. The rootstock species, Solanum melongena cv Black Beauty, Solanum lycopersicum cv Akash and Solanum nigrum （bitter gumma...In recent years, grafting to improve salt-tolerance of vegetables has been studied extensively. The rootstock species, Solanum melongena cv Black Beauty, Solanum lycopersicum cv Akash and Solanum nigrum （bitter gumma）, reportedly salt-tolerant, were evaluated for their graft compatibility with Capsicum chinense cv Scotch Bonnet. Grafted and non-grafted plants were grown for three weeks under greenhouse conditions. Graft compatibility was determined by the regeneration of vascular bundles across the graft interface and vegetative growth parameters. The results showed that the highest survival percentage （100%） was obtained in the Scotch Bonnet/Black Beauty heterografts and the lowest （16%） was obtained in the Scotch Bonnet/bitter gumma heterografts. Vascular regeneration across the graft interface was seen in Scotch Bonnet autografts and heterografts with Black Beauty. Graft incompatibility observed in heterografts on Akash and bitter gumma rootstocks could be attributed to the presence of a necrotic layer at the graft interface. In conclusion, progressive scion growth and development and the regeneration of vascular bundles across the graft interface are effective in determining graft compatibility between Scotch Bonnet and selected solanceous species. This suggests that Scotch Bonnet can be cultivated under saline growing condition.展开更多
An increasing number of monopartite begomoviruses are being identified that a satellite molecule (DNAβ) is required to induce typical symptoms in host plants. DNAβ encodes a single gene (termed βC1) encoded in the ...An increasing number of monopartite begomoviruses are being identified that a satellite molecule (DNAβ) is required to induce typical symptoms in host plants. DNAβ encodes a single gene (termed βC1) encoded in the complementary-sense. We have produced transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum plants expressing theβC1 gene of a DNAβ associated with Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV), under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Transgenic plants expressing βC1 showed severe developmental abnormalities in both species. Microscopic analysis of sections of both transgenic and non-transgenic N. tabacum leaves showed abnormal outgrowths of transgenic N. tabacum to be due to disorganized cell division (hyperplasia) of spongy and palisade parenchyma. Immuno-gold labeling of sections with a polyclonal antibody against the βC1 protein showed that the βC1 protein accumulated in the nuclei of cells. The possible biological function of the βC1 protein was discussed.展开更多
TThhiiss ssttuuddyy were carried out in the Experimental Forest (37 48?10?N, 127 48?50?E) of Gangwon Forest Development Institute, Gamjeong-ri, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Province, Korea from Dec. 1999 to Jul. 2002. Eight...TThhiiss ssttuuddyy were carried out in the Experimental Forest (37 48?10?N, 127 48?50?E) of Gangwon Forest Development Institute, Gamjeong-ri, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Province, Korea from Dec. 1999 to Jul. 2002. Eight individuals (three males and five females) of hazel grouse were captured and they were marked with a 14-g necklace-type transmitter. The surveying results showed that females were more active than males throughout the year, but males were more mobile than females in spring. The degree of movement for females and males was similar from summer to winter. The overlap degree of habitat was very large from spring to autumn. Hazel grouse had greater shifts in area use in winter. They used similar area from spring to autumn, made a shift in their habitat use in winter, and then shifted back to the previous habitat.展开更多
Solar coronal loops are frequently accompanied by the field-aligned currents, which drive instabilities if the drift velocity u0 > v A the Alfv′en velocity. For our choice of parameters, the critical threshold val...Solar coronal loops are frequently accompanied by the field-aligned currents, which drive instabilities if the drift velocity u0 > v A the Alfv′en velocity. For our choice of parameters, the critical threshold value of u0/v A is ～ 3.0 for growth and the corresponding current filling factor ～ 10-3-10-4. Below this value we are no longer in the kinetic regime.The coronal loops also have short-scale density gradients within each loop. The electron resonance in the presence of density gradient causes the drift mode to grow. We study the effect of these two free energy sources, the electron drift and the density gradient, in the presence of temperature anisotropy T⊥_α > T∥_α. These effects simultaneously exist in the coronae. Using gyrokinetic theory, we investigate the influence of these effects, examine how they interplay with each other and study the consequent growth of the magnetosonic wave. We observe that kinetic instability driven by density gradient can be suppressed by field-aligned currents. The temperature anisotropy with chosen signatures causes further stabilizing effect. The results may prove useful to study the heating mechanism of solar coronal loops, acceleration of particles and confinement of particles in the thermonuclear reactors.展开更多
基金Supported by Youth Science Research Fund of Zhoukou Normal University in 2005(zknu B315213)
文摘Diacylglycerol acyltransferase （DGAT） is the key enzyme that catalyzes the triacylglycerol biosynthesis. The comparative analysis was performed on the DGAT1 genes of cotton and other model plants. Sequence analysis showed that most of the DGAT1 genes,with high variation of intron length and high conservation of intron phrase,from the cotton and other model plants had 16 exons. Additionally, 7 conserved motifs were present in these DGAT1 proteins. The core motifs were overlapped with the functional domain of DGAT1 protein. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that gene tree was highly consistent to species tree,suggesting that the evolutionary history of species was revealed by gene tree. There was single copy of DGAT1 gene in cotton,but at least two duplicated DGAT1 genes were iden- tified in rice,maize,poplar and moss genomes. The selective pressure analysis showed that the PtDGATla/PtDGATlb was under positive selection,but other four pairs of homologous genes were under negative selection. 17 positively selected sites were identified at subgroup level （P〉0.05）,suggesting these subgroups under relaxed functional constraint. The findings provide a basis for further studying func- tion and evolution of DGAT1 genes in cotton and other model plants.
基金Jiangsu Province Project of Postgraduate Innovation Engineering,China(No.CXZZ12_0821)Industry-academic Joint Technological Innovations Fund Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BY2012120)Suzhou Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting,China(No.ZXS2012001)
文摘The novel reactive transfer printing of silk was carried out through a hot-press adhesion and steaming. The special transfer paper was prepared by coating the paste mainly containing hot-melt adhesive hlgh-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose （H-HPC） and printing thickener earboxymethyl cellulose （CMC）. The effects of each ingredient in the paste on color yield of the prints and dye penetration were investigated. The major results indicate that, color yield is chiefly governed by the adhesion extent imparted by H-HPC, the type of fixing alkaline agent, and the content of urea. Trichloroacetic acid （TCAA） as the fixing alkaline agent and adding 5% urea can enhance the color depth obviously. Dye penetration depends on the coating quantity on the transfer paper, the contents of urea and dicyandiamide. The printed silk possesses a higher color yield, color fastness of grade 3 or above, clear sharpness, and good handle when the paste contains 3 % H-HPC, 0. 7 % CMC, 3 % TCAA, 5 % urea, 3 % dicyandiamide, and 0. 5 % physical sorbent nano-silica.
文摘In recent years, grafting to improve salt-tolerance of vegetables has been studied extensively. The rootstock species, Solanum melongena cv Black Beauty, Solanum lycopersicum cv Akash and Solanum nigrum （bitter gumma）, reportedly salt-tolerant, were evaluated for their graft compatibility with Capsicum chinense cv Scotch Bonnet. Grafted and non-grafted plants were grown for three weeks under greenhouse conditions. Graft compatibility was determined by the regeneration of vascular bundles across the graft interface and vegetative growth parameters. The results showed that the highest survival percentage （100%） was obtained in the Scotch Bonnet/Black Beauty heterografts and the lowest （16%） was obtained in the Scotch Bonnet/bitter gumma heterografts. Vascular regeneration across the graft interface was seen in Scotch Bonnet autografts and heterografts with Black Beauty. Graft incompatibility observed in heterografts on Akash and bitter gumma rootstocks could be attributed to the presence of a necrotic layer at the graft interface. In conclusion, progressive scion growth and development and the regeneration of vascular bundles across the graft interface are effective in determining graft compatibility between Scotch Bonnet and selected solanceous species. This suggests that Scotch Bonnet can be cultivated under saline growing condition.
文摘An increasing number of monopartite begomoviruses are being identified that a satellite molecule (DNAβ) is required to induce typical symptoms in host plants. DNAβ encodes a single gene (termed βC1) encoded in the complementary-sense. We have produced transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum plants expressing theβC1 gene of a DNAβ associated with Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV), under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Transgenic plants expressing βC1 showed severe developmental abnormalities in both species. Microscopic analysis of sections of both transgenic and non-transgenic N. tabacum leaves showed abnormal outgrowths of transgenic N. tabacum to be due to disorganized cell division (hyperplasia) of spongy and palisade parenchyma. Immuno-gold labeling of sections with a polyclonal antibody against the βC1 protein showed that the βC1 protein accumulated in the nuclei of cells. The possible biological function of the βC1 protein was discussed.
基金This paper was supported by the Agricultural R & D Promotion Center (No. 198046-3),Korea
文摘TThhiiss ssttuuddyy were carried out in the Experimental Forest (37 48?10?N, 127 48?50?E) of Gangwon Forest Development Institute, Gamjeong-ri, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do Province, Korea from Dec. 1999 to Jul. 2002. Eight individuals (three males and five females) of hazel grouse were captured and they were marked with a 14-g necklace-type transmitter. The surveying results showed that females were more active than males throughout the year, but males were more mobile than females in spring. The degree of movement for females and males was similar from summer to winter. The overlap degree of habitat was very large from spring to autumn. Hazel grouse had greater shifts in area use in winter. They used similar area from spring to autumn, made a shift in their habitat use in winter, and then shifted back to the previous habitat.
文摘Solar coronal loops are frequently accompanied by the field-aligned currents, which drive instabilities if the drift velocity u0 > v A the Alfv′en velocity. For our choice of parameters, the critical threshold value of u0/v A is ～ 3.0 for growth and the corresponding current filling factor ～ 10-3-10-4. Below this value we are no longer in the kinetic regime.The coronal loops also have short-scale density gradients within each loop. The electron resonance in the presence of density gradient causes the drift mode to grow. We study the effect of these two free energy sources, the electron drift and the density gradient, in the presence of temperature anisotropy T⊥_α > T∥_α. These effects simultaneously exist in the coronae. Using gyrokinetic theory, we investigate the influence of these effects, examine how they interplay with each other and study the consequent growth of the magnetosonic wave. We observe that kinetic instability driven by density gradient can be suppressed by field-aligned currents. The temperature anisotropy with chosen signatures causes further stabilizing effect. The results may prove useful to study the heating mechanism of solar coronal loops, acceleration of particles and confinement of particles in the thermonuclear reactors.
