Interfacial Modification of NiO_(x)by Self-assembled Monolayer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

NiO_(x)as a hole transport material for inverted perovskite solar cells has received great attention owing to its high transparency,low fabrication temperature,and superior stability.However,the mismatched energy levels and possible redox reactions at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface severely limit the performance of NiO_(x) based inverted perovskite solar cells.Herein,we introduce a p-type self-assembled monolayer between NiO_(x)and perovskite layers to modify the interface and block the undesirable redox reaction between perovskite and NiO_(x)The selfassembled monolayer molecules all contain phosphoric acid function groups,which can be anchored onto the NiOr surface and passivate the surface defect.Moreover,the introduction of self-assembled monolayers can regulate the energy level structure of NiO_(x),reduce the interfacial band energy offset,and hence promote the hole transport from perovskite to NiO_(x)layer.Consequently,the device performance is significantly enhanced in terms of both power conversion efficiency and stability.

Electrical Characteristics of Tangjiawan Landslide in Lixian, Sichuan

A wide range of terrain features and landforms,which are exemplified by intricate geological formations and diverse rock compositions,are found in the western mountainous regions of China.These areas frequently encounter geological disasters.As one of the natural disasters,landslides lead to considerable loss of human life and property.Considering mitigation of the losses caused by landslide disasters,a necessary measure for disaster prevention and mitigation involves conducting detailed investigations and monitoring of landslides,which is also the cornerstone of landslide warning.This study compares and analyzes the feasibility of the magnetotelluric detection method for landslides using the results of engineering geological surveys and landslide monitoring.The study aims to address the scientific problem of the validity of using magnetotelluric methods to detect landslide development processes.The Tangjiawan landslide signal on the left side of the K94+000~K94+145 section of the Wenma Expressway is analyzed by employing engineering geological survey,magnetotelluric detection,landslide monitoring,landslide analysis,and other methods.Analysis results provide the static electrical characteristics of lithology,structure,and groundwater,as well as the dynamic electrical characteristics of landslide development.This study focuses on analyzing the relationship between the methods of magnetotelluric detection and engineering geological surveys and the results of landslide monitoring.The workflow and methods for data collection,processing,inversion,interpretation,and analysis using the magnetotelluric method to detect the dynamic development process of landslides are presented in the conclusion.Preliminary conclusions indicate a strong correlation between the dynamic changes in magnetotelluric wave impedance with the surface displacement of landslides and the dynamic changes in groundwater.The use of the magnetotelluric method for landslide detection and monitoring is a feasible example.The research results can offer certain technical references for the detection and monitoring of landslides using magnetotelluric methods and also provide references and guidance for the selection of diversified landslide monitoring methods in the future.

Vacancy engineering mediated hollow structured ZnO/ZnS S-scheme heterojunction for highly efficient photocatalytic H_(2) production

Designing a step-scheme(S-scheme)heterojunction photocatalyst with vacancy engineering is a reliable approach to achieve highly efficient photocatalytic H_(2)production activity.Herein,a hollow ZnO/ZnS S-scheme heterojunction with O and Zn vacancies(VO,Zn-ZnO/ZnS)is rationally constructed via ion-exchange and calcination treatments.In such a photocatalytic system,the hollow structure combined with the introduction of dual vacancies endows the adequate light absorption.Moreover,the O and Zn vacancies serve as the trapping sites for photo-induced electrons and holes,respectively,which are beneficial for promoting the photo-induced carrier separation.Meanwhile,the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism can not only improve the separation and transfer efficiencies of photo-induced carrier but also retain the strong redox capacity.As expected,the optimized VO,Zn-ZnO/ZnS heterojunction exhibits a superior photocatalytic H_(2) production rate of 160.91 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),approximately 643.6 times and 214.5 times with respect to that obtained on pure ZnO and ZnS,respectively.Simultaneously,the experimental results and density functional theory calculations disclose that the photo-induced carrier transfer pathway follows the S-scheme heterojunction mechanism and the introduction of O and Zn vacancies reduces the surface reaction barrier.This work provides an innovative strategy of vacancy engineering in S-scheme heterojunction for solar-to-fuel energy conversion.

Predictive maintenance and its applications in civil engineering structures:A review

Structural health monitoring and performance prediction are crucial for smart disaster mitigation and intelligent management of structures throughout their lifespan.Recent advancements in predictive maintenance strategies within the industrial manufacturing industry have inspired similar innovations in civil engineering,aiming to improve structural performance evaluation,damage diagnosis,and capacity prediction.This review delves into the framework of predictive maintenance and examines various existing solutions,focusing on critical areas such as data acquisition,condition monitoring,damage prognosis,and maintenance planning.Results from real-world applications of predictive maintenance in civil engineering,covering high-rise structures,deep foundation pits,and other infrastructure,are presented.The challenges of implementing predictive maintenance in civil engineering structures under current technology,such as model interpretability of data-driven methods and standards for predictive maintenance,are explored.Future research prospects within this area are also discussed.

民国时期中央研究院工程研究所陶瓷科技考古方法的探索与实践

1928年,中央研究院工程研究所成立。在所长周仁的带领下,该所将陶瓷业作为最早谋划开展研究的工业领域之一,旨在尝试以实验室和试验场相结合的工业实验室模式,用科学的方法改良中国经验制瓷传统。文章借助新史料,通过考察该所对南宋官窑古瓷的发掘和工艺总结、全国瓷土原料调查分析、古瓷釉料分析和仿制等工作,分析该所尝试改良陶瓷工业的研究思路和方法。研究发现,工程研究所将科学分析实验的设计视为古陶瓷研究的基础,运用包括化学成分分析、物理性质分析等方法为改良中国陶瓷工业提供科学依据,并由此形成了中国陶瓷科技考古方法的早期实践。虽然工程研究所在其早期发展的十年间未能彻底实现改良传统陶瓷工业的目标,但其对古陶瓷理化研究的尝试,无疑为中国传统考古工作带来了新方法,推动了现代陶瓷科技考古研究的发展,使之成为中国古陶瓷考古与科技研究的先行者。

露天矿山高陡边坡预裂爆破技术应用与实践

近年来因边坡失稳造成的露天矿山边坡坍塌事故时有发生,因此提高边坡施工质量保证边坡稳定性具有十分重要的意义,特别是设计为高陡边坡的露天矿山显得更加突出和重要。而在露天矿山边坡施工过程中因岩面裂隙、断层、倾角、走向的复杂性,需要根据揭露的实际岩土情况设计最佳预裂孔爆破参数以保证边坡的施工质量。青海鸿鑫矿业牛苦头铅锌矿区露天采剥工程地处高原高海拔,水文地质及岩土构造复杂,为高陡边坡设计,我们在施工实践中经过对预裂孔间距、孔径、装药方式、起爆方式等参数设计的反复优化和实践,最终得出了保障削坡质量的相关设计参数,目前预裂孔眼痕率高、削坡外形美观整齐。

Semi-analytical solution for mechanical analysis of tunnels crossing strike-slip fault zone considering nonuniform fault displacement and uncertain fault plane position

The tunnel subjected to strike-slip fault dislocation exhibits severe and catastrophic damage.The existing analysis models frequently assume uniform fault displacement and fixed fault plane position.In contrast,post-earthquake observations indicate that the displacement near the fault zone is typically nonuniform,and the fault plane position is uncertain.In this study,we first established a series of improved governing equations to analyze the mechanical response of tunnels under strike-slip fault dislocation.The proposed methodology incorporated key factors such as nonuniform fault displacement and uncertain fault plane position into the governing equations,thereby significantly enhancing the applicability range and accuracy of the model.In contrast to previous analytical models,the maximum computational error has decreased from 57.1%to 1.1%.Subsequently,we conducted a rigorous validation of the proposed methodology by undertaking a comparative analysis with a 3D finite element numerical model,and the results from both approaches exhibited a high degree of qualitative and quantitative agreement with a maximum error of 9.9%.Finally,the proposed methodology was utilized to perform a parametric analysis to explore the effects of various parameters,such as fault displacement,fault zone width,fault zone strength,the ratio of maximum fault displacement of the hanging wall to the footwall,and fault plane position,on the response of tunnels subjected to strike-slip fault dislocation.The findings indicate a progressive increase in the peak internal forces of the tunnel with the rise in fault displacement and fault zone strength.Conversely,an augmentation in fault zone width is found to contribute to a decrease in the peak internal forces.For example,for a fault zone width of 10 m,the peak values of bending moment,shear force,and axial force are approximately 46.9%,102.4%,and 28.7% higher,respectively,compared to those observed for a fault zone width of 50 m.Furthermore,the position of the peak internal forces is influenced by variations in the ratio of maximum fault displacement of the hanging wall to footwall and the fault plane location,while the peak values of shear force and axial force always align with the fault plane.The maximum peak internal forces are observed when the footwall exclusively bears the entirety of the fault displacement,corresponding to a ratio of 0:1.The peak values of bending moment,shear force,and axial force for the ratio of 0:1 amount to approximately 123.8%,148.6%,and 111.1% of those for the ratio of 0.5:0.5,respectively.

Electrolyte engineering for optimizing anode/electrolyte interface towards superior aqueous zinc-ion batteries:A review

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs) are promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage systems due to their high intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.However,issues such as dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction,and interfacial passivation occurring at the anode/electrolyte interface(AEI) have hindered their practical application.Constructing a stable AEI plays a key role in regulating zinc deposition and improving the cycle life of AZIBs.The fundamentals of AEI and the challenges faced by the Zn anode due to unstable interfaces are discussed.A comprehensive summary of electrolyte regulation strategies by electrolyte engineering to achieve a stable Zn anode is provided.The effectiveness evaluation techniques for stable AEI are also analyzed,including the interfacial chemistry and surface morphology evolution of the Zn anode.Finally,suggestions and perspectives for future research are offered about enabling a durable and stable AEI via electrolyte engineering,which may pave the way for developing high-performance AZIBs.

倒三角空心螺钉辅助横形拉力螺钉与股骨颈系统固定PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折

背景:PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折具有较高的垂直剪切力、术后并发症发生率高等特征,是一种典型的不稳定骨折。目前治疗PauwelsⅢ型骨折固定方式较多,何种内固定为青壮年PauwelsⅢ股骨颈骨折的最佳固定方式,尚无明确结论。目的:比较3枚倒三角空心螺钉辅助横形拉力螺钉、股骨颈系统固定PauwelsⅢ型青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法:选择2021年5月至2022年12月于西南医科大学附属医院就诊,采用3枚倒三角空心螺钉辅助横形拉力螺钉与股骨颈系统治疗的PauwelsⅢ型青壮年股骨颈骨折患者21例,其中9例采用3枚倒三角形空心螺钉+1枚垂直骨折线的横行拉力螺钉治疗(3+1空心螺钉组),12例患者采用股骨颈系统固定治疗(股骨颈系统组)。在手术时间、术中失血量、手术切口总长度、术中透视次数,骨折愈合时间、肢体功能等方面对两种固定方式进行比较。结果与结论:①所有患者均获得随访,3+1空心螺钉组患者随访时间10-25个月,平均(17.44±4.30)个月;股骨颈系统组患者随访时间8-24个月,平均(15.58±4.68)个月。②在术中透视次数、术后3个月Harris评分方面,股骨颈系统组优于3+1枚空心螺钉组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);3+1枚空心螺钉组的术中失血量、切口总长度、股骨颈短缩距离优于股骨颈系统组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);两组患者的手术时间、骨折愈合时间、末次随访Harris评分方面差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③提示3枚倒三角空心螺钉辅助横形拉力螺钉与股骨颈系统治疗青壮年PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折均能取得良好的临床效果,股骨颈系统术中透视次数更少、早期整体稳定性更好,而3+1枚空心螺钉固定更微创、操作更便捷。两种固定方式均值得临床应用与推广,可结合临床实际情况进行选择。

铁路应急通信系统视频流卡顿问题分析

针对某铁路局应急通信系统转发视频流至国铁集团应急通信系统时出现视频卡顿的问题,利用数据网业务质量智能感知系统对应急通信视频业务进行监控分析,确定视频卡顿原因,提出采用RTP+实时传输控制协议(Real-Time Control Protocol,RTCP)传输UDP数据包以保证视频流数据传输可靠有序的解决方案。

计算机联锁形式化验证典型反例分析

形式化验证是确保计算机联锁系统满足特定安全需求的有效且重要的手段。由于形式化方法的特殊性,要求对于系统模型和安全需求模型的描述完全准确,否则均会导致验证不通过。根据计算机联锁形式化验证的实际经验,总结在安全需求模型建立过程中由于模型建立不完善导致验证失败的典型场景,为形式化验证的实践提供参考。

Prediction of Hot Deformation Behavior of 7Mo Super Austenitic Stainless Steel Based on Back Propagation Neural Network

The hot compression tests of 7Mo super austenitic stainless(SASS)were conducted to obtain flow curves at the temperature of 1000-1200℃and strain rate of 0.001 s^(-1)to 1 s^(-1).To predict the non-linear hot deformation behaviors of the steel,back propagation-artificial neural network(BP-ANN)with 16×8×8 hidden layer neurons was proposed.The predictability of the ANN model is evaluated according to the distribution of mean absolute error(MAE)and relative error.The relative error of 85%data for the BP-ANN model is among±5%while only 42.5%data predicted by the Arrhenius constitutive equation is in this range.Especially,at high strain rate and low temperature,the MAE of the ANN model is 2.49%,which has decreases for 18.78%,compared with conventional Arrhenius constitutive equation.

考虑滑面材质的碎屑流试验堆积特征分析

为分析高速远程滑坡运动与堆积特征,在室内设置物理试验模型,设计级配、坡角、碎屑流质量、滑面材质4种因素,分析各因素对碎屑流堆积特征的影响。研究结果表明:坡角减小、滑面更粗糙使部分颗粒堆积或滞留于坡面,颗粒堆积特征与颗粒完全堆积于坡底时相比存在差异;滑面材质与冲程等堆积特征基本呈负相关,坡角与堆积特征基本呈正相关,二者对堆积特征影响最大;碎屑流质量与堆积特征基本呈负相关,对颗粒堆积特征分布影响较小;级配与颗粒堆积特征无明显相关性。

食品添加剂在我国食品加工中的应用现状

食品添加剂在现代食品工业生产中占据着非常重要的地位,与人们的日常饮食安全和身体健康息息相关。综述了我国食品添加剂的定义、作用、种类、相关法律法规和加工特点等,提出了食品添加剂在食品加工应用中存在的问题及相应解决措施,对进一步丰富我国食品添加剂理论研究,推动食品加工业高质量发展具有重要的社会和经济意义。

可食性膜在食品保鲜中的应用现状及研究进展

在食品保鲜领域,可食用天然抗菌保鲜膜是一种重要的可生物降解膜,具有易降解、成本低、来源广等特点。介绍了多糖膜、蛋白膜和脂质膜3种可食性涂膜在食品保鲜中的应用现状,综述了复合成膜技术、纳米颗粒制备技术及添加植物精油在制备可食性涂膜中的研究进展,以期为可食性包装材料在保鲜领域中的进一步研究提供参考借鉴。

工程认证背景下实践课程成绩评定方法与应用

随着非标准化考试等教学改革的推进,课程成绩评定成为高校实践类课程的重要考核方式。然而,由于缺乏客观定量的评价方法,主观性考核方式在认定考生成绩时存在较大不确定性。如何有效降低主观评判的随意性和不确定性成为课程成绩核定亟须解决的问题。研究提出基于师生协作的综合成绩评估方法,采用动态权重法综合学生打分和教师打分,形成更加合理的综合成绩分布,并以本科必修课程“环境规划与管理”期末成绩评定为例开展案例研究。结果表明,合理应用学生打分能够改善学生成绩分布,但要注意规避学生打分可能存在的均一化倾向和简单等权评分带来的成绩偏态分布问题。研究成果以期为大学实训类课程成绩评定提供一种新的方法。

高职院校“建设工程法规”课程思政的探索与实践——以工程造价专业为例

为落实加强党对职业教育工作的全面领导,实现职业技能和职业精神培养高度融合的要求,“建设工程法规”课程的教学内容决定了教师必须承担起学生法治精神培养等思想政治教育的任务,积极探索课程思政开展的具体方式方法,落实立德树人根本任务。针对高职院校工程造价专业,对“建设工程法规”的思政入课实践方法和教学设计展开探索,基于互动教学,列举主要章节思政元素如何与知识和技能相结合,实现职业能力和职业素质双融合培养。

西餐牛肉类初加工与食品安全控制分析

本文探讨了在牛肉初加工过程中可能遇到的食品安全问题,如微生物污染、化学物质污染、物理污染,以及交叉污染,研究了食品安全控制在牛肉初加工中的应用,并提出了相应的对策和建议,包括优化食品加工设施和设备、加强员工的食品安全培训和教育、改进食品安全管理体系,以及强化法律法规的执行,以期能够增强牛肉初加工的食品安全控制效果,进一步推动食品安全控制在牛肉初加工过程中的实践和改进。

基于城轨车辆升级扩容的信号系统方案研究

描述典型CBTC系统,从车辆扩容的角度分析信号系统的各个子系统的影响和设计方案,对项目初期的信号系统设计提出建议;结合项目实际情况,明确车辆升级扩容后会影响信号系统设计的车辆参数,结合车辆参数进行信号系统方案的研究,同时从信号系统的角度提出对车辆尺寸、设备安装位置、牵引制动特性、接口总线等各个设计的需求,评估信号系统可接受的车辆参数,为车辆方的车辆设计及信号系统的技术方案提供设计参考。

中国传统诉讼程式成因分析

基于以往学者对中国传统诉讼程式的介绍和分析 ,概括出中国传统诉讼程式在其展开过程中所表现出的三个基本特征 ,即司法行为的专制性、司法程序的封闭性和司法结构的松散性 ,而这些特征的最终形成正是中国社会政治、经济、民族心理、宗教迷信等诸多因素在司法审判过程中缓慢整合的结果。