ANN （artificial neural network） is a technique successfully employed in many applications on several research fields. An appropriate configuration for neural networks is a tedious task, and it often requires the kno...ANN （artificial neural network） is a technique successfully employed in many applications on several research fields. An appropriate configuration for neural networks is a tedious task, and it often requires the knowledge of an expert on the application. In this paper, a technique for automatic configuration for two types of neural networks is presented. The multilayer perceptron and recurrent Elman are the neural networks used here. The determination of optimal parameters for the neural network is formulated as an optimization problem, solved with the use of meta-heuristic MPCA （multiple particle collision algorithm）. The self-configuring networks are applied to perform data assimilation.展开更多
People and nature are working in tandem to reduce the integrity of traditional agricultural systems. The paper highlighted the drivers of change acting on traditional agricultural landscapes including the threats and ...People and nature are working in tandem to reduce the integrity of traditional agricultural systems. The paper highlighted the drivers of change acting on traditional agricultural landscapes including the threats and barriers hindering biodiversity conservation. The drivers of change are： modem agriculture, tourism, education and outmigration and climate change. The threats are encroachment and land-use change, pollution, replacement of traditional varieties and erosion of indigenous knowledge systems and practices. The barriers to biodiversity conservation include the incapacity of farmers to respond to pressures affecting their traditional farming systems, absence of methodologies for integrating traditional and modem knowledge in biodiversity conservation and the multi-functionality of traditional agriculture not fully captured by the market. The conservation framework to guide stakeholders for in-situ management of biodiversity includes niche market development, revenue generation and cultural restoration. The study made use of data collected during the series of workshops conducted in 2005-2007 covering the Ifugao Rice Terraces of the Philippines. Secondary data from other traditional agricultural systems were integrated to enrich the discussion and write-up of this paper.展开更多
文摘ANN （artificial neural network） is a technique successfully employed in many applications on several research fields. An appropriate configuration for neural networks is a tedious task, and it often requires the knowledge of an expert on the application. In this paper, a technique for automatic configuration for two types of neural networks is presented. The multilayer perceptron and recurrent Elman are the neural networks used here. The determination of optimal parameters for the neural network is formulated as an optimization problem, solved with the use of meta-heuristic MPCA （multiple particle collision algorithm）. The self-configuring networks are applied to perform data assimilation.
文摘People and nature are working in tandem to reduce the integrity of traditional agricultural systems. The paper highlighted the drivers of change acting on traditional agricultural landscapes including the threats and barriers hindering biodiversity conservation. The drivers of change are： modem agriculture, tourism, education and outmigration and climate change. The threats are encroachment and land-use change, pollution, replacement of traditional varieties and erosion of indigenous knowledge systems and practices. The barriers to biodiversity conservation include the incapacity of farmers to respond to pressures affecting their traditional farming systems, absence of methodologies for integrating traditional and modem knowledge in biodiversity conservation and the multi-functionality of traditional agriculture not fully captured by the market. The conservation framework to guide stakeholders for in-situ management of biodiversity includes niche market development, revenue generation and cultural restoration. The study made use of data collected during the series of workshops conducted in 2005-2007 covering the Ifugao Rice Terraces of the Philippines. Secondary data from other traditional agricultural systems were integrated to enrich the discussion and write-up of this paper.
