我国城市青少年校外体育锻炼行为变化阶段与变化程序关系的研究

以社会病理学、教育病理学、健康教育学和锻炼心理学等相关理论为指导,采用问卷调查等方法,以3000名学生为调查对象,探讨了校外体育锻炼行为变化阶段与变化程序的关系。研究结果表明,在校外体育锻炼行为的不同变化阶段的预测中,变化程序的不同下位要素做出了不同的贡献。据此提出了修正校外体育锻炼的主要举措:(1)拓宽激发青少年学生参与校外体育锻炼主观意愿的途径;(2)加大宣传力度,提高校外体育锻炼支持政策的感知度;(3)构建友善的重要他人关系,提供催生体育锻炼行为的社会支持基础;(4)丰富奖赏手段,提升参与体育锻炼的持续性;(5)加强锻炼缺乏危害性教育,营造重视身体规训的氛围;(6)开发体育锻炼替代行为,留出选择空间;(7)丰富体育锻炼经历,培养体育锻炼"不满足"的青少年学生。

基于Python的树干径向变化数据分析程序(DAIP):以六盘山华北落叶松为例

【目的】树干径向变化测量仪(Dendrometer)可以连续记录树干各阶段变化信息,包括树干收缩、恢复和生长等,提取和分析这些信息对于深入理解树木径向生长及其对环境的响应具有重要价值,而快速高效地提取和整合海量数据需进行繁复的数据处理与分析。为提高树干径向变化数据的分析效率和管理能力,林业工作者亟需易操作且实用的树干径向变化数据分析程序。【方法】针对常用周期循环法提取各阶段树干径向变化的原则和树干径向昼夜变化存在规律及树干径向变化测量仪运行中可能出现异常情况,基于Python语言开发了一个用户友好型的树干径向变化提取程序DAIP(Dendrometer Analyzer In Python),并以2019年生长季累月(6—9月)六盘山香水河与叠叠沟小流域的华北落叶松(Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii)人工林树干径向变化数据为例,提取和分析了树干径向变化的主要参数,并与半自动化提取程序“dendrometeR”进行了比较。【结果】在提取结果方面,DAIP提取树干半径变化的主要参数值与“dendrometeR”程序的提取结果基本一致,保证提取数据的可靠性。相比传统的数据处理方式,DAIP在异常数据判定和高效提取径向数据方面具有较大优势,可以较好识别分布在不同气候区内树体特征各异的华北落叶松树干径向变化数据集的“数据缺失”、“数据异常增加和减小”以及“数据无变化”等可疑数据类型;DAIP可快速自动提取生长季内树干半径的变化周期数、收缩阶段历时及收缩量、恢复阶段历时及恢复量、增加阶段历时及增量等主要参数。诚然,DAIP当前版本存在一定不足,如在异常数据判定方面,对“长时段数据无变化”这种异常数据的界定还存在不确定性;在树干径向变化参数提取方面,若各变化阶段分界点处的数据波动较大,对分界点的判定可能存在误差。【结论】DAIP程序可高效地提取与分析树干径向变化测量仪记录的树干径向变化数据,具有效率高、灵活性强、兼容性高的特点,可作为树干径向变化测量仪数据分析的辅助工具。同时,DAIP还有很大的完善空间,在未来升级版本中提升数据精度的同时,还可增加自动修正异常数据等功能。

2020-2023年进口化学药品注册检验工作情况分析及思考

目的:为进一步提高进口化学药品注册检验的工作效率及工作质量提供参考。方法:对2020-2023年药品注册检验工作程序的发展变化、进口化学药品注册检验的工作概况及存在问题等多个方面进行总结分析。结果:随着注册检验工作程序的修订完善,进口化学药品注册检验申报数量呈明显上升趋势,检验技术难度也逐步增加,同时存在申报单位的资料、样品等准备不充分,信息化建设不足等问题。结论:通过总结分析,探讨进口化学药品注册检验工作面临的问题及挑战,建议加强口岸药品检验机构的能力建设及信息化建设,加强申报人员的指导培训工作等,为进一步提高进口化学药品注册检验的工作效率及工作质量提供参考。

大学生体育锻炼行为阶段变化的实验研究

本研究以调查问卷的形式，对大学生所处的锻炼阶段进行了划分，运用数理统计法以及实验法对不同阶段大学生的体育锻炼行为进行了研究，总结了不同阶段、不同性别大学生各锻炼行为阶段的特点，并从多方面对大学生体育锻炼行为变化程序的影响因素进行了讨论。

对不同性别大二学生锻炼行为实施干预的实验研究

为了研究大学生体育锻炼行为,真实了解大学生的锻炼行为是如何形成的,此研究采用行为干预理论,综合运用文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法、访谈法等对处在不同阶段的401名大二学生的体育锻炼行为进行干预,并在此基础上提出了相应的建议,旨在为高校探索健康行为教育的方法。

Process optimization with consideration of uncertainties——An overview

Optimization under uncertainty is a challenging topic of practical importance in the Process Systems Engineering.Since the solution of an optimization problem generally exhibits high sensitivity to the parameter variations, the deterministic model which neglects the parametric uncertainties is not suitable for practical applications. This paper provides an overview of the key contributions and recent advances in the field of process optimization under uncertainty over the past ten years and discusses their advantages and limitations thoroughly. The discussion is focused on three specific research areas, namely robust optimization, stochastic programming and chance constrained programming, based on which a systematic analysis of their applications, developments and future directions are presented. It shows that the more recent trend has been to integrate different optimization methods to leverage their respective superiority and compensate for their drawbacks. Moreover, data-driven optimization, which combines mathematical programming methods and machine learning algorithms, has become an emerging and competitive tool to handle optimization problems in the presence of uncertainty based on massive historical data.

基于跨理论模型的大学生体育锻炼行为阶段与变化程序研究

目的本研究基于跨理论模型,对大学生在改善体育锻炼行为过程中不同阶段的特征进行分析,探求变化程序在体育锻炼行为改变过程中的作用,为大学生体育锻炼行为阶段匹配干预提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法对山西省5类高校932名大学生进行问卷调查。大学生锻炼行为阶段现状采用描述性分析;利用方差分析及多因素Logistic回归分析模型探讨不同体育锻炼变化阶段的变化程序差异;利用多因素方差分析个体一般情况对变化程序的影响。结果 89.4%大学生明确体育锻炼的重要性,但对自身锻炼状况感到满意仅占29.4%;运动阶段分布呈左偏峰倒U型分布,且存在性别差异(χ2=54.657,P<0.001);大学生体育锻炼变化程序存在阶段特征。性别对互助关系、意识控制具有主效应(F性别=7.400,P=0.007;F性别=7.778,P=0.005)。年级和性别对社会释放具有交互效应(F年级*性别=3.614,P=0.013)。结论大学生体育锻炼行为呈现"知而不行"的特点,且符合跨理论模型的结构。研究者应根据大学生体育行为的阶段特征,制定针对性的干预策略。

Lossless Digital Watermarking Scheme for Image Maps

A lossless digital watermarking scheme,which was zero- perturbation on the content and graphics for the digital image maps,is proposed.During the simulation,the scheme has been utilized to model the copyright protection program as a commerce application.Compared to the traditional digital watermarking schemes,our scheme operates in redundancy areas of maps and is scalable to topology changes.Experimental results show that,with respect to the geometric attacks and image transformed,the performance of our scheme is better than the classical algorithms based space or frequency domain with much lower complexity..

Computation of the Simplest Normal Forms for Resonant Double Hopf Bifurcations System Based on Lie Transform

The simplest normal form of resonant double Hopf bifurcation was studied based on Lie operator. The coefficients of the simplest normal forms of resonant double Hopf bifurcation and the nonlinear transformations in terms of the original system coefficients were given explicitly. The nonlinear transformations were used for reducing the lower- and higher-order normal forms, and the rank of system matrix was used to determine the coefficient of normal form which could be reduced. These make the gained normal form simpler than the traditional one. A general program was compiled with Mathematica. This program can compute the simplest normal form of resonant double Hopf bifurcation and the non-resonant form up to the 7th order.

Carbon Footprint Analysis for Baby Strollers

The increasing awareness of climate change has led organizations to demand a standard procedure to measure and communicate greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions linked to their products or services.The publicly available specification PAS 2050 has been developed in response to broad community and industry desire for a consistent method-carbon footprint for assessing the life cycle GHG emissions of goods and services.Specifically,this paper illustrates the implementation of carbon footprint for a baby stroller in accordance with PAS 2050.A fial value of 321 kg per one stroller including package was calculated.Moreover,the study led to identify raw materials production of the stroller as the main source of GHS emissions where efforts need to focus for emission reduction opportunities.This case study is hoped to be a starting point for organizations to benefit from the increasing application of carbon footprint assessment.

Land cover change in different altitudes of Guizhou-Guangxi karst mountain area, China： patterns and drivers

Topography, especially altitude, will influence the way, process and characteristics of land cover changes in mountainous area, simultaneously, the vertical difference of land cover changes will affect soil quality and regional ecological environment. Therefore, the gradient relationship analysis between land cover changes and altitude is very important for regional sustainability. This study investigated land cover dynamics based on land cover data from a typical mountainous area in the Guizhou-Guangxi karst mountain area, China, in 2000 and 2010, then explored the relationship between altitude and land cover change and analyzed different drivers of land cover change at different altitudes. Our findings are as follows. 1) From 2000 to 2010, the total area of land cover transition was 7167.04 km^2 or 2.8% of the region. The increasing area of build-up land(926.23 km^2) was larger than that of forest(859.38 km^2), suggesting that the urban construction speed was higher than that of reforestation. 2) Intensity of land cover transition in northwestern Guizhou-Guangxi karst mountain area was much larger than that of southeast part and their transition trend was also significantly different, which was consistent with regional population and economy. 3) Human activity was the most dramatic at altitudes between 0–500 m. For 500–1000 m, grassland mainly converted to forest and build-up land. Area of land cover transition was the greatest between 1000–1500 m, while above 1500 m, the transition of grassland was the most obvious. 4) The drivers of land cover change varied. Land cover change was positively correlated with gross domestic product and population density but was inversely related to relief amplitude. There were correlations between land cover change and distance to roads and rivers, and their correlations varied with altitude. By revealing patterns and causes of land cover changes in different altitudes, we hope to understand the vertical dependence of land cover changes, so as to improve land productivity and protect land ecological environment scientifically.

An Experimental Investigation of Glass Transition Temperature of Composite Materials Using Bending Test

In this study, the bending test is used to investigate the glass transition temperature for epoxy reinforced with three types ot fibers, fiberglass, Kevlar and synthetic wool, these materials have a wide used in many application which they are used composite materials. The glass transition temperature can be measured at the point of inflection for ＂the curve of variation of the deflection and temperature. The results show that, the glass transition temperature is affected by the type of the reinforcement of the composites. On the other hand, the glass transition temperature of the wool composite is higher than the other.

Real-Code Genetic Algorithm for Ground State Energies of Hydrogenic Donors in GaAs-（Ga,Al）As Quantum Dots

We present a global optimization method, called the real-code genetic algorithm (RGA), to the ground state energies. The proposed method does not require partial derivatives with respect to each variational parameter or solving an eigenequation, so the present method overcomes the major difficulties of the variational method. RGAs also do not require coding and encoding procedures, so the computation time and complexity are reduced. The ground state energies of hydrogenic donors in GaAs-(Ga,Al)As quantum dots have been calculated for a range of the radius of the quantum dot radii of practical interest. They are compared with those obtained by the variational method. The results obtained demonstrate the proposed method is simple, accurate, and easy implement.

Drivers of Change, Threats and Barriers to the Conservation of Biodiversity in Traditional Agricultural Systems

People and nature are working in tandem to reduce the integrity of traditional agricultural systems. The paper highlighted the drivers of change acting on traditional agricultural landscapes including the threats and barriers hindering biodiversity conservation. The drivers of change are： modem agriculture, tourism, education and outmigration and climate change. The threats are encroachment and land-use change, pollution, replacement of traditional varieties and erosion of indigenous knowledge systems and practices. The barriers to biodiversity conservation include the incapacity of farmers to respond to pressures affecting their traditional farming systems, absence of methodologies for integrating traditional and modem knowledge in biodiversity conservation and the multi-functionality of traditional agriculture not fully captured by the market. The conservation framework to guide stakeholders for in-situ management of biodiversity includes niche market development, revenue generation and cultural restoration. The study made use of data collected during the series of workshops conducted in 2005-2007 covering the Ifugao Rice Terraces of the Philippines. Secondary data from other traditional agricultural systems were integrated to enrich the discussion and write-up of this paper.

A Study on the Testing Procedures of IEC 61850 Based Transformer Protective lED

Korea Electric Power Corporation in charge of the power IT project ＂Development of Prototype for Advanced Substation Automation System based on the Digital Control Technology＂, is performing the verification of performance of the substation automation system based on IEC 61850. In order to verify a transformer protective lED that might be operating in substation automation system, the new standardized document and procedures are required in the aspect of the utility like KEPCO. But there is nothing to describe systematically how to verify IEC 6 1850 based lED in the system environment except an individual IED testing way. This paper will present the substation automation system based ways and procedures to verify the protective function of the IED using UML （Unified Modeling Language）.

Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Gas Hydrate Technology

According to IPCC （Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change） Fourth Report, carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels have been identified as the major contributor to global warming and climate change. One of the new approaches for capturing carbon dioxide and subsequently lowering the emissions is based on gas hydrate crystallization. Gas hydrates have a large capacity for the storage of gases which also resemble an attractive method for gas filtration. The basis of the separation is the selective partition of the target component between the hydrate phase and the gaseous phase. It is expected that carbon dioxide is preferentially encaged into the hydrate crystal phase compared to the other components. In the present paper, after a comparison of gas hydrates with existing capture technologies, a novel apparatus for gas hydrate production is illustrated and results of a first set of experimental applications of the reactor for CO2 hydrate formation and separation are presented. In particular, the effects of two different promoters were investigated. Results show that the reactor allows a good level of temperature control, resulting in rapid hydrate formation and mild operating conditions. Results are a basis for setting up a procedure for CO2 separation and capture.

建立RP-HPLC法同时测定复合维生素注射液中11种维生素含量

目的:建立同时测定复合维生素注射液中11种维生素含量的RP-HPLC方法。方法:采用十八烷基键合硅胶为填料(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)的色谱柱,以0.1 mol·L^(-1)的醋酸钠溶液-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,变化流速,联合紫外检测器的程序变化波长,进样量20μL,柱温35℃。结果:维生素A、维生素D_3、维生素E、维生素C、维生素B_1、维生素B_2、维生素B_6、维生素B_(12)、烟酸、烟酰胺、叶酸分别在0.272 8~2.728、0.012 4~0.124、1.032 7~10.327、1.131 0~11.310、2.282 8~22.828、0.194 8~1.948、1.016 5~10.165、0.235 8~2.358、1.085 4~10.854、2.168 1~21.681和0.369 4~3.694μg呈良好的线性关系(r>0.999);平均加样回收率(n=9)分别为100.0%、104.2%、100.9%、98.9%、100.4%、100.7%、100.1%、99.2%、100.2%、99.8%和100.5%,其RSD(n=9)分别为0.21%、0.02%、1.8%、1.0%、1.2%、0.35%、0.52%、2.8%、0.12%、0.05%和3.6%;精密度的RSD(n=6)分别为0.38%、0.11%、0.07%、0.15%、0.23%、0.06%、0.28%、0.22%、0.05%、0.41%、0.15%;重复性试验的RSD(n=6)分别为0.13%、0.78%、1.2%、2.2%、0.26%、1.5%、1.8%、1.3%、0.69%、0.94%和0.36%;样品平均含量分别为0.839、0.103、0.434、0.331、0.944、0.107、0.467、0.0043、0.134、0.958和0.013μg·μL^(-1)。结论:本方法适用于复合维生素注射液中维生素A、维生素D_3、维生素E、维生素C、维生素B_1、维生素B_2、维生素B_6、维生素B_(12)、烟酸、烟酰胺、叶酸的含量测定。

Investigation of the influence of ultrasonic stirring on mass transfer in the through-mask electrochemical micromachining process

Surface texturing is a widely accepted approach for friction reduction between mechanical components. Through-mask electrochemical mieromachining is a simple and reliable process for metal surface texturing in which mass transport conditions have profound influence on final machined quality. An ultrasonic stirrer is usually adopted for mass transfer enhancement. However, understanding of the effects of ultrasonic stirring on mass transfer is limited, and is far from sufficient for developing guidelines for its practical application. In this work, the influences of ultrasonic stirring parameters on mass transfer have been investigated numerically and experimentally. With the numerical method, periodic pressure change in the electrolyte over time has been obtained, showing that ultrasonic stirring results in drastic transient pressure change in electrolyte fluid fields. Parameters related to ultrasonic frequency, vibration amplitude, and the depth of anode surface immersed in the electrolyte solution influence pressure amplitude. Validation experiments have been conducted and etched surface profile and morphology characterized, which show that the experimental observations are in agreement with numerical predictions. With the optimized mass transfer, well-defined micro-pits array of 30 gm and a smooth etched surface on tin-bronze substrate in large scale have been demonstrated.

Structural and thermal sensitivity of Cu-Zr-Ti amorphous alloys to tension

Structural and thermal sensitivity of Cu(60-x)Zr(30+x) Ti 10 (x=0,5,and 10 at%) amorphous alloys to the application of tension was investigated. The structural sensitivity to tension decreases with increasing Cu content. The crystallization enthalpy increases with increasing excess free volume. The characteristic temperatures of the tensile samples can surpass those of the as-cast ones under a critical heating rate which differs in the Cu content. The increase of the excess free volume significantly influences the glass transition and crystallization procedures.