The Efficiency of Application Nanosilver in Technological Processes of Making Red Wine

The efficiency of using nanostructured silver in technological processes of making red wine has been studied with the purpose of substituting sulfur dioxide. For preparation of research objects, we used dry wine material of red grape variety ＂Saperavi＂. After completion of malolactic fermentation, the second racking the wine material off the lees and its treatment with antiseptics were carried out. Sulfur dioxide （Kadifit） and different doses of nanostructured silver were used. Microbiological investigation was performed on the presence of lactic bacteria after completion of malolactic fermentation and racking off the lees. The investigation of phenolic compounds was conducted at the following stages of technological processes： （1） after completion of alcoholic fermentation and racking off the lees; （2） after completion of malolactic fermentation; （3） after the second racking off the lees and treatment with antiseptics. By means of the HPLC analysis, the amounts ofcatechins, phenolcarbonic acids and flavonols were determined. It has been established that after conduction of malolactic fermentation in the process of racking the wine material off the lees and storage, the application of 0.6 mg/L of nano-silver for blocking of lactic-acid bacteria and inhibition of oxidation of phenolic compounds has the same effect as sulfitization with 50 mg/L of Kadifit.

论认罪认罚从宽案件的司法审查及其方法

源自哈贝马斯真理共识论的诉讼合意理论在诉讼法理上并不能成立,因其存在虚假合意风险和强制共识悖论之固有缺陷;认罪认罚从宽制度的正当性基础应在于诉讼经济原则和司法效率价值。程序的效率化所带来的公正价值与效率价值的矛盾与冲突,正是法院需要对认罪认罚案件进行司法审查的根本动因。为了防范共谋或强迫认罪,法官保留原则仍应被充分强调,法官在认罪认罚案件中应担纲“中立的司法审查者”之角色,其不能介入协商谈判,以防破坏公正审判的基本结构。为提高事实认定的准确性和人权司法保障水平,以最大程度避免司法误判,法官应对认罪认罚的自愿性、真实性、合法性和量刑建议的精准性、适当性进行实质性司法审查,以控制结构性风险。