语言顺应过程的意识突显程度特性及语用研究

语言顺应过程意识突显是语言使用中表现出来的元语用意识,它取决于意义产生过程中交际者的认知心理状态以及在语言选择过程中作出语言顺应程度。本文通过分析研究语言顺应过程的意识突显所涉及的认知与社会因素的内涵特性,来诠释它在语用翻译、语码转换、言语交际中的突显程度。这对于我们使用语言和交际有很大的启发作用。

Self-heating tendency evaluation of sulfide ores based on nonlinear multi-parameters fusion

In order to reveal the nonlinear dynamics characteristics of unsteady self-heating process of sulfide ores, nine different kinds of sulfide ore samples from a pyrite mine in China were taken as experimental materials and their self-heating characteristics were measured in laboratory. Furthermore, the measured temperature was studied by integrating wavelet transform, nonlinear characteristic parameters extraction and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The results indicate that only the ore samples 1, 2, 6 and 9 have obvious self-heating phenomenon, and their self-heating initiative temperatures are 220 ℃, 239 ℃, 220 ℃ and 220 ℃, respectively, which means that they are difficult to produce self-heating under normal mining conditions. The correlation dimension of self-heating process is fraction and the maximum Lyapunov exponent is positive, which means that it is feasible to study the self-heating process based on chaotic dynamics theory. The nonlinearities of self-heating process of these four samples （ore samples 1, 2, 6 and 9） are 0.8227, 0.7521, 0.9401 and 0.8827 respectively and the order of the samples according to these results is： sample 6, sample 9, sample 1, sample 2, which is consistent with the measured results of self-heating characteristics. Therefore, the nonlinearity method can be used to evaluate the self-heating tendency of sulfide ores, and it is an effective verification of the reliability of measured results.

Slip flow and variable properties of viscoelastic fluid past a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium with heat generation

This study examines theoretically and computationally the non-Newtonian boundary layer flow and heat transfer for a viscoelastic fluid over a stretching continuous sheet embedded in a porous medium with variable fluid properties, slip velocity, and internal heat generation/absorption. The flow in boundary layer is considered to be generated solely by the stretching of the sheet adjacent to porous medium with boundary wall slip condition. Highly nonlinear momentum and thermal boundary layer equations governing the flow and heat transfer are reduced to set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by appropriate transformation. The resulting ODEs are successfully solved numerically with the help of shooting method. Graphical results are shown for non-dimensional velocities and temperature. The effects of heat generation/absorption parameter, the porous parameter, the viscoelastic parameter, velocity slip parameter, variable thermal conductivity and the Prandtl number on the flow and temperature profiles are presented. Moreover, the local skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number are presented. Comparison of numerical results is made with the earlier published results under limiting cases.

Oxidation and roasting characteristics of artificial magnetite pellets

Compared with natural magnetite concentrate, artificial magnetite with more lattice defects and higher activity tends to be oxidized. And the artificial magnetite pellet at the temperature of 400℃ has the oxidation degree approaching to natural magnetite concentrate pellet fired at 1000℃. Besides, two kinds of pellets displayed quite different roasting characteristics. When preheated at the same temperature for the same period of time, natural magnetite concentrate pellet and artificial magnetite concentrate pellet need to be roasted at the temperature of 1100℃ and 1250℃, respectively, for 25 min to reach the compressive strength of 3000 N per pellet. When roasted at the same temperature of 1200℃, natural magnetite pellet and artificial magnetite pellet need to be roasted for 15 min and 30 min, respectively, to reach the compressive strength over 3000 N per pellet. It can be seen from the test that artificial magnetite pellet has a faster oxidation, resulting in the high porosity in the produced pellet, and it requires a roasting process at higher temperature for a longer time to reach the desired compressive strength for industrial production.

Study on the rheology of coal-oil slurries during heating at high pressure

Using the self-developed viscosity measuring device, the viscosity variations of coal-oil slurries with temperature increasing during coal-oil co-processing were studied. The results show that the viscosity of coal-oil slurries prepared by different kinds of oil varies differently during heating. The viscosity of the coal-oil slurry prepared by the catalytic cracking slurry （FCC） generally decreases during heating. However, the viscosity of the coal-oil slurry prepared by the high-temperature coal tar （CT） will peak at 338 ℃ during heating. The differences in viscosity variations of coal-oil slurries are analyzed. In addition to the temperature, the properties of the solvents and coal are the main influencing factors. Because the used coal contains a large number of polar functional groups, the swelling behavior of the coal in polar solvent （CT） is stronger than that in non-polar solvent （FCC）. The swelling effect of the coal can result in the appearance of the viscosity peak. Therefore, before 100 ~C, the solvent molecules entering into the coal pores is the main influencing factor of coal-oil slurries viscosity variations. After 100 ℃, the increasing of particle size of coal particles is the main influencing factor of coal-oil slurries viscosity variations.

Earthquake Response Characteristics of Contained Masonry Infilled Frames

The strength and stiffness contribution of infill masonry is generally ignored in the design, due to the uncertainty in the strength properties of masonry, separation of infill from frame, low tensile strength, brittle characteristics of masonry walls, less out of plane strength and stiffness, etc.. They are considered as nonstructural elements which is reasonable for the frames under gravity loads but it is not true for the frames under seismic loads. Contained masonry as infill in RC （reinforced concrete） frames provides better contact at the interface and a higher out of plane strength and stiffness. Considering the seismic action on the frames which are likely to be subjected to in-plane as well as out of plane shaking, a research work has been carried out by the authors to investigate the seismic performance of RC frames with and without contained masonry infill panels using FE （finite element） computer program （ANSYS-Ver. l 1） and experimentally using the tri-axial shake table to evaluate the methods proposed in IS-1893-2002 to calculate the fundamental natural frequency. The RC frames were designed and detailed as per IS （Indian Standard） specifications such as IS 456-2000, IS 1893-2002 and IS 13920-1993. Based on the experimental and analytical investigations, the contained masonry infill panels significantly affect the seismic load resisting characteristics of the RC frames. The IS 1893-2002 formulation does not predict the values and hence the recommendation needs to be validated with experimental results.

Test method and experimental research on resistance of oil shale under high temperature

Heating the oil shale by current underground to accomplish in-situ transformation process, is a viable direction. The electrical properties of oil shale under different temperatures, especially the resistance, become important. Charging oil shale underground to heat oil shale till kerogen's decomposition temperature, then crude oil and other gases can be generated. The resistance of the oil shale samples was measured by Direct Current (DC) quadripole method to find out the variation rules of resistance value. In the experiments, oil shale presented its semiconductor property. When heated till 350℃-450℃, its resistance changed greatly, optional for heating and cracking. The porosity, oil content, media and composition affected the resistance largely.

Deformation of ductile cuttings from sandstone in compaction process and experimental study of influence on porosity

Deformation of ductile cuttings from sandstone in the mechanical compaction process was designed through the "experimental system of triaxial rock deformation",and the influence on porosity was studied by looking into the deformation characteristics of ductile cuttings. The design indexes are as follows: simulated depth 0- 4 000 m,interval depth 500 m,and pressure range 0- 120 MPa at interval of 1. 5 MPa. The experimental results show that the porosity decreases as buried depth increases,indicating a negative relationship between them. The amount of compression was mainly obtained by porosity reduction and cutting deformation. Deformation of ductile cuttings is mainly ductile deformation; and deformation of crystal fragments is mainly expressed as brittle fracture,resulting in decrease of particle size. The research is of certain value for the exploration and development of oil and gas.

Related turbulent momentum and passive scalar transfer in a turbulent channel flow

Direct numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the correlation between the momentum and passive scalar transfer in a turbulent channel flow with Re_(τ)=u_(τ)δ/ν=180 and Pr=0.71,where u_(τ)is the friction velocity,δis the channel half width,andνis the kinematic viscosity.The one-point and two-point energy transfer and the corresponding scalar transfer are of particular interest.There is a significant positive correlation between the one-point energy and scalar transfer,particularly near the wall,and the correlation between the two production terms is always larger than that between the other terms.By resorting to the Karman-Howarth-Monin-Hill equation and the scale-by-scale scalar transfer budget equation,we explored the two-point energy and scalar transfer at two different vertical locations(i.e.,one location close to the wall y^(+)=10 and the other location slightly away from the wall y^(+)=60).An inverse interscale transfer phenomenon of the energy and scalar is observed in the spanwise direction at y^(+)=10,which is caused by the corresponding streak stretching,whereas along the streamwise and the vertical directions a forward interscale energy and scalar transfer phenomenon is observed.The physical mechanisms(e.g.,production,dissipation,and viscous diffusion terms)contributing to the two-point energy transfer closely resemble those in the two-point scalar transfer.The intrinsic correlation between both the two-point energy and scalar transfer can find its roots in the similarity between the momentum and scalar streaks.

Mathematical modeling of micropolar fluid flow through an overlapping arterial stenosis

In this study a mathematical model for two-dimensional pulsatile blood flow through overlapping constricted tapered vessels is presented. In order to establish resemblance to the in vivo conditions, an improved shape of the time-variant overlapping stenosis in the elastic tapered artery subject to pulsatile pressure gradient is considered. Because it contains a suspension of all erythrocytes, the flowing blood is represented by micropolar fluid. By applying a suitable coordinate transformation, tapered cosine-shaped artery turned into non-tapered rectangular and a rigid artery. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations under the imposed realistic boundary conditions are solved using the finite difference method. The effects of vessel tapering on flow characteristics consid- ering their dependencies with time are investigated. The results show that by increasing the taper angle the axial velocity and volumetric flow rate increase and the microrota- tional velocity and resistive impedance reduce. It has been shown that the results are in agreement with similar data from the literature.