Tensile impact tests of aramid (Twaron) fiber bundles were carried out under high strain rates with a wide range of 0. 01/s -1 000/s by using MTS and bar-bar tensile impact apparatus. Based on the statistical constitu...Tensile impact tests of aramid (Twaron) fiber bundles were carried out under high strain rates with a wide range of 0. 01/s -1 000/s by using MTS and bar-bar tensile impact apparatus. Based on the statistical constitutive model of fiber bundles, statistical constitutive equations of aramid fiber bundles are derived from statistical analysis of test data at different strain rates. Comparison between the theoretical predictions and experimental data indicates statistical constitutive equations fit well with the experimental data, and statistical constitutive equations of fiber bundles at different strain rates are valid.展开更多
A new model was proposed to calculate the viscosity of fluids under the pressure ranging from 0.1 to 110MPa by improving the Tait equation, in which the viscosity μ of liquids was linked with activation volume V. The...A new model was proposed to calculate the viscosity of fluids under the pressure ranging from 0.1 to 110MPa by improving the Tait equation, in which the viscosity μ of liquids was linked with activation volume V. The model with two adjustable parameters a and fl was applied in calculating viscosities for alkane, aromatic and alcohol family at high pressure. Results show that calculated values of viscosity are in good agreement with the experimental ones, and the average relative deviations for alkanes, aromatics and alcohols are 0.56%, 0.31% and 0.66%, respectively. Besides, the errors correlated by the model proposed in this paper were equivalent to the ones from the pure empirical Tait equation, and obviously superior to those from Eyring equation.展开更多
Aromatic oil has been used to promote the properties of crumb rubber modified asphalt which is an ideal method to deal with the resource utilization of waste rubber tires and by-product of refinery. Furfural extract o...Aromatic oil has been used to promote the properties of crumb rubber modified asphalt which is an ideal method to deal with the resource utilization of waste rubber tires and by-product of refinery. Furfural extract oil(FEO) was separated into the light fraction and the heavy fraction. Swelling and dissolution process of natural rubber sheet in these three oil samples was investigated to shed light on the interaction mechanism. Crumb rubber also interacted on FEO and asphalt respectively. Energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were used to characterize the chemical and structural properties of processed rubber. The chemical composition of processed oils and asphalt was investigated by using the hydrocarbon group analysis(SARA) and gel permeation chromatography. The results revealed that the swelling rate and mass loss of rubber in oils were much higher than those in asphalt and rose with an increasing processing temperature. The heavy fraction of FEO had more diffusion and dissolving capability than the light fraction, whilst compatibility was observed between the heavy fraction and the light fraction. Selective absorption was not observed in the study and detachment of dissolved rubber was disseminated from the outside to the inside. The cross-linking degree of the residue rubber was unchanged with the processing time, and sulfur predominantly remained in the undissolved rubber. Dissolution of crumbed rubber in oils was attributed to devulcanization, while that in the asphalt was mainly attributed to depolymerization.展开更多
An efficient analytical method combining pyrolysis and capillary GC/MS has been developed for determination and quantitation of targeted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.The limit of detection ranged from 0.29 μg/g t...An efficient analytical method combining pyrolysis and capillary GC/MS has been developed for determination and quantitation of targeted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.The limit of detection ranged from 0.29 μg/g to 43.46 μg/g,and repeatability values were between 0.1% and 8.2% for blank spiked samples and between 0.1 % and 9.8% for real samples of heavy oils.Through application of the proposed method in hydrotreating processes,it has been found out that heavy oils before and after the specified hydroprocessing treatment exhibited a diverse PAHs distribution which might be determined by the discrepancy in their intrinsic contents and hydrogenation reactivity.Furthermore,the hydrogenation reactivity of different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was further investigated and discovered to be more interrelated to molecular structure and rings alignment or conjugation mode.展开更多
Fluoranthene, a four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is possible genotoxic in nature, has been used as an indicator for assessing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH）-containing pollutants. Microbial degr...Fluoranthene, a four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is possible genotoxic in nature, has been used as an indicator for assessing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH）-containing pollutants. Microbial degradation is one of the promising methods in removing up PAH-contaminated environments. White-rot fungi have showed the ability to degrade a wide range of PAHs. This study aimed to investigate enzyme production, fungal biomass, and glucose utilization during the biodegradation process of fiuoranthene by a white-rot fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius F043 and to identify the metabolites produced in the degradation process. The extracellular ligninolytic enzyme system of the fungi, producing laccases and peroxidases, was directly linked to the biodegradation of fiuoranthene. The production of ligninolytic enzymes during fluoranthene degradation was related to an increase in the biomass of Pleurotus pulmonarius F043. Fluoranthene removal decreased with an increase in fluoranthene concentrations. The highest biomass production of Pleurotus pulmonarius F043 （〉 4 400 mg L-1） was found in the 10 mg L-1 fluoranthene culture after 30 d of incubation. Two fluoranthene metabolites, naphthalene-l,8-dicarboxylic acid and phthalic acid, were found in the process of fluoranthene degradation. Laccase was revealed as the major enzyme that played an important role in degradation process. Suitable conditions must be found to promote a successful fungal biotransformation augmentation in liquid culture.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatics (PCAs) possess excellent photoelectric properties, but the construction of such compounds has been a quite challenging subject of study, mainly due to very low solubility. Herein we report a precu...Polycyclic aromatics (PCAs) possess excellent photoelectric properties, but the construction of such compounds has been a quite challenging subject of study, mainly due to very low solubility. Herein we report a precursor synthesis strategy for polycyclic aromatic conjugated polymers. A soluble precursor polymer, that containing fusible "double U-shaped aromatic"(DUA) and perylenetetracarboxydiimide (PDI) units, was firstly synthesized by Suzuki coupling. The stereo aromatic units in polymer backbone were found to be converted into polycyclic aromatic units, i.e. hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC), by chemical or electrochemical oxidation, which resulted in a formation of insoluble polycyclic aromatic conjugated polymers. The electrochemical oxidations that occurred at the interface of electrode and solution exhibited higher cyclization reactivity and leads to the formation of high quality films on the electrode surface. Characterization by Raman and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy validated the successful formation of this HBC structure. Some potential applications of such thin films are being explored, and here we focus on the characteristics of supercapacitors based on their excellent electrochemical properties.展开更多
基金The project is supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundaion of China(599113)Science and Technology Foundation of Ministy of Educationd of China(DF 02064)
文摘Tensile impact tests of aramid (Twaron) fiber bundles were carried out under high strain rates with a wide range of 0. 01/s -1 000/s by using MTS and bar-bar tensile impact apparatus. Based on the statistical constitutive model of fiber bundles, statistical constitutive equations of aramid fiber bundles are derived from statistical analysis of test data at different strain rates. Comparison between the theoretical predictions and experimental data indicates statistical constitutive equations fit well with the experimental data, and statistical constitutive equations of fiber bundles at different strain rates are valid.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20476083） and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province （No.2002AB065）.
文摘A new model was proposed to calculate the viscosity of fluids under the pressure ranging from 0.1 to 110MPa by improving the Tait equation, in which the viscosity μ of liquids was linked with activation volume V. The model with two adjustable parameters a and fl was applied in calculating viscosities for alkane, aromatic and alcohol family at high pressure. Results show that calculated values of viscosity are in good agreement with the experimental ones, and the average relative deviations for alkanes, aromatics and alcohols are 0.56%, 0.31% and 0.66%, respectively. Besides, the errors correlated by the model proposed in this paper were equivalent to the ones from the pure empirical Tait equation, and obviously superior to those from Eyring equation.
文摘Aromatic oil has been used to promote the properties of crumb rubber modified asphalt which is an ideal method to deal with the resource utilization of waste rubber tires and by-product of refinery. Furfural extract oil(FEO) was separated into the light fraction and the heavy fraction. Swelling and dissolution process of natural rubber sheet in these three oil samples was investigated to shed light on the interaction mechanism. Crumb rubber also interacted on FEO and asphalt respectively. Energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) were used to characterize the chemical and structural properties of processed rubber. The chemical composition of processed oils and asphalt was investigated by using the hydrocarbon group analysis(SARA) and gel permeation chromatography. The results revealed that the swelling rate and mass loss of rubber in oils were much higher than those in asphalt and rose with an increasing processing temperature. The heavy fraction of FEO had more diffusion and dissolving capability than the light fraction, whilst compatibility was observed between the heavy fraction and the light fraction. Selective absorption was not observed in the study and detachment of dissolved rubber was disseminated from the outside to the inside. The cross-linking degree of the residue rubber was unchanged with the processing time, and sulfur predominantly remained in the undissolved rubber. Dissolution of crumbed rubber in oils was attributed to devulcanization, while that in the asphalt was mainly attributed to depolymerization.
基金support from the National Key Basic Research Science Foundation (Grant No. 2006CB202500. 4-1)
文摘An efficient analytical method combining pyrolysis and capillary GC/MS has been developed for determination and quantitation of targeted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.The limit of detection ranged from 0.29 μg/g to 43.46 μg/g,and repeatability values were between 0.1% and 8.2% for blank spiked samples and between 0.1 % and 9.8% for real samples of heavy oils.Through application of the proposed method in hydrotreating processes,it has been found out that heavy oils before and after the specified hydroprocessing treatment exhibited a diverse PAHs distribution which might be determined by the discrepancy in their intrinsic contents and hydrogenation reactivity.Furthermore,the hydrogenation reactivity of different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was further investigated and discovered to be more interrelated to molecular structure and rings alignment or conjugation mode.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)of Ministry of Education,Malaysia(No.R.J130000.7809.4F465the Science Fund of Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation,Malaysia(No.R.J130000.7909.4S110)
文摘Fluoranthene, a four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is possible genotoxic in nature, has been used as an indicator for assessing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH）-containing pollutants. Microbial degradation is one of the promising methods in removing up PAH-contaminated environments. White-rot fungi have showed the ability to degrade a wide range of PAHs. This study aimed to investigate enzyme production, fungal biomass, and glucose utilization during the biodegradation process of fiuoranthene by a white-rot fungus Pleurotus pulmonarius F043 and to identify the metabolites produced in the degradation process. The extracellular ligninolytic enzyme system of the fungi, producing laccases and peroxidases, was directly linked to the biodegradation of fiuoranthene. The production of ligninolytic enzymes during fluoranthene degradation was related to an increase in the biomass of Pleurotus pulmonarius F043. Fluoranthene removal decreased with an increase in fluoranthene concentrations. The highest biomass production of Pleurotus pulmonarius F043 （〉 4 400 mg L-1） was found in the 10 mg L-1 fluoranthene culture after 30 d of incubation. Two fluoranthene metabolites, naphthalene-l,8-dicarboxylic acid and phthalic acid, were found in the process of fluoranthene degradation. Laccase was revealed as the major enzyme that played an important role in degradation process. Suitable conditions must be found to promote a successful fungal biotransformation augmentation in liquid culture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51573055, 21334002, 51373054)the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB834705, 2014CB643504)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Polycyclic aromatics (PCAs) possess excellent photoelectric properties, but the construction of such compounds has been a quite challenging subject of study, mainly due to very low solubility. Herein we report a precursor synthesis strategy for polycyclic aromatic conjugated polymers. A soluble precursor polymer, that containing fusible "double U-shaped aromatic"(DUA) and perylenetetracarboxydiimide (PDI) units, was firstly synthesized by Suzuki coupling. The stereo aromatic units in polymer backbone were found to be converted into polycyclic aromatic units, i.e. hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC), by chemical or electrochemical oxidation, which resulted in a formation of insoluble polycyclic aromatic conjugated polymers. The electrochemical oxidations that occurred at the interface of electrode and solution exhibited higher cyclization reactivity and leads to the formation of high quality films on the electrode surface. Characterization by Raman and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy validated the successful formation of this HBC structure. Some potential applications of such thin films are being explored, and here we focus on the characteristics of supercapacitors based on their excellent electrochemical properties.
