Roes of yellowfin tuna （Thunnus albacares） and red snapper （Lutjanus champecanus） are considered as abundant and underutilized by-product in Indonesia. The production of roe protein concentrate （RPC） is expected...Roes of yellowfin tuna （Thunnus albacares） and red snapper （Lutjanus champecanus） are considered as abundant and underutilized by-product in Indonesia. The production of roe protein concentrate （RPC） is expected to increase the economic value and potency of their usage. Tuna and red snapper RPC was defatted using etano195% with one, two, three and four times of repetition. Both RPC made with four times repetition of defatting had the highest protein content （79.90% and 80.72%）, showed high emulsion activity （97.46% and 99.62%） and emulsion stability （97.10% and 99.48%）, and decreased the interfacial tension of 51% and 55.9%, respectively. Mayonnaise was made with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% substitution level of each RPC with four times repetition ofdefatting. The physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of mayonnaise were studied. The best mayonnaise formulation was obtained from 50% substitution level of tuna and red snapper RPC. Mayonnaise with tuna and red snapper RPC had good viscosity （5,920 cPs and 5,845 cPs）, high emulsion stability （90.5% and 91.73%） and small fat globule size （±2.5 lam and ± 2.25 lam）, respectively. These mayonnaises also showed high score of spreadability and low intense of fishy odor. However they still had quite strong of fishy flavor based on scoring test.展开更多
Hebei has a long history, rich cultural heritage, which not only has a lot of tangible cultural heritage, but also has many valuable cultural heritages. This non- material cultural heritage not only is a spiritual wea...Hebei has a long history, rich cultural heritage, which not only has a lot of tangible cultural heritage, but also has many valuable cultural heritages. This non- material cultural heritage not only is a spiritual wealth and a precious wisdom of Hebei children, but also a treasure of Chinese civilization. Protection of intangible cultural heritage, maintaining national cultural heritage, is an important cultural foundation of enhancing the bond of national emotional, promoting and safeguarding national unity and social stability, and is also a necessary requirement to building an advanced socialist culture, promoting a cultural province construction, building a ＂harmonious Hebei ＂, and achieving better and faster development of Hebei. Conscientiously implement the approach of ＂protection and rescue first, rational use, inheritance and development ＂, and do a really good job of intangible cultural heritage protection, management and rational use.展开更多
Aims Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to increase mean temperatures and rainfall seasonality.How tropical rainforest species will respond to this climate change remains uncertain.Here,we analysed the effects ...Aims Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to increase mean temperatures and rainfall seasonality.How tropical rainforest species will respond to this climate change remains uncertain.Here,we analysed the effects of a 4-year experimental throughfall exclusion(TFE)on an Australian endemic palm(Normambya normanbyi)in the Daintree rainforest of North Queensland,Australia.We aimed to understand the impact of a simulated reduction in rainfall on the species’physiological processes and fruiting phenology.Methods We examined the fruiting phenology and ecophysiology of this locally abundant palm to determine the ecological responses of the species to drought.Soil water availability was reduced overall by~30%under a TFE experiment,established in May 2015.We monitored monthly fruiting activity for 8 years in total(2009–2018),including 4 years prior to the onset of the TFE.In the most recent year of the study,we measured physiological parameters including photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and carbon stable isotopes(δ13C,an integrated measure of water use efficiency)from young and mature leaves in both the dry and wet seasons.Important Findings We determined that the monthly fruiting activity of all palms was primarily driven by photoperiod,mean solar radiation and mean temperature.However,individuals exposed to lower soil moisture in the TFE decreased significantly in fruiting activity,photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance.We found that these measures of physiological performance were affected by the TFE,season and the interaction of the two.Recovery of fruiting activity in the TFE palms was observed in 2018,when there was an increase in shallow soil moisture compared with previous years in the treatment.Our findings suggest that palms,such as the N.normanbyi,will be sensitive to future climate change with long-term monitoring recommended to determine population-scale impacts.展开更多
文摘Roes of yellowfin tuna （Thunnus albacares） and red snapper （Lutjanus champecanus） are considered as abundant and underutilized by-product in Indonesia. The production of roe protein concentrate （RPC） is expected to increase the economic value and potency of their usage. Tuna and red snapper RPC was defatted using etano195% with one, two, three and four times of repetition. Both RPC made with four times repetition of defatting had the highest protein content （79.90% and 80.72%）, showed high emulsion activity （97.46% and 99.62%） and emulsion stability （97.10% and 99.48%）, and decreased the interfacial tension of 51% and 55.9%, respectively. Mayonnaise was made with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% substitution level of each RPC with four times repetition ofdefatting. The physical, chemical and organoleptic properties of mayonnaise were studied. The best mayonnaise formulation was obtained from 50% substitution level of tuna and red snapper RPC. Mayonnaise with tuna and red snapper RPC had good viscosity （5,920 cPs and 5,845 cPs）, high emulsion stability （90.5% and 91.73%） and small fat globule size （±2.5 lam and ± 2.25 lam）, respectively. These mayonnaises also showed high score of spreadability and low intense of fishy odor. However they still had quite strong of fishy flavor based on scoring test.
文摘Hebei has a long history, rich cultural heritage, which not only has a lot of tangible cultural heritage, but also has many valuable cultural heritages. This non- material cultural heritage not only is a spiritual wealth and a precious wisdom of Hebei children, but also a treasure of Chinese civilization. Protection of intangible cultural heritage, maintaining national cultural heritage, is an important cultural foundation of enhancing the bond of national emotional, promoting and safeguarding national unity and social stability, and is also a necessary requirement to building an advanced socialist culture, promoting a cultural province construction, building a ＂harmonious Hebei ＂, and achieving better and faster development of Hebei. Conscientiously implement the approach of ＂protection and rescue first, rational use, inheritance and development ＂, and do a really good job of intangible cultural heritage protection, management and rational use.
基金supported by grants from the Skyrail Rainforest Foundation(http://www.skyrailfoundation.org/)Wet Tropics Management Authority(https://www.wettropics.gov.au)to N.V.,and Australian Research Council grants(FT130101319,DP130104092)to S.L.
文摘Aims Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to increase mean temperatures and rainfall seasonality.How tropical rainforest species will respond to this climate change remains uncertain.Here,we analysed the effects of a 4-year experimental throughfall exclusion(TFE)on an Australian endemic palm(Normambya normanbyi)in the Daintree rainforest of North Queensland,Australia.We aimed to understand the impact of a simulated reduction in rainfall on the species’physiological processes and fruiting phenology.Methods We examined the fruiting phenology and ecophysiology of this locally abundant palm to determine the ecological responses of the species to drought.Soil water availability was reduced overall by~30%under a TFE experiment,established in May 2015.We monitored monthly fruiting activity for 8 years in total(2009–2018),including 4 years prior to the onset of the TFE.In the most recent year of the study,we measured physiological parameters including photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and carbon stable isotopes(δ13C,an integrated measure of water use efficiency)from young and mature leaves in both the dry and wet seasons.Important Findings We determined that the monthly fruiting activity of all palms was primarily driven by photoperiod,mean solar radiation and mean temperature.However,individuals exposed to lower soil moisture in the TFE decreased significantly in fruiting activity,photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance.We found that these measures of physiological performance were affected by the TFE,season and the interaction of the two.Recovery of fruiting activity in the TFE palms was observed in 2018,when there was an increase in shallow soil moisture compared with previous years in the treatment.Our findings suggest that palms,such as the N.normanbyi,will be sensitive to future climate change with long-term monitoring recommended to determine population-scale impacts.
