铬渣的固化/稳定化研究

探讨了用水泥粘结剂对铬渣进行稳定化的方法。结果表明 ,把高炉矿渣和粉煤灰加入水泥基材中对铬渣进行固化 ,固化体抗压强度达到 30 MPa以上 ,浸出毒性大大降低 ,浸出液中六价铬浓度在容许范围内 。

大型垃圾填埋场垃圾稳定化研究

本文对大型垃圾填埋场内不同填埋时间垃圾四个组分 (总糖、有机质、生物可降解物和粗纤维 )含量进行了分析 ,并对各指标随填埋时间的变化趋势进行了讨论。结果表明 :在试验场封场后不久 ,垃圾取样均匀性不能保证 ,各指标随时间变化波动很大 ;封场 71 8d后 ,各指标随时间变化呈现一定的规律性 ,垃圾的生物可降解物含量变化能较好地反映垃圾的降解规律。

色素增感太阳能电池稳定化研究

介绍了色素增感太阳能电池的发展及特点,指出稳定性差将是实现产业化的一个发展瓶颈;对提高稳定性的组成部分如:固体电解质、离子液体、无机增感色素、复合透明导电薄膜以及电池的封装问题进行了综述;对色素增感太阳能电池的应用前景作出了展望。

Wheel-shaped icosanuclear Cu-containing polyoxometalate catalyst: Mechanistic and stability studies on light-driven hydrogen generation

In this paper,we report the synthesis and characterization of a wheel-shaped icosanuclear Cu-containing polyoxometalate(POM),K_(12)Li_(13)[Cu_(2)0Cl(OH)_(24)(H_(2)O)_(12)(P_(8)W_(48)O_(184))]·22H_(2)O(K_(12)Li_(13)-Cu_(2)0P_(8)W_(48)).The resulting cation-exchanged tetrabutylammonium salt of the polyoxoanion Cu_(2)0P_(8)W_(48)(TBA-Cu_(2)0P_(8)W_(48))exhibits high efficiency for visible-light-driven H_(2) production in the presence of an[Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)][PF_(6)]photosensitizer and a triethanolamine electron donor.Under optimal conditions,the turnover number for H_(2) production reaches~2892 after 5 h of photocatalysis and thereafter continuously increases to~13400 in a long-term 120 h reaction,representing the best performance among all reported transition-metal-substituted POM catalysts.Mechanistic studies confirm the existence of reductive and oxidative quenching processes,of which the reductive quenching pathway is dominant.Various stability tests demonstrate that the TBA-Cu_(2)0P_(8)W_(48) catalyst slowly dissociates Cu ions under turnover conditions;however,both the starting TBA-Cu_(2)0P_(8)W_(48) and its molecular decomposition products are dominant active species for efficient and long-term H_(2) production.

A hydrochemical study of the Hammam Righa geothermal waters in north-central Algeria

This study focuses on the hydrochemical characteristics of 47 water samples collected from thermal and cold springs that emerge from the Hammam Righa geothermal field, located in north-central Algeria. The aquifer that feeds these springs is mainly situated in the deeply fractured Jurassic limestone and dolomite of the Zaccar Mount. Measured discharge temperatures of the cold waters range from 16.0 to 26.5 ℃ and the hot waters from 32.1 to 68.2 ℃. All waters exhibited a near-neutral pH of 6.0-7.6. The thermal waters had a high total dis- solved solids （TDS） content of up to 2527 mg/l, while the TDS for cold waters was 659.0-852.0 mg/l. Chemical analyses suggest that two main types of water exist： hot waters in the upflow area of the Ca-Na-SO4 type （Ham- mam Righa） and cold waters in the recharge zone of the Ca-Na-HCO3 type （Zaccar Mount）. Reservoir tempera- tures were estimated using silica geothermometers and fluid/mineral equilibria at 78, 92, and 95℃ for HR4, HR2, and HRI, respectively. Stable isotopic analyses of the δ18O and δD composition of the waters suggest that the thermal waters of Hammam Righa are of meteoric origin. We conclude that meteoric recharge infiltrates through the fractured dolomitic limestones of the Zaccar Mount and is conductively heated at a depth of 2.1-2.2 km. The hotwaters then interact at depth with Triassic evaporites located in the hydrothermal conduit （fault）, giving rise to the Ca-Na-SO4 water type. As they ascend to the surface, the thermal waters mix with shallower Mg-rich ground- water, resulting in waters that plot in the immature water field in the Na-K-Mg diagram. The mixing trend between cold groundwaters from the recharge zone area （Zaccar Mount） and hot waters in the upflow area （Hammam Righa） is apparent via a chloride-enthalpy diagram that shows a mixing ratio of 22.6 〈 R 〈 29.2 %. We summa- rize these results with a geothermal conceptual model of the Hammam Righa geothermal field.

Research on the Feasibility of Engineering Application for Solidified Sludge Landfill

The sludge was landfilled after solidification/stabilization treatment. This technology can solve the problem of much sludge treatment. But the study on engineering application is less common. There is a lack of corresponding research results about equipment, process and treatment effect. According to the above problems, this paper discusses the treatment process combining with sludge solidification/stabilization landfill field in Fuyong Town in Shenzhen City. Furthermore, the strength, moisture content, environmental indexes of treated sludge in field test was carried out in order to monitor the treatment effect. The results showed that the sludge solidification/stabilization equipment can meet the need of large-scale engineering application and the treatment process is relatively simple and the solidified sludge can meet the need of landfill.

China’s progress of perovskite solar cells in 2019

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted worldwide attention due to their high efficiency and low manufacturing cost.As the largest supplier of photovoltaic modules,China has made huge endeavors in the research on PSCs.In 2019,Chinese research groups were still holding the top position for paper publications in the world.Both the efficiency and the stability of the device have been steadily increasing,pushing forward the commercialization of PSCs step by step.This review summarizes the highlights of China’s PSC research progress in 2019 and briefly introduces the development of PSC modules in industry.

Self-catalyzed growth of Zn/Co-N-C carbon nanotubes derived from metal-organic frameworks as efficient oxygen reduction catalysts for Zn-air battery

Designing cost-effective and high-performance carbon-based oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts is crucial in the development of Zn-air batteries(ZABs).In this study,a facile one-pot synthesis approach is engineered to construct Zn/Co-N-C carbonaceous polyhedrons interconnected with self-catalyzed-grown carbon nanotubes(CNTs)from zeolitic imidazolium frameworks linked with graphene oxide nanosheets.The special N-doped threedimensional(3 D)carbon matrix allows manipulating the exposure of active sites and the synergistic interaction between metal nanoparticles and CNTs.The as-synthesized catalyst features impressive ORR activity in 0.1 mol L^(-1)KOH(E_(1/2)=0.83 V)and 0.5 mol L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4)(E_(1/2)=0.73 V),satisfactory cycling stability and methanol resistance comparable to those of the benchmark Pt/C catalyst(E_(1/2)=0.80 V in 0.1 mol L^(-1)KOH,E_(1/2)=0.75 V in 0.5 mol L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4)).Furthermore,the asestablished ZAB demonstrates a competitive peak power density(90 mW cm^(-2))and prominent long-term stability,which are better than those of devices based on the commercial Pt/C catalyst(82 mW cm^(-2)).This work provides promising guidance for fabricating highly effective ORR catalysts with in situ formed CNTs,which can be applied in portable ZABrelated devices.