策略原因在归因模式中的作用试探

稳定性维度在归因的动力模式中具有重要的心理学意义，但由于在理论上的界定与实际操作上的应用不一致而受到质疑。通过概述近代有关策略归因的研究，并在中学进行初步调查，在此基础上对稳定性维度的实质、策略因素的确认和开展策略研究的方向提出思考。

归因理论:形成和发展

归因理论足对人的行为结果作原因推论的一个研究领域。归因理论的形成及发展是许多心理学家对人的行为的因果关系不断探索的结果。弗里茨·海德,内德·琼斯、基恩·戴维斯、凯利,伯纳德·韦纳等对人之做出了突出的贡献。开展对归因理论和归因应用研究将对我国的心理学基础和应用研究起到很大促进作用。

初中生学习成功自我归因特点初探

一、问题的提出 归因理论问题一直是社会心理学家关注的一个课题。归因理论,最早是由海德提出的。海德认为,每个人在其日常生活中都要对自己或别人的行为的因和果进行分析,即人们都要对自己或别人的所作所为提出“为什么”的问题。所谓归因是对自己或别人所做过的事情的结果或外部行为的原因所进行的推论。海德认为,人们把因果关系归为两类,一类是外部原因,另一类是内部原因。

Research on the stability of nearly zero flattened dispersion of photonic crystal fibers

To analyze the stability of nearly zero flattened dispersion, the dispersion deviations for three kinds of PCFs are calculated when the hole diameters deviate from their designed values. Numerical results show that around the wavelength of 1.55 μm, the dispersion deviations of both the PCF with three-fold symmetry core and the PCF with hexagonal lattice are much less than that of the PCF with different hole diameters in different rings. Therefore, the stabilities of nearly zero flattened dispersion of the first two kinds of PCFs are much better than that of the last one. Considering the confinement loss, the PCF with three-fold symmetry core is preferable to practical use.

Effects of nonlinear strength parameters on stability of 3D soil slopes

Actual slope stability problems have three-dimensional(3D) characteristics and the soils of slopes have curved failure envelopes. This incorporates a power-law nonlinear failure criterion into the kinematic approach of limit analysis to conduct the evaluation of the stability of 3D slopes. A tangential technique is adopted to simplify the nonlinear failure criterion in the form of equivalent Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters. A class of 3D admissible rotational failure mechanisms is selected for soil slopes including three types of failure mechanisms: face failure, base failure, and toe failure. The upper-bound solutions and corresponding critical slip surfaces can be obtained by an efficient optimization method. The results indicate that the nonlinear parameters have significant influences on the assessment of slope stability, especially on the type of failure mechanism. The effects of nonlinear parameters appear to be pronounced for gentle slopes constrained to a narrow width. Compared with the solutions derived from plane-strain analysis, the 3D solutions are more sensitive to the values of nonlinear parameters.

Experimental research on breakup of 2D power law liquid film

On account of limited knowledge of the breakup of power law liquid film, the process of its disintegration and atomization was studied by using a planar liquid film. A linear stability analysis was adopted to predict the breakup characteristics of the power law film. The predicting formulas of stripping breakup length and diameter of ligament were put forward presently. Through high-speed photography and laser light sheet illumination,different breakup characteristics of flat power law film under different conditions were derived. The characteristic dimension of breakup regimes were defined and extracted. The effects of several parameters(injection pressure,ambient pressure, nozzle structure and fluid property) on the stripping breakup length and spray angle were investigated. The results revealed that increasing both the velocity of liquid film and the ambient pressure facilitated the breakup of film, reduced the stripping breakup length and enlarged the spray angle in different extents. The comparison between theoretical and experimental results was conducted to validate the feasibility of the linear stability theory.

Efficient Method to Achieve Enhanced Thermal Dimensional Stability and Desired Dimensions of Hollow Polyester Fiber

This study has developed an efficient method to achieve excellent thermal dimensional stability and desired dimensions of hollow polyester fiber. Firstly,the influence of thermal treatment temperate( 140-180 ℃) on the degree of shrinkage of fiber was investigated. The influence was also analyzed with a 2nd heating to simulate the application situation. It was discovered that the heat treatment at a temperature which was above the application temperature( 2nd heating) would efficiently remove the internal stress in the fiber and improve the thermal dimensional stability.Secondly,the impact of heat treatment temperature on the fiber diameter and the degree of hollowness were studied. The results implied that with a fixed fiber length, higher treatment temperature led to thinner fiber and a lower degree of hollowness.Last but not least,key parameters that could further influence the fiber dimensions were investigated. The results suggested that the fiber diameters and the degree of hollowness could be further controlled by tuning the drawing speed,the spinning meter pump output and cooling status while the spinneret parameters were fixed.

Flow Instability of a Centrifugal Pump Determined Using the Energy Gradient Method

The stability of the centrifugal pump has not been well revealed because of the complexity of internal flow. To analyze the flow characteristics of a centrifugal pump operating at low capacity, methods of numerical simulation and experimental research were adopted in this paper. Characteristics of the inner flow were obtained. Standard k-s turbulence models were used to calculate the inner flow of the pump under off-design conditions. The distri- bution of the energy gradient function K was obtained by three-dimensional numerical simulation at different flow rates. The relative velocity component was acquired from the absolute velocity obtained in particle image velocimetry. By comparing with experimental results, it was found that flow instability occurs at the position of maximum K. The flow stability reduces with an increasing flow rate. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of a centrifugal pump.