Balance is an essential component of movement and is critical in the ability to participate in physical activity. Developing an exergaming curriculum for schools has the potential to improve balance or postural stabil...Balance is an essential component of movement and is critical in the ability to participate in physical activity. Developing an exergaming curriculum for schools has the potential to improve balance or postural stability in children. In this study, a purposely-built exergaming center in an elementary school was used to test fourth grade students with a specially designed exergaming curriculum oriented toward improving postural stability. The program was implemented over a 6-week period, 34 min per day, 4-5 days per week. Two control groups were used： （1） a physical education （PE） class geared toward agility, balance, and coordination （ABC） improvement, and （2） a typical PE curriculum class. Exergaming students improved their postural stability significantly over a 6-week period compared to those in the typical PE class. Improvements in postural stability were also evident in the ABC class. Postural stability in the girls was better than the boys in all pre- and post-intervention tests. This study demonstrates that exergaming is a practical resource in the PE class to improve postural stability.展开更多
Germany and China use different stable systems for fattening pigs. Widespread systems in Germany are closed stables with slatted or partly slatted floor, which produce liquid manure （a mixture of urine, faeces, and c...Germany and China use different stable systems for fattening pigs. Widespread systems in Germany are closed stables with slatted or partly slatted floor, which produce liquid manure （a mixture of urine, faeces, and cleaning water） whereas in China open stables with closed concrete floors are used with separate collection of faeces and urine. Based on data from literature and own analyses nutrient flows of both systems are calculated. The Chinese manure system or mechanized belt or V-shaped pit floor systems with faeces/urine separation are more effective to separate solids, nutrients, carbon, and heavy metal than mechanical separation from liquid manure. The separation rates can be up to 88% for the solids, 67% for nitrogen, 93% for phosphorus, 60% for potassium, 94% for magnesium, 97% for cupper, and 98% for zinc. The faeces can be used for composting to produce a market product.展开更多
The possibility of multiplicity in an isothermal continuous mixed suspension-mixed product removalcrystallizer is explored using the bifurcation theory. A process involving agglomeration controlled precipitationis con...The possibility of multiplicity in an isothermal continuous mixed suspension-mixed product removalcrystallizer is explored using the bifurcation theory. A process involving agglomeration controlled precipitationis considered in which secondary nucleation occurs simultaneously with primary nucleation. The determinantequations for the existence of multiple steady states are developed and the multiplicity boundaries dependent on thephysical and kinetic properties and operational parameters of the process are obtained by resolving these determinantequations. The number of steady states in the precipitator for various multiplicity regions is determined and thelinear stability of these steady states is analyzed by using the Routh criterion.展开更多
The geometry of a landslide dam is an important component of evaluating dam stability.However,the geometry of a natural dam commonly cannot be obtained immediately with field investigations due to their remote locatio...The geometry of a landslide dam is an important component of evaluating dam stability.However,the geometry of a natural dam commonly cannot be obtained immediately with field investigations due to their remote locations.A rapid evaluation model is presented to estimate the geometries of natural dams based on the slope of the stream,volume of landslides,and the properties of the deposit.The proposed model uses high resolution satellite images to determine the geometry of the landside dam.These satellite images are the basic information to a preliminary stability analysis of a natural dam.This study applies the proposed method to two case studies in Taiwan.One is the earthquakeinduced Lung-Chung landslide dam in Taitung,and the second is the rainfall-induced Shih-Wun landslide dam in Pingtung.展开更多
The problem of H∞ stability analysis and control synthesis of switched systems with delayed states under arb/trary switchirg laws is considered. By means of Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality tools, suffi...The problem of H∞ stability analysis and control synthesis of switched systems with delayed states under arb/trary switchirg laws is considered. By means of Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality tools, sufficient ctmdition of H∞ stability is presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, the robust H∞ control synthesis via state feedback and output feedack is studied. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
This paper offeres an exact study on the robust stability of a kind of combined integrating control system, and the robust stability belongs to the analysis of a kind of quasi-polynomial with two independent time dela...This paper offeres an exact study on the robust stability of a kind of combined integrating control system, and the robust stability belongs to the analysis of a kind of quasi-polynomial with two independent time delays. The parameters of stable space under time delay uncertainty are fixed after Rekasius transformation, and then a new cluster treatment of characteristic roots (CTCR) procedure is adopted to determine the stable space. By this strategy we find that the unstable space is not continuous and both Karitonov vertices theory and Edge theory are unable to be extended to quasi-polynomial under time delay uncertainty.展开更多
The present article deals with the natural nitrogen-15 abundance of ammonium nitrogen and fixed ammonium in different soils. Variations in the natural 15N abundance of ammonium nitrogen mineralized in soils under anae...The present article deals with the natural nitrogen-15 abundance of ammonium nitrogen and fixed ammonium in different soils. Variations in the natural 15N abundance of ammonium nitrogen mineralized in soils under anaerobic incubation condition were related to soil pH. The δ 15N of mineralizable N in acid soils was lower but that in neutral and calcareous soils was higher compared with the δ 15N of total N in the soils. A variation tendency was also found in the δ 15N of amino-acid N in the hydrolysates of soils. The natural 15N abundance of fixed ammonium was higher than that of total N in most surface soils and other soil horizons, indicating that the increase of δ 15N in the soil horizons beneath subsurface horizon of some forest soils and acid paddy soils was related to the higher δ 15N value of fixed ammonium in the soil.展开更多
文摘Balance is an essential component of movement and is critical in the ability to participate in physical activity. Developing an exergaming curriculum for schools has the potential to improve balance or postural stability in children. In this study, a purposely-built exergaming center in an elementary school was used to test fourth grade students with a specially designed exergaming curriculum oriented toward improving postural stability. The program was implemented over a 6-week period, 34 min per day, 4-5 days per week. Two control groups were used： （1） a physical education （PE） class geared toward agility, balance, and coordination （ABC） improvement, and （2） a typical PE curriculum class. Exergaming students improved their postural stability significantly over a 6-week period compared to those in the typical PE class. Improvements in postural stability were also evident in the ABC class. Postural stability in the girls was better than the boys in all pre- and post-intervention tests. This study demonstrates that exergaming is a practical resource in the PE class to improve postural stability.
基金The authors would like to thank the German Ministry for Education and Research （BMBF） （project No. 0330847G）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （project No. 40971177）, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People＇s Republic of China （MOST） for financing the project.
文摘Germany and China use different stable systems for fattening pigs. Widespread systems in Germany are closed stables with slatted or partly slatted floor, which produce liquid manure （a mixture of urine, faeces, and cleaning water） whereas in China open stables with closed concrete floors are used with separate collection of faeces and urine. Based on data from literature and own analyses nutrient flows of both systems are calculated. The Chinese manure system or mechanized belt or V-shaped pit floor systems with faeces/urine separation are more effective to separate solids, nutrients, carbon, and heavy metal than mechanical separation from liquid manure. The separation rates can be up to 88% for the solids, 67% for nitrogen, 93% for phosphorus, 60% for potassium, 94% for magnesium, 97% for cupper, and 98% for zinc. The faeces can be used for composting to produce a market product.
文摘The possibility of multiplicity in an isothermal continuous mixed suspension-mixed product removalcrystallizer is explored using the bifurcation theory. A process involving agglomeration controlled precipitationis considered in which secondary nucleation occurs simultaneously with primary nucleation. The determinantequations for the existence of multiple steady states are developed and the multiplicity boundaries dependent on thephysical and kinetic properties and operational parameters of the process are obtained by resolving these determinantequations. The number of steady states in the precipitator for various multiplicity regions is determined and thelinear stability of these steady states is analyzed by using the Routh criterion.
基金supported by National Science Council,Taiwan,China.The project name is Numerical Approach to Estimate the Stability and Deformation Response of Landslide Dams(NSC99-2625-M-006-004)and Modeling of The Compound Disaster in Hsiaolin Village(NSC99-2218-E-006-238)
文摘The geometry of a landslide dam is an important component of evaluating dam stability.However,the geometry of a natural dam commonly cannot be obtained immediately with field investigations due to their remote locations.A rapid evaluation model is presented to estimate the geometries of natural dams based on the slope of the stream,volume of landslides,and the properties of the deposit.The proposed model uses high resolution satellite images to determine the geometry of the landside dam.These satellite images are the basic information to a preliminary stability analysis of a natural dam.This study applies the proposed method to two case studies in Taiwan.One is the earthquakeinduced Lung-Chung landslide dam in Taitung,and the second is the rainfall-induced Shih-Wun landslide dam in Pingtung.
基金supported by the National“863”Foundation of China under Grant 2007AA04Z193
文摘The problem of H∞ stability analysis and control synthesis of switched systems with delayed states under arb/trary switchirg laws is considered. By means of Lyapunov function and linear matrix inequality tools, sufficient ctmdition of H∞ stability is presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, the robust H∞ control synthesis via state feedback and output feedack is studied. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60674088)
文摘This paper offeres an exact study on the robust stability of a kind of combined integrating control system, and the robust stability belongs to the analysis of a kind of quasi-polynomial with two independent time delays. The parameters of stable space under time delay uncertainty are fixed after Rekasius transformation, and then a new cluster treatment of characteristic roots (CTCR) procedure is adopted to determine the stable space. By this strategy we find that the unstable space is not continuous and both Karitonov vertices theory and Edge theory are unable to be extended to quasi-polynomial under time delay uncertainty.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The present article deals with the natural nitrogen-15 abundance of ammonium nitrogen and fixed ammonium in different soils. Variations in the natural 15N abundance of ammonium nitrogen mineralized in soils under anaerobic incubation condition were related to soil pH. The δ 15N of mineralizable N in acid soils was lower but that in neutral and calcareous soils was higher compared with the δ 15N of total N in the soils. A variation tendency was also found in the δ 15N of amino-acid N in the hydrolysates of soils. The natural 15N abundance of fixed ammonium was higher than that of total N in most surface soils and other soil horizons, indicating that the increase of δ 15N in the soil horizons beneath subsurface horizon of some forest soils and acid paddy soils was related to the higher δ 15N value of fixed ammonium in the soil.
