天然胶原的稳态流变性能和数学模拟

用旋转流变仪研究胶原溶液的稳态流变性能,讨论了浓度和温度的变化对胶原溶液流动曲线的影响。实验数据显示胶原溶液的剪切粘度随着剪切速率的增大而降低,表明胶原溶液具有明显的假塑性。同一剪切速率下,温度升高,胶原溶液的剪切粘度降低;浓度增大,剪切粘度增大。用幂律方程、Carreau方程和Cross方程对胶原溶液的流动曲线进行数学拟合,结果表明幂律方程,Carreau方程和Cross方程都能准确地描述胶原的流动曲线,其中幂律方程的粘度指数K和非牛顿指数n的变化能准确反映胶原假塑性的变化;Carreau方程和Cross方程的参数比幂律方程多,其拟合得到的曲线和实验数据吻合得更好。但在本实验条件下,Carreau方程和Cross方程预测的零剪切粘度η0和无穷剪切粘度η∞不准确。

纤维素/氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液的流变性能

为探究纤维素溶液流变性能对其静电纺丝可纺性的影响,研究了纤维素/氯化锂(LiCl)/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)溶液的稳态流变性能和动态流变性能,并在此基础上进行静电纺丝。结果表明:纤维素/LiCl/DMAc溶液为假塑性流体,溶液的表观黏度、稠度系数、结构黏度指数均随着温度的升高而减小,随着纤维素质量分数的增加而增大,而非牛顿指数的变化规律则相反;20~60℃温度下,质量分数为2.5%和3.0%的纤维素/LiCl/DMAc溶液的非牛顿指数更接近1,具有较稳定的流变性能,且结构黏度指数较小,更易进行纺丝操作;室温下,质量分数为3.0%的纤维素/LiCl/DMAc溶液更适宜进行静电纺丝。

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇的流变行为及其可纺性研究

采用乙酸(HAc)作为溶剂,配制壳聚糖(CS)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)纺丝液,探究纺丝液稳态流变和动态流变性能并考察其静电纺丝的可行性。研究结果表明:随着CS质量分数的增加,纺丝液的稠度系数、结构黏度指数、表观黏度、储能模量(G′)、损耗模量(G″)和复合黏度(η*)均相应增加,非牛顿指数相应减小,不利于CS/PVA纺丝液静电纺丝。随着测试温度的增加,纺丝液的稠度系数、结构黏度指数、表观黏度、G′、G″和η*均相应减小,非牛顿指数相应增加,纺丝液流动性能加强,可纺性提升。当CS质量分数为3.0%时,纺丝液在测试温度30℃下的稠度系数和结构黏度指数均较小,分别为7.9781和2.16,且非牛顿指数为0.8877接近于1,表明该纺丝液具有良好的流动性和加工性。结合SEM和流变行为分析,在室温条件下CS质量分数为3.0%的CS/PVA纺丝液呈现优异的可纺性,可以构建连续、均匀且不带珠状连结的纳米纤维。

Laboratory and Field Investigations of Polymer and Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen

In this paper, properties of new kind of modified bitumen are presented. Bituminous binder was modified with mix modification using polymer and additive of crumb rubber. Terminal blend process at the refinery was applied to produce the mixed modified binder. Laboratory tests were focused on the characterization of the properties of 45/80-55 CR binder with comparison to reference 50/70 and conventional polymer modified 45/80-55 bitumen. Based on conventional binder tests such as penetration, softening point and Fraass breaking point as well as BBR （bending beam rheometer） and DSR （dynamic shear rheometer） tests, rheological properties were investigated. For determination of stability of the polymer and crumb rubber, modified bitumen tube testing method was used. Based on the results analysis, improvement of the viscoelastic properties of polymer and crumb rubber modified bitumen was observed. Conventional properties and stability tests showed that it is possible to pass standard requirements for polymer modified bitumen. Mixed modification and terminal blend allow to use crumb rubber as a modifier with elimination of the separation of crumb rubber during transportation and storage at high temperature. In this paper, experience from filed sections with use of the asphalt mixture with new kind of modified bitumen is presented.