稻稻栽培农业生态系统中不同硫肥对水稻的效应及土壤硫平衡(英文)

为了了解不同硫肥对水稻的效应及在水稻栽培农业生态系统中硫的循环与平衡情况，采用随机区组设计。将不同来源的硫肥设为7个处理包括：对照（不施硫），硫酸铵，过磷酸钙，自然硫素，石膏，50％石膏＋50％自然硫素，70％石膏＋30％自然硫素，对水稻进行处理。试验结果表明，不同硫肥对早稻谷粒产量有显著的影响，与对照相比，产量增加9．1％～10．3％。在早稻上施用硫肥可以提高干稻草产量和每公顷有效穗数，稻草产量增加5．3％～11．6％。施硫肥对株高和穗长没有明显影响，但可以提高结实率和千粒重。在早晚稻的稻草和谷粒中，硫含量没有明显提高，但在早稻明显提高了硫的吸收。施硫肥可以使水稻获得较好的效益，其中自然硫处理的净产值最高为1882．6元／ha。在广西，以水稻一水稻为栽培方式的地区每年施用30Skg／ha，土壤中硫保持正向平衡，而如果不采用这个施肥比例，土壤硫保持为负平衡；在这些地区，利用各种硫源包括硫肥施硫，对水稻生产将是一种较好的策略。

全州县“稻-稻-蒜”模式大蒜高产高效栽培技术

全州县"稻-稻-蒜"是一种粮经水旱轮作生态种植新模式,既不与粮食作物种植争土地,有效地利用水稻收获后的稻草及空闲田资源,又增加一茬经济作物产量,促进农民增收;同时为翌年水稻丰收垫定了殷实基础。该模式具有优越的发展前景和推广应用价值。本文主要介绍大蒜"稻-稻-蒜"种植模式栽培技术。

水稻AGPase小亚基基因的克隆测序及种质间遗传分化的研究

淀粉是构成和影响水稻产量和品质的最主要因素；ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶似GPase）基因是影响淀粉合成的关键酶基因之一。本研究用编码AGPase小亚基基因似GPsma）序列的特异引物（序列为F：5＇-TACGCTATGCTCTTGAAAC-3’；R：5＇-TATCTTCCCAGTAACCATCA-3＇）对普通野生稻（元江）、粳稻（榆密15）、籼稻（93—11）及籼粳交品系（南34）进行PCR扩增、克隆、测序和序列对比。又用该引物对来源于13个国家的15份AA基因组和5份CCDD基因组的共20份野生稻及205份包括40份籼稻和165份粳稻的云南地方品种和改良品种（系）进行PCR检测。在以上4个不同类型水稻材料该引物上扩增出184bp和215bp的2个片段均为AGPase小亚基基因的序列。在该序列的109bp处，元江普通野生稻和榆密15为T，而93—11和南34为C；籼粳交品系南34在121～151bp区间缺失31个碱基。所有的225份供试材料可分为3类。第一类具有215bp大小的条带，包括了全部的野生稻材料和196份籼粳材料。其中籼稻数占籼稻样本总数的95％，籼稻地方品种占籼稻地方品种总数的75％；粳稻数占粳稻样本总数的83．6％，粳稻地方品种占粳稻地方品种总数的60％。第二类具有184bp的条带，包括28个籼粳材料。第三类同时具有215bp和184bp的片段，此类只有1个父母本具不同片段的滇型杂交粳稻品种。结果表明AGPsma序列在野生稻中可能尚未出现分化，但在籼稻、粳稻和地方老品种及改良品种中都出现了遗传分化。

ITS1 SEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA IN WILD RICES AND CULTIVATED RICES OF CHINA AND THEIR PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS

The first internal transcribed spacer(ITS1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA of three wild rice species and two subspecies of cultivated rice, which are distributed in China, was amplified using PCR technique and sequenced with automated fluorescent sequencing. The sequences of ITS1 ranged from 193 bp to 218 bp in size and G/C content varied from 69.3% to 72.7%. In pairwise comparisons among the five taxa, sequence site divergence ranged from 1.5% to 10.6%. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 sequences using Wagner parsimony generated a single well resolved tree, which revealed that Oryza rufipogon was much more closely related to cultivated rice species than to the other two wild species. Oryza granulata was less closely related to either cultivated rice species or the other two wild species, and might be a unique and isolated taxon in the genus Oryza. The phylogenetic relationships of the three wild rice species and two cultivated rice subspecies inferred from ITS1 sequences is highly concordant with those based on the molecular evidence from isozyme, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) of the genus Oryza .

Comparison of Neutral Detergent Fiber,Acid Detergent Fiber and Acid Detergent Lignin Contents of Dongxiang Wild Rice and Cultivated Rice

[Objective] To study the chemic component of rice cell wall among different varieties and at different rice growth stages.[Method] The contents of neutral detergent fiber（NDF）,acid detergent fiber（ADF） and acid detergent lignin （ADL） of rice were analyzed by Van Soest Method.[Result] The contents of NDF,ADF and ADL varied from 55.63% to 71.70%,31.98% to 49.61% and 2.68% to 5.71% respectively,the highest content was gained in Dongxiang wide rice at dough stage,while the lowest content was obtained in rice heading stage of Xieqingzao B.In the same growth stage,the contents of NDF（except heading stage） and ADF were significantly（P0.05 or 0.01） difference among three varieties of rice,the highest content was Dongxiang wide rice,followed by Xiushui 110,and the lowest was Xieqingzao B.In the same variety rice,the content of NDF and ADF were significantly （P0.05 or 0.01） difference among three rice growth stages,the lowest contents was rice heading stage,followed by rice milk ripe stage,the highest was rice dough stage.[Conclusion] the NDF,ADF and other contents of indica rice were lower than that of ordinary wild rice and japonica rice,therefore,it owned a certain value in use of straw feed.If the indica rice could be harvest as earlier as possible,the rice straw together with silage fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis could provide the effective diet for livestock.

Effects of Soaking Cultivated Rice Seeds with Fulvic Acid on Physiological and Ecological Properties of Weedy Rice

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of soaking cultivated rice seeds with fulvic acid （FA） on physiological and ecological properties of weedy rice in the direct seeding cultivated rice field. [Method] Weedy rice JS-Y1 and culti-vated rice Nanjing 44 were used as experimental materials for field plot trials to an-alyze the effects of soaking cultivated rice seeds with 0 （water as control）, 4, 6, 8 g/L FA on til ering dynamics, plant height, chlorophyl content, photosynthetic perfor-mance, gas exchange parameters and yield components of weedy rice at different growth stages. [Result] Among the 4 plants/m2 weedy rice plots, with the increase of FA concentration, til er number, plant height, chlorophyl content, net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （Gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） of weedy rice were reduced. Under the 4-6 g/L FA concentration, til er numbers of weedy rice at differ-ent growth stages were reduced by 13.84%-35.71% compared with control at the same density and the most significant reduction was on the 22nd d after weedy rice germination; chlorophyl contents of weedy rice at the jointing stage were significant-ly reduced by 7.90%-8.88%. Furthermore, in the plots with 4 g/L FA, weedy rice plant heights at the heading stage and grain fil ing stage were significantly reduced by 6.37%-9.10%; Pn, Gs and Tr of weedy rice at the jointing stage and grain fil ing stage were significantly reduced by 10.19%-16.05%, 12.57%-23.33% and 10.28%-19.76%, respectively; 1 000-grain weight, effective panicle number per plant and panicles weight per plant of weedy rice at the maturity stage were significantly re-duced by 3.19%, 21.21% and 27.27%, correspondingly. [Conclusion] In 4 plants/m2 weedy rice plots, because soaking cultivated rice seeds with 4 g/L FA could regu-late the growth and development of cultivated rice, the soaking with FA could change the ecological relationship between cultivated rice and weedy rice, affect weedy rice physiological and ecological properties and al eviate the competitive inhi-bition of weedy rice on cultivated rice.

Comparative Physical Mapping of Bph3 with BAC-FISH in Oryza officinalis and O. sativa

A FISH procedure was adopted to physical mapping rice RFLP marker RZ69 and the BAC clone 38J9 screened by RZ69 which is linked to gene Bph3 in Oryza saliva L. and O. officinalis Well ex: Watt. The FISH results showed that both 38J9 and RZ69 were located in the middle of 4S in O. officinalis and the centromere area of 4S in O. sativa. In O. officinalis the percentage distances from the centromere to the hybridization sites were 20.00 +/- 5.40 and 22.12 +/- 3.44, the detection rates were 50.00% and 6.14%, but in O. sativa they were 0 and 0, 56.10% and 6.29% correspondingly. The results obtained from the BAC and RFLP clone were almost the same in the cultivated rice and O. officinalis. It was suggested that die marker RZ69 of the cultivated rice and its homologous sequence in O. officinalis were in the same BAC clone, the homologous sequence of Bph3 in O. officinalis should be located at the sites hybridized by both RZ69 and 38J9. Many signals on different chromosomes of O. officinalis were observed under no blocking with Cot-1 DNA, showing that the repetitive sequences were also homologous between O. sativa and O. officinalis. The identification of chromosome 4 of O. officinalis is based on comparative map with RG214 and BAC clone screened by RG214. The feasibility of comparative physical mapping performed between O. sativa and O. officinalis with rice BAC clones was discussed.

High-yield Cultivation Techniques for Indica Hybrid Rice Z You 272 Grown as Middle-season rice + Ratooning Rice

Z You 272 not only had the advantages of early sowing, early transplanting, early maturity and high yield which middle-season rice owned, but also had the features of low-node tillering, early seedling, multiple shoots and multiple panicles which also middle-season rice owned. Since 2008, middle-season rice＋ratooning rice has been cultured in Luxian and its integrated high-yield cultivation techniques have been popularized, its total extension area has been 4.47×10^4hm^2, the area of middle-season rice＋ratooning rice has been 3.06×10^4hm^2, and the yield of middle-season rice＋ratooning rice has been 14.656-16.308 t/hm^2.

湖南考古遗址炭化米胚的研究

普通野生稻向栽培稻的驯化过程中,水稻的萌发方式也从根系发芽转为种子发芽。研究幼苗最初生长的部位——胚的形态变化是了解水稻驯化过程必不可少的重要环节。本文在对现代米胚的形态研究基础上,将湖南考古遗址出土的炭化米与之进行对比研究,最终对不同时期炭化水稻的性质作出判断。从湖南距今8000年左右的八十垱遗址炭化米胚的特征分析可知,有60%以上胚的特征接近现代的栽培稻,说明其有可能已进入了有性繁殖阶段,并据此认为距今8000多年湖南水稻已经进入了人工栽培的阶段。