The types of operation play a key role in facilitating tourism consumption and economic development in a tourism destination. By adopting evolutionary economic geography theory, the paper analyzes the types of operati...The types of operation play a key role in facilitating tourism consumption and economic development in a tourism destination. By adopting evolutionary economic geography theory, the paper analyzes the types of operation in West Lake Scenic Area from 1978 to 2013. First, an evolution process consisting of four stages is underpinned, and they are: the new establishment stage, the preliminary development stage, the speedup development stage, and the stabilized maturity stage. Specifically, the distinct characteristics associated with operation types are compared and evaluated at different stages throughout the process. The evolution trees are introduced to scrutinize types of operation development. The results of evolution trees demonstrate the substantial increase in both numbers and types. Second, by applying GIS spatial analysis, the paper also analyzes the spatial evolution characteristics on the types of operation, and the results unveil the co-existence of centripetal and centrifugal forces: the processes of spatial agglomeration and spatial dispersion. More specifically, we recognize the spatial process includes the emergence of node and concentration(1978–1995), the sparse distribution and intensity reduction(1996–2002), the patchy distribution and spatial agglomeration intensification(2003–2008), the dispersed distribution and core area agglomeration(2009–2013). Lastly, path dependence on resource endowment, government and market innovation, knowledge learning and spillover can reasonably explain the types of operation evolution. In conclusion, the evolutionary economic geography theories provide new theoretical and empirical perspectives for tourism policy analysis. At the same time, our comprehensive evidences impart more comprehensive insights and offer useful managerial and policy implications.展开更多
With the development of the social economy, Chinese tourism will surely change from medium scale to massive scale. As people are more and more focusing on the inner values of life style, new types of tourist demands w...With the development of the social economy, Chinese tourism will surely change from medium scale to massive scale. As people are more and more focusing on the inner values of life style, new types of tourist demands will emerge at anytime, and the spatial structure of tourist demands will show new characteristics as well Until now there is few study on tourist demand, especially on its spatial pattern. Study on spatial characteristics of tourist demand will contribute to spatial optimization and adjustments of tourist flow and supply. So this article has put forward the spatial pattern of tourist demand in China and measures of spatial adjustments and grade system of the spatial adjustment of tourists demand.展开更多
Tourist attraction is a very important carrier of tourism activities. A-grade tourist attraction is a national standard of comprehensive evaluation about tourist attractions quality and grade in China. In this paper, ...Tourist attraction is a very important carrier of tourism activities. A-grade tourist attraction is a national standard of comprehensive evaluation about tourist attractions quality and grade in China. In this paper, spatial structure of 2424 national A-grade tourist attractions are investigated by using GIS and quantitative analysis methods, such as nearest neighbor index （NNI）, quadrat analysis, Gini coefifcient and hot spot clustering. Spatial accessibility of all A-grade tourist attractions was calculated using cost weighted distance method and ArcGIS software. Service range of each tourist attraction at 4A grade and above in China was delimitated based on the cost allocation method. Results show that China’s A-grade tourist attractions present aggregate distribution characteristics on the whole, and cultural attractions aggregate distribution is higher than of natural tourist attractions. Above-4A grade quality attractions aggregate distribution is lower than the Below-4A grade tourist attractions; cultural Above-4A grade are signiifcantly greater than the cultural Below-4A grade tourist attractions. A-grade tourist attractions in China’s eight districts are aggregate. The spatial distribution uniformity is low. Affected by the degree of economic development and tourism resources endowment, the service range of Above-4A grade attractions is big in West, smal in East, big in North, and smal in South. First-order hot spots areas were mainly concentrated in the east side of the line formed by Deqen-Alxa Left Banner. The second-order hot spot areas were composed of 11 regions, while the third-order hot spot areas include Beijing, Tianjin, Central Plains and the Yangtze River Delta.展开更多
Reducing carbon emissions and transitioning to a low-carbon economy are important propositions for human sustainability. Since it is closely related with high carbon emissions, international travel makes a substantial...Reducing carbon emissions and transitioning to a low-carbon economy are important propositions for human sustainability. Since it is closely related with high carbon emissions, international travel makes a substantial contribution to the global carbon emissions. To comprehensively explore the influence of international travel on carbon emissions and develop a sustainable development plan, this paper studies the temporal and spatial distribution and evolution of the carbon footprint of inbound tourism in China’s 30 provinces between 2007 and 2017. In this study, comprehensive calculations and spatial models are adopted to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics. The results show that the carbon footprint of inbound tourism in China has been increasing continuously from 2007 to 2017. While the carbon footprint increased by 1.94-fold, from 5.623 million tons to 10.8809 million tons, it presented obvious fluctuations by initially increasing rapidly and then dropping slightly. From the perspective of the contributions of various tourism components on the carbon footprint, transportation and post and telecommunications account for the largest proportions. In the past ten years, the variations in the carbon footprint of inbound tourism in most provinces and cities in China were not very extreme, but maintained a relatively stable state. In the spatial dimension, the carbon footprint of China’s inbound tourism tends to decrease from the southeast to the northwest. The highest coefficient of variation is in Ningxia and the lowest is in Liaoning. Based on these results, recommendations are put forward for sustainable development plans in some major cities and provinces for the future.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41230631,41471130)
文摘The types of operation play a key role in facilitating tourism consumption and economic development in a tourism destination. By adopting evolutionary economic geography theory, the paper analyzes the types of operation in West Lake Scenic Area from 1978 to 2013. First, an evolution process consisting of four stages is underpinned, and they are: the new establishment stage, the preliminary development stage, the speedup development stage, and the stabilized maturity stage. Specifically, the distinct characteristics associated with operation types are compared and evaluated at different stages throughout the process. The evolution trees are introduced to scrutinize types of operation development. The results of evolution trees demonstrate the substantial increase in both numbers and types. Second, by applying GIS spatial analysis, the paper also analyzes the spatial evolution characteristics on the types of operation, and the results unveil the co-existence of centripetal and centrifugal forces: the processes of spatial agglomeration and spatial dispersion. More specifically, we recognize the spatial process includes the emergence of node and concentration(1978–1995), the sparse distribution and intensity reduction(1996–2002), the patchy distribution and spatial agglomeration intensification(2003–2008), the dispersed distribution and core area agglomeration(2009–2013). Lastly, path dependence on resource endowment, government and market innovation, knowledge learning and spillover can reasonably explain the types of operation evolution. In conclusion, the evolutionary economic geography theories provide new theoretical and empirical perspectives for tourism policy analysis. At the same time, our comprehensive evidences impart more comprehensive insights and offer useful managerial and policy implications.
文摘With the development of the social economy, Chinese tourism will surely change from medium scale to massive scale. As people are more and more focusing on the inner values of life style, new types of tourist demands will emerge at anytime, and the spatial structure of tourist demands will show new characteristics as well Until now there is few study on tourist demand, especially on its spatial pattern. Study on spatial characteristics of tourist demand will contribute to spatial optimization and adjustments of tourist flow and supply. So this article has put forward the spatial pattern of tourist demand in China and measures of spatial adjustments and grade system of the spatial adjustment of tourists demand.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41061017,41361040)
文摘Tourist attraction is a very important carrier of tourism activities. A-grade tourist attraction is a national standard of comprehensive evaluation about tourist attractions quality and grade in China. In this paper, spatial structure of 2424 national A-grade tourist attractions are investigated by using GIS and quantitative analysis methods, such as nearest neighbor index （NNI）, quadrat analysis, Gini coefifcient and hot spot clustering. Spatial accessibility of all A-grade tourist attractions was calculated using cost weighted distance method and ArcGIS software. Service range of each tourist attraction at 4A grade and above in China was delimitated based on the cost allocation method. Results show that China’s A-grade tourist attractions present aggregate distribution characteristics on the whole, and cultural attractions aggregate distribution is higher than of natural tourist attractions. Above-4A grade quality attractions aggregate distribution is lower than the Below-4A grade tourist attractions; cultural Above-4A grade are signiifcantly greater than the cultural Below-4A grade tourist attractions. A-grade tourist attractions in China’s eight districts are aggregate. The spatial distribution uniformity is low. Affected by the degree of economic development and tourism resources endowment, the service range of Above-4A grade attractions is big in West, smal in East, big in North, and smal in South. First-order hot spots areas were mainly concentrated in the east side of the line formed by Deqen-Alxa Left Banner. The second-order hot spot areas were composed of 11 regions, while the third-order hot spot areas include Beijing, Tianjin, Central Plains and the Yangtze River Delta.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (42001155, 41571139)。
文摘Reducing carbon emissions and transitioning to a low-carbon economy are important propositions for human sustainability. Since it is closely related with high carbon emissions, international travel makes a substantial contribution to the global carbon emissions. To comprehensively explore the influence of international travel on carbon emissions and develop a sustainable development plan, this paper studies the temporal and spatial distribution and evolution of the carbon footprint of inbound tourism in China’s 30 provinces between 2007 and 2017. In this study, comprehensive calculations and spatial models are adopted to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics. The results show that the carbon footprint of inbound tourism in China has been increasing continuously from 2007 to 2017. While the carbon footprint increased by 1.94-fold, from 5.623 million tons to 10.8809 million tons, it presented obvious fluctuations by initially increasing rapidly and then dropping slightly. From the perspective of the contributions of various tourism components on the carbon footprint, transportation and post and telecommunications account for the largest proportions. In the past ten years, the variations in the carbon footprint of inbound tourism in most provinces and cities in China were not very extreme, but maintained a relatively stable state. In the spatial dimension, the carbon footprint of China’s inbound tourism tends to decrease from the southeast to the northwest. The highest coefficient of variation is in Ningxia and the lowest is in Liaoning. Based on these results, recommendations are put forward for sustainable development plans in some major cities and provinces for the future.
