我国优秀赛艇运动员划桨技术运动生物力学分析

采用赛艇运动生物力学测试系统对我国赛艇队63名运动员进行划桨技术测试与诊断评价。研究表明,1)赛艇划桨技术运动生物力学分析应当包括个体分析、整体分析、多人艇的配合分析3个方面。个体分析主要是对单个桨手划桨技术的诊断与分析;整体分析用于了解艇的运动状况和桨手组合做功情况;多人艇的配合分析是指桨手间拉桨技术的一致性分析。2)递增桨频测试可以了解到桨手在不同桨频下划桨技术的稳定性,找出整条艇或个人划桨技术不稳定的桨频临界值,反馈给教练员进行有针对性的训练提高。3)目前,国家赛艇队存在的拉桨用力模式较多,拉桨技术错误类型较多。前用力模式较为合理,也认同后发力的重要性。在多人艇桨手用力模式组合方面,双桨可采用前用力、后用力搭配组合,单桨建议采用前用力组合。4)国家赛艇队普遍存在入水过深、出水打滑等问题。入水过深与入水前的扬桨有关,也可能与桨架高度有关。出水打滑是由入水过深、出水后的空划引起的。

FLIGHT CONFLICT DETECTION AND RESOLUTION

The air traffic control (ATC) systems are facing more and more serious congestive because of the increasing of air traffic flow in China. One of the most available ways to solve the problem is 'free flight' that the pilots may choose the air route and flight speed suitable for them. But this will lead to the difficulties for the controllers. This paper presents how ATC genetic algorithms can be used to detect and to solve air traffic control conflicts in free flight. And it also shows that this algorithm perfectly suits for solving flight conflicts resolution because of its short computing time.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION WITH DIRECT METHOD

The principle of direct method used in optimal control problem is introduced. Details of applying this method to flight trajectory generation are presented including calculation of velocity and controls histories. And capabilities of flight and propulsion systems are considered also. Combined with digital terrain map technique, the direct method is applied to the three dimensional trajectory optimization for low altitude penetration, and simplex algorithm is used to solve the parameters in optimization. For the small number of parameters, the trajectory can be optimized in real time on board.

A Reduced-Order Modeling of Multi-Port RC Networks by Means of Graph Partitioning

A modified reduced-order method for RC networks which takes a division-and-conquest strategy is presented.The whole network is partitioned into a set of sub-networks at first,then each of them is reduced by Krylov subspace techniques,and finally all the reduced sub-networks are incorporated together.With some accuracy,this method can reduce the number of both nodes and components of the circuit comparing to the traditional methods which usually only offer a reduced net with less nodes.This can markedly accelerate the sparse-matrix-based simulators whose performance is dominated by the entity of the matrix or the number of components of the circuits.

Spatial Planning and Designing for Campuses in the New Era

Current education system reform poses unprecedented opportunities for higher schools. The research proposed components and organization types for uni- versity/college spatial configuration based on campus spaces at home and abroad. In the background of sustainable design, the research took urban space design as references in order to explore effects of higher education theory on campus space design, analyze campus development trend and spatial configuration, as well as pro- vide references for massive urban university/college projects＂ construction and re-de- velopment.

OPTIMIZATION OF AIRPORT TAXIING PLANNING DURING CONGESTED HOURS BASED ON IMMUNE CLONAL SELECTION ALGORITHM

In order to ease congestion and ground delays in major hub airports, an aircraft taxiing scheduling optimization model is proposed with schedule time as the object function. In the new model, the idea of a classical job shop-schedule problem is adopted and three types of special aircraft-taxi conflicts are considered in the constraints. To solve such nondeterministic polynomial time-complex problems, the immune clonal selection algorithm（ICSA） is introduced. The simulation results in a congested hour of Beijing Capital International Airport show that, compared with the first-come-first-served（FCFS） strategy, the optimization-planning strategy reduces the total scheduling time by 13.6 min and the taxiing time per aircraft by 45.3 s, which improves the capacity of the runway and the efficiency of airport operations.

Discussion on Planning of Overall Urban Agriculture Park

The urban agriculture park plan involves urban plan, agricultural plan, eco- logical plan, tourism plan and land plan, which can be further divided into strategic plan, general plan and detail plan to explore related issues. With social develop- ment, urban agricultural park is playing an increasingly important role in promoting agricultural and rural development, protecting nearby area farmlands and maintaining sustainable development, as well as an important part of government research. Based on status quo of urban agricultural park in China, basic characters were summarized and frameworks of urban agricultural park with Chinese characteristics were proposed, including early-stage research, prospect exploration, spatial planning, industry planning and guarantees, of which spatial planning and industry planning are highlights.

我愿

夜空划过的流星不惜生命搏一瞬辉煌;

Positioning planning of high-intensity-focused ultrasound surgery platform using Bezier curve

A positioning volume ellipsoid method is proposed to represent tumor volume in the workspace of a high-intensity-focused ultrasound (HIFU) surgery platform during the platform's positioning motion. To this simplified tumor model, a nearest neighbor search method is used to determine intermediate configuration and goal configuration, which the treatment head and ultrasound focus must pass in their localization to target volume. Based on the decided configurations, the continuity condition of combined Bezier curve in Euclidean space and De Casteljau algorithm on Lie group SO(3) are integrated to construct a combined Bezier positioning path of C2 continuity at junctional configuration, and an illustration of different positioning path planning is analyzed based on a liver tumor case.

Waterfront Spatial Design from the Perspective of Sponge City

Due to environmental awareness, demand for watercourse landscape eco- function is growing domestically. However, flood control and drainage are the only focuses, and the rest functions of water course are slighted. Besides, cross-section biodiversity is falling and wetland self-cleaning capacity is impairing, resulting from river limitation on riverbed, making a straight river bend and revetment. So, water course has to be managed from ecology, economy, culture and social effect, to re- store natural river function and meet human demands. And to return to nature and people first would be the general principles.

FARMLAND AND URBAN AREA DYNAMICS MONITORING INCHINA USING REMOTE SENSING AND SPATIALSTATISTICS METHODOLOGY

With the need in the global change research project for the land -use/land-cover change information, most international and regional research organization or groups have put amounts of efforts to improve of the dynamics monitoring and database updating techniques. With the pressure on nature environment from increasing population and decreasing farmland be- coming significant more and more in China, the farmland urban dynamics in historical and current times, even the change trends in the future, should be monitored and analyzed serving for regional and national social, economic and environmental sustain- able development in the long future. Based on spatial and temporal series of land -use/land-cover database resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences designed a sampling framework for monitoring farmland and urban area dynamics in regional and national level. In order to test the accuracy of the sampling schema for national and regional level, we took two provinces area into overall covered change detecting process with TM images data through being inter’Preted by digitalization on the screen. The result shows that our stratified random sampling schema is suitable for monitoring land -use/land-cover change at national and regional level with quick response, high accuracy and low expenses. The land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) information can update the LUTEA database for global change research during certain period so that the forecasting process and evaluating analysis on land resources and environment under human and natural driving force will get essential data and produce valuable conclusions.

MEASUREMENT OF AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AT COUNTY LEVEL IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

Agglomeration economies are the important factors for the regional development. However, the common indicators to measure them, such as Gini Coefficients neglect the spatial ingredient of data, leading to a-spatial estimates. In order to assess spatial neighbor effects of agglomeration economies, this study makes the new attempts by applying a series of techniques of spatial autocorrelation analysis, specifically, measuring the economies of urbanization and localization at the county level in the secondary and tertiary industries of Jiangsu Province in 1999 and 2002. The conclusions in this study reveal that on the whole, the localization effects on the economies of the secondary industry might be stronger than urbanization effects for that period, and highly agglomerative economies were limited within the southern Jiangsu and parts of middle along the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Moreover, the tertiary industry has been strong urbanization rather than localization economies in the whole Jiangsu. Unlike the secondary industry, the tertiary industry held the high levels of agglomeration economies can be also found in the poor northern Jiangsu, and then the spatial clusters of trade and services might be basically seen in each of urban districts in 13 cities. All in all, spatial autocorrelation analysis is a better method to test agglomeration economies.

A Bilevel Programming Approach for Optimization of Airport Ground Movement

This paper proposes an optimization model for the airport ground movement problem(GMP)based on bilevel programming to address taxi conflicts on the airport ground and to improve the operating safety and efficiency.To solve GMP,an iterative heuristic algorithm is designed.Instead of separately investigating each problem,this model simultaneously coordinates and optimizes the aircraft routing and scheduling.A simulation test is conducted on Nanjing Lukou International Airport(NKG)and the results show that the bilevel programming model can clearly outperform the widely used first-come-first-service(FCFS)scheduling scheme in terms of aircraft operational time under the precondition of none conflict.The research effort demonstrates that with the reduced operating cost and the improved overall efficiency,the proposed model can assist operations of the airports that are facing increasing traffic demand and working at almost maximum capacity.

Concave Minimization for Sparse Solutions of Absolute Value Equations

Based on concave function, the problem of finding the sparse solution of absolute value equations is relaxed to a concave programming, and its corresponding algorithm is proposed, whose main part is solving a series of linear programming. It is proved that a sparse solution can be found under the assumption that the connected matrixes have range space property(RSP). Numerical experiments are also conducted to verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Gully Erosion Regionalization of Black Soil Area in Northeastern China

Gully erosion is the frequent and main form of soil erosion in the black soil area of the northeastern China, which is one of the most important commodity grain production bases in China. It is encroaching upon the fertile farmland there. Regionalization of gully erosion can reveal the spatial distribution and regularity of the development of gully erosion. Based on the eco-geographical regional background features of the black soil area, this study combined the regionalization with influencing factors of the development of gully erosion. GIS spatial analysis, geostatistical analysis, spatial statistics, reclassification, debris polygon processing and map algebra methods were employed. As a result, the black soil area was divided into 12 subregions. The field survey data on type, length, volume and other characteristics indicators of gully erosion were used to calibrate the results. Then the features of every subregion, such as where the gully erosion is, how serious it is, and why it happens and develops, were expounded. The result is not only an essential prerequisite for gully erosion surveys and monitoring, but also an important basis for gully erosion prevention.

Timeline based autonomous mission planning system for deep space exploration

In order to realize the explorer autonomy, the software architecture of autonomous mission management system (AMMS) is given for the deep space explorer, and the autonomous mission planning system, the kernel part of this architecture, is designed in detail. In order to describe the parallel activity, the state timeline is introduced to build the formal model of the planning system and based on this model, the temporal constraint satisfaction planning algorithm is proposed to produce the explorer’s activity sequence. With some key subsystems of the deep space explorer as examples, the autonomous mission planning simulation system is designed. The results show that this system can calculate the executable activity sequence with the given mission goals and initial state of the explorer.

THE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM RESOURCES IN JILIN PROVINCE

This paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the tourism resources in Jilin Province, China. And it consists of three parts. The first two parts are on the resources evaluation and analysis. Based on the results of evaluation about the structural and spatial distribution of the tourism resources, it is found that, the natural resources play fundamental roles in Jilin, while the human and cultural resources are important complementary parts as well. In the spatial distribution analysis, the resources show the characteristic of "six clusters"and "three belts"spatial relations. Four clusters are centered on the cities, which are Changchun, Jilin, Baicheng, Tonghua and Ji′an; one cluster is around the Changbai Moutains and one cluster nears the frontier at Tumen between China, Russia and P.D. R. Korea. And the three belts are: 1) The west belt. It contains Xianghai and Momoge natural protection region. The evident of this zone is its ecological and ethical tourism resources. 2)The middle belt characterized by urban traveling and recreation, including Jilin and Changchun, together with their nearby Nong′an and Siping. 3) The last belt is also the most important one, which is the east zone. It covers the Changbai Mountains, the golden triangles of Tonghua and the Tumen River. This zone is remarkable for its abundant natural landscapes and unique folk customs. In the last part the concept planning is briefly constructed for the tourism resources in Jilin Province according to the above evaluation and analysis.

Field Modeling Method for Identifying Urban Sphere of Influence:A Case Study on Central China

With rapid development of urbanization and regional interaction and interdependence, regional urban agglomeration planning becomes more and more important in China, in order to promote integrated development of various cities with close interrelationship. However, it is still arguable academically on how to define the boundary or which cities to be included for the urban agglomeration of a region. This paper aims to shed lights on how to identify urban spheres of influence scientifically by introducing field modeling method and by practicing a case study on 168 cities in Central China. In our field modeling method, the influence intensities of cities were measured by a compre-ensive index and urban spheres of influence were represented spatially by field intensity. Then, their classification and spatial distribution characteristics of study area in 2007 were identified and explored by using GIS and statistical methods. The result showed that： 1） Wuhan is the absolute dominant city in Central China; 2） the provincial capital cities dominate their own provinces and there are no other lower grade agglomeration centers; and 3） the basic types of organization form of urban sphere of influence are single-polar type, agglomeration type, close-related group type and loose-related group type.

Overcome Gentrification： New Dutch Urban Paradigms

The study is related to the city of Rotterdam, investigated in relation to the spatial changes caused by the massive immigration that took place since the 1940s and of which contemporary spatial planning is taking place. The urban regeneration program, promoted by the Municipality of Rotterdam, provided for the reconnection of the district to the urban dynamics of the city and the improvement of public spaces and private accommodation to encourage a process of social gentrification. The social challenges that characterize contemporary cities, especially caused by the violent immigration, have defined a new urban paradigm and new forms of collaboration; as urban planners, we must continue to promote the formation of inclusive, multi-faceted and multitasking cities that are able to capture the diversity of sociality that inhabits the strategic character that makes them different and unique and to experiment welfare and social governance models that allow the shared experience within the urban analyzed contexts; only by making the immigrants protagonists of sociality and of urban civilization can we build stainless cities that resist to climate change and above all to social changes.