减压水池半浸桨空化水动力性能试验技术研究

本文介绍了对两个不同剖面形状的库存桨进行常压情况下 ,四次重复性试验及经激光传输系统试验和改变不同浸深比试验的情况。减压情况下 ,通过既改变空泡数又改变浸深比的多方案螺旋桨水动力性能试验来建立和完善半浸桨空化性能试验技术。试验研究证明 ,减压拖曳水池及其测力系统 ,信号传输系统和减压设备是能够完成普通桨和半浸桨空化与非空化水动力性能的敞水试验。

有机废水水动力空化降解研究综述

水动力空化降解技术是一种很有前景的有机废水处理技术.文中综述了近年来国内外学者在水动力空化降解理论和实际应用方面的研究进展,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.首先对水动力空化形成的原因、空化效应、空泡溃灭影响因素及水动力空化降解的机理方面进行了总结和评述:水动力空化降解机理可分为“水相燃烧”反应机理、自由基反应和机械作用.水动力空化降解的实质是利用水动力空化效应来处理有机废水,空泡溃灭又是产生空化效应的原因.其次是对水动力空化降解的实际应用从水动力空化装置和水动力空化降解工艺2方面进行了介绍:文丘里管和孔板是2种最常见的水动力空化装置;水动力空化降解、化学剂及催化剂的联合工艺,水动力与声空化联合工艺及多种方式联合工艺对有机废水都有较好效果,但没有普适性.最后,探讨了目前研究中存在的问题并对空化降解技术的未来进行了展望,为进一步有效利用水动力空化技术提供参考.

Numerical simulation on turbulent flow field in convergentdiveroent nozzle

Because of the complication of turbulence＇s mechanism and law as well as the jet pressure in nozzle is difficult to test by experiment, five turbulent models were applied to numerically simulate the turbulent flow field in convergent-divergent nozzle. Theory analysis and experiment results of mass flow rates conclude that the RNG k-ε model is the most suitable model. The pressure distribution in the convergent-divergent nozzle was revealed by computational fluid dynamic （CFD） simulating on the turbulent flow field under different pressure conditions. The growing conditions of cavitation bubbles were shown; meanwhile, the phenomena in the experiment could be explained. The differential pres- sure between the upstream and downstream in nozzle throat section can improve the cavitating effect of cavitation water jet.

Kinetics of Wet Air Oxidation of Wastewater from Natural Fiber Web Desizing

This work described the application of wet air oxidation (WAO) to the treatment of desizing wastewater from natural fiber processing. A two-liter autoclave batch reactor was used for the experiments. The range of operating temperature examined was between 150 and 290℃, and partial pressure of oxygen ranged from 0.375 to 2.25 MPa standardized at 25℃. Variations in Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) and Total Organic Carbon(TOC) were monitored during each experiment and used to assess the performance of the process. Experimental results showed that WAO can be an efficient method for the treatment of desizing wastewater. Furthermore, Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) was applied to reduce the reaction temperature and pressure in WAO process. A higher COD removal ratio was achieved under more mild reaction condition with the aid of CWAO. A mathematical model was also proposed to simulate the WAO process of desizing wastewater, in which three distinct kinetics steps were considered to describe the degradation of starch. The model simulations were in well agreement with the experimental data.

Comparison of mechanical and column flotation performances on recovery of phosphate slimes in presence of nano-microbubbles

Fine particle flotation has been one of the main problems in many mineral processing plants.The bubble particle collision rate is very low for fine particles,which reduces flotation efficiency.Also,the existence of slimes is,generally,detrimental to the flotation process,affecting the selectivity and the quality of the concentrates.Besides,it causes an increase in reagents consumption.Hence,in most of processing plants,some of these particles are transmitted to the tailing ponds to reduce the effects of these problems and increase the selectivity of the process.Esfordi phosphate plant in Iran loses more than 30%of its capacity as particles with d 80 finer than 30μm.These fine particles with 15.9%P_(2)O_(5)content are transferred to tailing dam.Processing of fine particles is very important for phosphate industry from economic and environmental aspects.This study addressed the processing of fine tailings(slimes)from a phosphate ore concentrator via flotation,despite the traditional view that ultrafine particles do not float.Phosphate flotation performances in the presence and absence of nanobubbles(NBs)in both mechanical and column cells were compared according to the metallurgical results of the process.NBs(generated by hydrodynamic cavitation)have interesting and exclusive properties such as high stability,durability and high surface area per volume,leading to increase of their utilization in mining-metallurgy and environmental areas.The results of this study revealed that,in the absence of NBs,a concentrate containing 26.9%P_(2)O_(5)with a recovery of 29.13%was obtained using mechanical cells in comparison to 31.6%P_(2)O_(5)with a recovery of 32.74%obtained using column flotation.In the presence of NBs,the recoveries of the concentrate of the mechanical and column flotation increased to 40.49%and 41.26%with 28.47%and 30.43%P_(2)O_(5)contents,respectively.Comparative study showed that the column flotation was almost more efficient for processing the phosphate ore in the presence of the NBs,and had thicker froth layer compared to the mechanical flotation.

Cavitation shedding dynamics around a hydrofoil simulated using a filter-based density corrected model

The unsteady turbulent cloud cavitation around a NACA66 hydrofoil was simulated using the filter-based density corrected model(FBDCM). The cloud cavitation was treated as a homogeneous liquid-vapor mixture and the effects of turbulent eddy viscosity were reduced in cavitation regions near the hydrofoil and in the wake. The numerical results(in terms of the vapor shedding structure and transient pressure pulsation due to cavitation evolution) agree well with the available experimental data, showing the validity of the FBDCM method. Furthermore, the interaction of vortex and cavitation was analyzed based on the vorticity transport equation, revealing that the cavitation evolution has a strong connection with vortex dynamics. A detailed analysis shows that the cavitation could promote the vortex production and flow unsteadiness by the dilatation and baroclinic torque terms in the vorticity transport equation.