“空印”陶瓷包装设计中空灵意境的传达

空灵意境是中国传统艺术审美的最高追求之一,本文以中国传统美学思想——空灵意境为依托,以"空印"陶瓷包装为载体进行设计实践,探究陶瓷包装设计中对空灵意境的融入与应用,提升景德镇陶瓷包装设计的文化品位,促进陶瓷文化的交流发展。

论明初空印文书之重

明朝初年发生的空印案牵连数百人,死罪者甚众。这薄薄的一纸空印文书,拾起来却是沉重万分。空印文书之重有三,一来这些空印文书反映的是明朝地方赋税情况,关乎国家财政大计,本身意义就极为重要;二来被牵扯入空印案的官吏,上至中央户部官员,下至地方佐贰,层次不一,凡涉案官吏均受到严厉惩处,见其所受刑罚之重;三来空印案对明代文书用印制度的完善、官吏的严酷管理、政治制度的改革都有着深远的影响,其实质是明代中央集权的进一步强化,意义不可谓不重。

读《明史·循吏·方克勤传》——兼考明初空印案发生年代

古人撰史,秉笔直书者有之,隐恶溢美者亦有之。《明史·循史·方克勤传》便是典型的隐恶溢美的范例。这或者不是作者本意。是什么原因造成这种失实情况的呢?值得作一番详细的考察。《方克勤传》与两个人有绝大的关系。

由明朝“空印案”所想到的

明初,公文制度极不健全,各种作弊现象十分严重,且无法可依,难以依法惩处。作弊最通常的手法是滞文,以各种借口拖延审批,以图从中取利。作弊另一严重问题是普遍伪造公文。洪武十五年,朱元璋发现上京接受考察的官吏绝大多数都身带各类已经加盖公章的空白公文,遇上级驳查,立即改填重报。为此,朱元璋大怒,认为这是极其严重的欺诈行为,并处死了一批持此类公文的官员,是为著名的“空印案”。洪武三十年。

“空印”陶瓷包装设计说

本次论文设计主要以"空印"陶瓷为主题,做一系列的陶瓷包装及与包装有关的设计,运用设计的构成原理,体现"简约"的设计理念,形成独具的原创风格。

关于“空印案”时间

明洪武年间,大案迭起。其中较早的一宗就是“空印案”。今之论者以《明史·刑法志》的记载为据,认为此案发作于洪武十五年。这是不正确的。首先,《国榷》卷六洪武九年闰九月丙午怀庆知府林方徵上言曰:“……又去年诸行省官吏悉坐空印被罪,而河南参政安然,山东参政朱芾反得升擢,朝廷赏罚有失明信,何示劝惩?”可见,此案实发生于洪武八年。其次,济宁知府方克勤是“空印案”的涉及者。他的儿子方孝孺写的《先府君行状》载,方克勤“(洪武)八年……得罪,谪口浦。

明初空印案发生年代考

空印案是明太祖朱元璋惩治贪污、专杀立威的一个重大案件,它牵连很广,被杀者达数百人,受杖戍边者又数千人。但《明太祖实录》和《明史·太祖纪》对此均无只字言及。它究竟发生在哪一年,后来的一些史学家说法不一。吴晗的《朱元璋传》主洪武十五年(一三八二年)说,孟森的《明清史讲义》及李光璧的《明朝史略》却持洪武九年(一三七六年)说,哪一种说法正确呢? 洪武十五年说,本自《明史》卷九四《刑法志二》:"先是十五年空印事发……"",言似有据。但《明史》卷一三九《郑士利传附方微传》又记方徵在怀庆知府任上曾上书为空印案诉冤,因而被贬为沁阳驿丞,后在洪武十三年"以事逮至京,卒。"可见此案的发生年代当在洪武十三年之前,十五年之说实误。

Direct Synthesis of Monodisperse Hollow Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based on Unfunctionalized SiO2 for the Recognition of Bisphenol A

A novel and effective approach was developed to synthesize monodisperse hollow molecularly imprinted polymers （MHMIPs） with unfunctionalized SiO2 spheres in a mixture of toluene and CH3CN. The factors that affected the synthesis of MHMIPs were systematically investigated. It was determined that a suitable ratio of toluene to CH3CN and the use of a functional monomer that can generate double H-bonding interactions were the critical factors to obtain MHMIPs with high uniformity and rnonodispersion. The obtained MHMIPs exhibited a fast adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity （270 μmol/g） for bisphenol A. As the shell thickness increased from 90 nm to 130 nm, the binding capacity of the imprinted shells decreased gradually. The relative selectivity coefficients of MHMIPs for tetra-brornobisphenol A （TBBPA）, phenol and p-tert-butylphenol （PTBP） were calculated as 1.53, 1.83 and 1.90, respectively. These findings indicate that MHMIPs have good adsorption performances and suggest applications in the selective removal or sensitive analysis of bisphenol A.

Temporal Variations in Carbon Stock of Pinus roxburghii Sargent Forests of Himachal Pradesh,India

The present study was conducted in Solan Forest Division of Himachal Pradesh covering an area of about 57,158 ha. The aim was to estimate and assess the temporal change in carbon stock of the Chil Working Circle, in two forest ranges of the Division, Solan and Dharampur, over the period of 1956-2011. The inventory data of the working plans of Solan Forest Division from 1956-1957, 1984-1985 and 2002-2003 were used in the present study while field data for biomass estimation was collected for the year 2011.The results showed a declining trend in carbon stock over 1956-1984 period, however, an increasing trend over 1984-2002 was observed, which showed a further increase for the period 2002-2011. These fluctuating trends in the forest carbon stock can be related to increasing anthropogenic pressure on forests and the subsequent introduction of a ban on green felling envisaging efficient forest management, both of which affect the forest carbon pool significantly.

Spatial Variability of Mass Movements in the Satluj Valley,Himachal Pradesh during 1990～2006

Satluj Valley is known to have a history of landslides and related mass movement activities since the geological times. Geological and geomorphological settings combined with anthropogenic activities constitute a propensity towards slope failure. During the last two decades,the area witnessed substantial increase in athropogenic pressure,mainly due to the exploitation of hydropower potential,changing landuse pattern and population growth. In addition,a shift of the climatic patterns in the form of larger area falling under the influence of rains was observed. These natural as well as anthropogenic changes in the area have resulted in increased spatial coverage of landslide in the area. This paper documents these changes during 1990～2006.

Comparisons of the temperature and humidity profiles of reanalysis products with shipboard GPS sounding measurements obtained during the 2018 Eastern Indian Ocean Open Cruise

It is important to be able to characterize the thermal conditions over the equatorial Indian Ocean for both weather forecasting and climate prediction. This study compared the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean (EEIO) temperature and relative humidity profiles from three reanalysis products (JRA-55, MERRA2, and FGOALS-f2) with shipboard global positioning system (GPS) sounding measurements obtained during the Eastern Indian Ocean Open Cruise in spring 2018. The FGOALS-f2 reanalysis product is based on the initialization module of a sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction system with a nudging-based data assimilation method. The results indicated that:(1) both JRA-55 and MERRA2 were reliable in characterizing the temperature profile from 850 to 600 hPa, with a maximum deviation of about <0.5℃. Both datasets showed a large negative deviation below 825 hPa, with a maximum bias of about 2℃ at 1000 hPa and 1.5℃ at 900 hPa, respectively.(2) JRA-55 showed good performance in characterizing the relative humidity profile above 850 hPa, with a maximum deviation of < 8%, while it showed much wetter conditions below 850 hPa. MERRA2 overestimated the relative humidity in the middle to lower troposphere, with a maximum deviation of about 15% at 925 hPa.(3) The FGOALS-f2 reanalysis product more accurately reproduced the temperature profile in the marine atmospheric boundary layer over the EEIO than that in JRA-55 and MERRA2, but showed much wetter conditions than the GPS sounding observations, with a maximum deviation of up to 20% at 600 hPa. Future applications of GPS sounding datasets are discussed.

Digital Watermark-based Security Technology for Geo-spatial Graphics Data

The paper presents a set of techniques of digital watermarking by which copyright and user rights messages are hidden into geo-spatial graphics data,as well as techniques of compressing and encrypting the watermarked geo-spatial graphics data.The technology aims at tracing and resisting the illegal distribution and duplication of the geo-spatial graphics data product,so as to effectively protect the data producer＇s rights as well as to facilitate the secure sharing of geo-spatial graphics data.So far in the CIS field throughout the world,few researches have been made on digital watermarking.The research is a novel exploration both in the field of security management of geo-spatial graphics data and in the applications of digital watermarking technique.An application software employing the proposed technology has been developed.A number of experimental tests on the 1：500,000 digital bathymetric chart of the South China Sea and 1：10,000 digital topographic map of Jiangsu Province have been conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed technology.

Space-Time Characteristic Analysis of Wind Field over the South Indian Ocean

According to the ship observation data over the South Indian Ocean during 1950 1995, taking 1°× 1° and 5°× 5°grid, the characteristics and variation rule of wind are analyzed. Through analyzing the chart of isopleths of the monthly elements, the conclusion that the seasonal variation of the wind field over the South Indian Ocean is less remarkable than that in the oceans of the Northern Hemisphere is got. The seasonal variation of the wind field is also obvious in this region, but the seasonal difference is little. The wind in winter is stronger than in summer, correspondingly, the average wind speed is higher, and the frequencies of gale of forces ≥ 6 and 8 are also higher. The north of 10°S is a monsoon area; Southeast wind prevails all over the year in the rest of the trade wind area; Westerly wind dominates in the south of 40°S. This paper provides specific data of wind field and variation for ship ocean transportation, ocean-going visits and scientific experiment.

Color control of the multi-color printing device

Conventional color-printing systems often use inks of three hues, such as CMY, CMYK and CMYKLcLm, but in order to obtain more realistic color reproductions, the ink set of more than three hues has been adopted by some color-printing systems. It is difficult, however, to model the composed color with the multiple inks when the number of the output ink hues exceeds three due to the none-unique mapping between the color spaces of the CIE Lab and the multi-color printing device. In this paper, we propose a fine color-printing method for multi-color printing device with the ink set of more than three hues. The proposed approach has good color expression ability and provides fine control of the printed color. By dividing the output color space into several subspaces, our method allows one-to-one mapping between the standard color space and the multi-color output color space. It has been proved effective when applied to the digital inkjet printer—Mutoh8000.

Generalized Variational Inequalities and Wiener-Hopf Equations in Hilbert Spaces

In this paper,we consider the solvability of generalized variational inequalities involving multi-valued relaxed monotone operators in the framework of Hilbert spaces.Our results mainly improve the corresponding results announced by Verma[R U Verma,Generalized variational inequalities involving multivalued relaxed monotone operators,Appl Math Lett,1997,10：107-109]and many others.

3D parallel inversion of time-domain airborne EM data

To improve the inversion accuracy of time-domain airborne electromagnetic data, we propose a parallel 3D inversion algorithm for airborne EM data based on the direct Gauss-Newton optimization. Forward modeling is performed in the frequency domain based on the scattered secondary electrical field. Then, the inverse Fourier transform and convolution of the transmitting waveform are used to calculate the EM responses and the sensitivity matrix in the time domain for arbitrary transmitting waves. To optimize the computational time and memory requirements, we use the EM ＂footprint＂ concept to reduce the model size and obtain the sparse sensitivity matrix. To improve the 3D inversion, we use the OpenMP library and parallel computing. We test the proposed 3D parallel inversion code using two synthetic datasets and a field dataset. The time-domain airborne EM inversion results suggest that the proposed algorithm is effective, efficient, and practical.

Microscopic Halftone Image Segmentation

Microscopic halftone image recognition and analysis can provide quantitative evidence for printing quality control and fault diagnosis of printing devices, while halftone image segmentation is one of the significant steps during the procedure. Automatic segmentation on microscopic dots by the aid of the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) method that takes account of the fuzziness of halftone image and utilizes its color information adequately is realized. Then some examples show the technique effective and simple with better performance of noise immunity than some usual methods. In addition, the segmentation results obtained by the FCM in different color spaces are compared, which indicates that the method using the FCM in the f 1f 2f 3 color space is superior to the rest.

Pyrolysis kinetics and TG-FTIR analysis of waste epoxy printed circuit boards

Thermal decomposition of waste epoxy PCBs was performed in different atmospheres （nitrogen, argon, air and vacuum） at a heating rate of 10 ℃/rain by DSC-TGA, and the pyrolysis characteristic was analyzed. The gases volatilized from the experiment were qualitatively analyzed by TG-FTIR. Kinetics study shows that pyrolysis reaction takes place between 300 and 400℃, and the activation energies are 256, 212 and 186.2 kJ/mol in nitrogen, argon and vacuum, respectively. There are two mass-loss processes in the decomposition under air atmosphere. In the first mass-loss process, the decomposition is the main reaction, and in the second process, the oxidation is the main reaction. The activation energy of the second mass-loss process is 99.6 kJ/mol by isothermal heat-treatments. TG-FTIR analysis shows carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen bromide, phenol and substituent phenol are given off during the pyrolysis of waste epoxy PCBs.

Correlation between Ozone and Total VOCs in Printing Environment

In this study, indoor air quality （IAQ） assessments were carried out in a screen printing facility. The air sampling was conducted in press department, including two different types of screen printing machines： semi-automatic and automatic. Air samples were collected and analyzed in situ for 4 times, once per 2 hours, during working time of 8 hours. Analysis of the experimental data showed that ambient ozone concentrations slowly increases with the increasing of TVOCs concentration and intensive use of UV lamps during automatic screen printing process. Therefore, the detected concentration levels of ozone and VOCs were compared with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration （OSHA） and Serbian Regulation. Comparison of the two mentioned standard regulations, the ozone concentrations in indoor printing air were from 0.83 to 8.1 and 2.4 to 16.2 times higher in the relation to the prescribed PEL and maximum allowed concentration （MAC） values, respectively, while the concentrations of particular VOCs were much below the PEL prescribed by the OSHA.