A 48-year-old Indian male with alcoholic liver cirrhosis was admitted after being found unresponsive. He was hypotensive and had hematochezia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed small esophageal varices and a cle...A 48-year-old Indian male with alcoholic liver cirrhosis was admitted after being found unresponsive. He was hypotensive and had hematochezia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed small esophageal varices and a clean-based duodenal ulcer. He continued to have hematochezia and anemia despite blood transfusions. Colonoscopy was normal. Repeat EGD did not reveal any source of recent bleed. Twelve days after admission, his hematochezia ceased. He refused further investigation and was discharged two days later. He presented one week after discharge with hematochezia. EGD showed non-bleeding Grade 1 esophageal varices and a clean-based duodenal ulcer. Colonoscopy was normal. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed liver cirrhosis with mild ascites, paraumbilical varices, and splenomegaly. He had multiple episodes of hematochezia, requiring repeated blood transfusions. Capsule endoscopy identified the bleeding site in the jejunum. Concurrently, CT angiography showed paraumbilical varices inseparable from a loop of small bowel, which had herniated through an umbilical hernia. The lumen of this loop of small bowel opacified in the delayed phase, which suggested variceal bleeding into the small bowel. Portal vein thrombosis was present. As he had severe coagulopathy and extensive paraumbilical varices, surgery was of high risk. He was not suitable for transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt as he had portal vein thrombosis. Percutaneous paraumbilical embolization via caput medusa was performed on day 9 of hospitalization. Following the embolization, the hematochezia stopped. However, he defaulted subsequent follow-up.展开更多
The presentation of clinical symptoms due to decompression during diving, varies significantly, as mainly minor disturbances for the gastrointestinal tract in particular have been reported. The following case debates ...The presentation of clinical symptoms due to decompression during diving, varies significantly, as mainly minor disturbances for the gastrointestinal tract in particular have been reported. The following case debates whether diving can cause severe symptoms from the gastrointestinal system. We describe a clinical case of ischemic colitis presented in a 27-year-old male, who manifested abdominal pain while in the process of scuba diving 20 meters undersea, followed by bloody diarrhoea as soon as he ascended to sea level. Taking into account his past medical history, the thorough, impeccable clinical and laboratory examinations and presence of no other factors predisposing to ischemia of the colon, we assume that a possible relationship between diving conditions and the pathogenesis of ischemic colitis may exist. This unusual case might represent a hematologic manifestation of decompression sickness, due to increased coagulability and/or transient air emboli, occurring during a routine scuba diving ascent to sea level.展开更多
In this paper, STC with water-filling transmit power distribution in MISO system is proposed when the partial channel information feedback is possible, for example, at slow fading scenario. The performances of the wat...In this paper, STC with water-filling transmit power distribution in MISO system is proposed when the partial channel information feedback is possible, for example, at slow fading scenario. The performances of the water-filling STC including water-filling STTC and water-filling STBC are analyzed. Performance comparison of the Ungerboeck's 2/3 trellis coded 8PSK modulated 2-STBC and 2-STTCs with QPSK is given out in different channel correlation.展开更多
Intracardic air embolism is uncommon, however it is a serious condition which frequently leads to catastrophic complications during or after invasive procedures resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. For a ...Intracardic air embolism is uncommon, however it is a serious condition which frequently leads to catastrophic complications during or after invasive procedures resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. For a successful re- suscitation of patients with intracardiac air embolism, hy- perbaric oxygen therapy is critical.~~2~ Still, due to a hyper- baric chamber＇s unavailability at many hospitals and con- cerns about patient movement resulting in further embolism during transport, such treatment method is gradually dimin- ishing.展开更多
A 61-year-old woman was diagnosed with common bile duct stones and acute biliary pancreatitis. She had previously undergone cholecystectomy 5 years ago. A planed endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) ...A 61-year-old woman was diagnosed with common bile duct stones and acute biliary pancreatitis. She had previously undergone cholecystectomy 5 years ago. A planed endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) was arranged under general anesthesia. The patient was posed at prone position without bronchial intubation. Endoscopic access was achieved smoothly and cholangiography revealed mild dilation of the extrahepatic bile duct with mild graduate taper at ampullary region. Some filling defects were found inside lower CBD. A moderate sphincterotomy was made unremarkably, and some tiny stones were retrieved using a Dormia basket. A retrieval balloon was advanced into bile duct to make occlusion cholangiogram. At this moment, the endoscope lost its location into part one of duodenum. When the scope reaches back to descending duodenum, active bleeding was found coming out from orifice of papilla, accompanied with decreased oxygen saturation and arrhythmia. X-ray examination demonstrated gas within hepatic vein and inferior cava vein, although no free gas was observed in the renal region or subphrenic area. The endoscope was removed immediatelyand patient was changed to supine position. Vigorous cardiopulmonary resuscitation was begun immediately, unfortunately the patient did not response to all the efforts. The causes of death were thought to be systemic air embolism with cardiopulmonary failure.展开更多
A diagnosis of intestinal diverticulosis is difficult to make pre-operatively because the clinical symptoms are usually non-specific. We report the case of a 70-year-old man who had suffered from three episodes of int...A diagnosis of intestinal diverticulosis is difficult to make pre-operatively because the clinical symptoms are usually non-specific. We report the case of a 70-year-old man who had suffered from three episodes of intestinal obstruction in 1 year. He experienced dull pain and a sensation of fullness over the whole abdomen. The symptoms did not improve after conservative treatment.The presumptive diagnosis was intestinal obstruction, and an exploratory laparotomy found diverticulosis of the proximal jejunum, with an adhesion band formed from the base of one diverticulum. Strangulation of a segment of the jejunum resulted from the internal herniation caused by the band. The band was removed and the proximal jejunum segmentally resected. His postoperative course was uneventful.展开更多
Existed evidences show that airborne transmission of human respiratory droplets may be related with the spread of some infectious disease, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） and H1N1 pandemic. Non-phar...Existed evidences show that airborne transmission of human respiratory droplets may be related with the spread of some infectious disease, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） and H1N1 pandemic. Non-pharmaceutical approaches, including ventilation system and personal protection, are believed to have certain positive effects on the reduction of co-occupant＇s inhalation. This work then aims to numerically study the performances of mouth covering on co-occupant＇s exposure under mixing ventilation （MV）, under-floor air distribution （UFAD） and displacement ventilation （DV） system, using drift-flux model. Desk partition, as one generally employed arrangement in plan office, is also investigated under MV. The dispersion of 1, 5 and 10 grn droplet residuals are numerically calculated and CO2 is used to represent tracer gas. The results show that using mouth covering by the infected person can reduce the co-occupant＇s inhalation greatly by interrupting direct spread of the expelled droplets, and best performance can be achieved under DV since the coughed air is mainly confined in the microenvironment of the infected person. The researches under MV show that the two interventions, mouth covering and desk partition, achieve almost the sarae inhalation for fine droplets while the inhalation of the co-occupant is lower when using mouth covering for large droplets.展开更多
The free-piston engine generator(FPEG)is regarded as the next generation of energy conversion system which may replace traditional engines in the future.The effect of key operational parameters like excess air ratio o...The free-piston engine generator(FPEG)is regarded as the next generation of energy conversion system which may replace traditional engines in the future.The effect of key operational parameters like excess air ratio of input mixture and ignition position on the engine performance of a dual-cylinder FPEG was investigated,and their sensitivity was analyzed in this paper.The operating compression ratio of the system is susceptible to changes in excess air ratio and ignition position.At the same time,it decreases from 15.8 to 6.6 when excess air ratio increases from 0.85 to 1.15,but it increases from 6.1 to 13.3 as ignition position increases from 15 mm to 20 mm.The operating frequency and indicated power are more sensitive to changes in excess air ratio than ignition position.But it is the opposite for the indicated thermal efficiency and friction loss.Excess air ratio and ignition position have a quite similar influence on heat transfer.Therefore,from the perspective of system operation and performance,it is preferable to keep excess air coefficient slightly below 1.0.In contrast,when selecting ignition position,it is of great importance to comprehensively consider the risk of structural damage caused by the increase in the compression ratio and in-cylinder gas pressure.展开更多
To investigate airflow pattern and its impact on particle deposition, finite-volume based computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulations were conducted in the diseased triple-bifitrcation airways. Computations were ...To investigate airflow pattern and its impact on particle deposition, finite-volume based computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulations were conducted in the diseased triple-bifitrcation airways. Computations were carried out for twenty Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 2 000 in the step of 100. Particles in the size range of 1-10 μm were conducted. Two particle deposition mechanisms （gravitational sedimentation and inertial impaction） were considered. The results indicate that there are strong relationship between airflow structures and particle deposition patterns. Deposition efficiency is different for different particles in the whole range of the respiratory rates. Particles in different sizes can deposit at different sites. Smaller particles can be uniformly deposited at the inside wall of the considered model. Larger particles can be mainly deposited in the proximal bifurcations. Deposition fraction varies a lot for different inlet Reynolds numbers. For lower Reynolds numbers, deposition fraction is relatively small and varies a little with varying the diameters. For Reynolds number to target the aerosols at the specific site. higher Reynolds numbers, there is a most efficient diameter for each展开更多
Air pollution is one of the leading cause of death for underdeveloped as well as developed countries. In 2011, the air pollution was the second leading cause of death in one of the main hospitals of the Kathmandu Vall...Air pollution is one of the leading cause of death for underdeveloped as well as developed countries. In 2011, the air pollution was the second leading cause of death in one of the main hospitals of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, and it was the third leading cause in the United States. Burning fossil fuels for transportation was one of the major causes. Among various impacts of the air pollution, COPD （chronic obstructive pulmonary disease） was one of the main consequences. In the 570 km2 Kathmandu Valley, vehicle registration was increased from 45,871 in 1990/1991 to 570,145 in 2010/2011, an increase of over 12-fold over 20 years. The vehicle registration and number of COPD patients＇ data were collected from various government divisions. In addition, the average daily travel distance and fuel mileage data were collected with a survey with residents of the Kathmandu Valley. This paper calculates the amount of carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions by transportation sector and determines correlation between CO2 emissions and COPD patients. Results show that there was a very high level of CO2 emissions, and it was positively correlated with the number of COPD patients in the valley.展开更多
Since a frame for a Hilbert space must be a Bessel sequence, many results on(quasi-)affine bi-frame are established under the premise that the corresponding(quasi-)affine systems are Bessel sequences. However,it is ve...Since a frame for a Hilbert space must be a Bessel sequence, many results on(quasi-)affine bi-frame are established under the premise that the corresponding(quasi-)affine systems are Bessel sequences. However,it is very technical to construct a(quasi-)affine Bessel sequence. Motivated by this observation, in this paper we introduce the notion of weak(quasi-)affine bi-frame(W(Q)ABF) in a general reducing subspace for which the Bessel sequence hypothesis is not needed. We obtain a characterization of WABF, and prove the equivalence between WABF and WQABF under a mild condition. This characterization is used to recover some related known results in the literature.展开更多
Over the past several years, spatially shaped self-accelerating beams along different trajectories have been studied extensively. Due to their useful properties such as resistance to diffraction, self-healing, and sel...Over the past several years, spatially shaped self-accelerating beams along different trajectories have been studied extensively. Due to their useful properties such as resistance to diffraction, self-healing, and selfbending even in free space, these beams have attracted great attention with many proposed applications. Interestingly, some of these beams could be designed with controllable spatial profiles and thus propagate along various desired trajectories such as parabolic, snake-like, hyperbolic, hyperbolic secant, three-dimensional spiraling, and even self-propelling trajectories. Experimentally, suchbeams are realized typically by using a spatial light modulator so as to imprint a desired phase distribution on a Gaussian-like input wave front propagating under paraxial or nonparaxial conditions. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of our recent work on specially shaped self-accelerating beams, including Bessel-like, breathing Bessellike, and vortex Bessel-like beams. In addition, we propose and demonstrate a new type of dynamical Bessel-like beams that can exhibit not only self-accelerating but also self-propelling during propagation. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented along with a brief discussion of potential applications.展开更多
Some future space missions measure distances of laser links and angles with unprecedented precision, allowing us to test theories of gravity up to the two-post-Newtonian （2PN） order. Besides, investigation of an int...Some future space missions measure distances of laser links and angles with unprecedented precision, allowing us to test theories of gravity up to the two-post-Newtonian （2PN） order. Besides, investigation of an intermediate-range force has been of considerable interests in gravitational experiments. Inspired by these ideas, within the framework of the scalar-tensor theory with an intermediate- range force, its 2PN approximation is obtained with Chandrasekhar＇s approach. It includes the 2PN metric and equations of motion for general matter without specific equation of state. The conserved quantities to the 2PN order are isolated with the aid of the energy-momentum complex. We also discuss the prospect of testing and distinguishing the intermediate-range force with the orbital motions of celestial bodies and spaeecrafts.展开更多
文摘A 48-year-old Indian male with alcoholic liver cirrhosis was admitted after being found unresponsive. He was hypotensive and had hematochezia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed small esophageal varices and a clean-based duodenal ulcer. He continued to have hematochezia and anemia despite blood transfusions. Colonoscopy was normal. Repeat EGD did not reveal any source of recent bleed. Twelve days after admission, his hematochezia ceased. He refused further investigation and was discharged two days later. He presented one week after discharge with hematochezia. EGD showed non-bleeding Grade 1 esophageal varices and a clean-based duodenal ulcer. Colonoscopy was normal. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed liver cirrhosis with mild ascites, paraumbilical varices, and splenomegaly. He had multiple episodes of hematochezia, requiring repeated blood transfusions. Capsule endoscopy identified the bleeding site in the jejunum. Concurrently, CT angiography showed paraumbilical varices inseparable from a loop of small bowel, which had herniated through an umbilical hernia. The lumen of this loop of small bowel opacified in the delayed phase, which suggested variceal bleeding into the small bowel. Portal vein thrombosis was present. As he had severe coagulopathy and extensive paraumbilical varices, surgery was of high risk. He was not suitable for transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt as he had portal vein thrombosis. Percutaneous paraumbilical embolization via caput medusa was performed on day 9 of hospitalization. Following the embolization, the hematochezia stopped. However, he defaulted subsequent follow-up.
文摘The presentation of clinical symptoms due to decompression during diving, varies significantly, as mainly minor disturbances for the gastrointestinal tract in particular have been reported. The following case debates whether diving can cause severe symptoms from the gastrointestinal system. We describe a clinical case of ischemic colitis presented in a 27-year-old male, who manifested abdominal pain while in the process of scuba diving 20 meters undersea, followed by bloody diarrhoea as soon as he ascended to sea level. Taking into account his past medical history, the thorough, impeccable clinical and laboratory examinations and presence of no other factors predisposing to ischemia of the colon, we assume that a possible relationship between diving conditions and the pathogenesis of ischemic colitis may exist. This unusual case might represent a hematologic manifestation of decompression sickness, due to increased coagulability and/or transient air emboli, occurring during a routine scuba diving ascent to sea level.
文摘In this paper, STC with water-filling transmit power distribution in MISO system is proposed when the partial channel information feedback is possible, for example, at slow fading scenario. The performances of the water-filling STC including water-filling STTC and water-filling STBC are analyzed. Performance comparison of the Ungerboeck's 2/3 trellis coded 8PSK modulated 2-STBC and 2-STTCs with QPSK is given out in different channel correlation.
文摘Intracardic air embolism is uncommon, however it is a serious condition which frequently leads to catastrophic complications during or after invasive procedures resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. For a successful re- suscitation of patients with intracardiac air embolism, hy- perbaric oxygen therapy is critical.~~2~ Still, due to a hyper- baric chamber＇s unavailability at many hospitals and con- cerns about patient movement resulting in further embolism during transport, such treatment method is gradually dimin- ishing.
文摘A 61-year-old woman was diagnosed with common bile duct stones and acute biliary pancreatitis. She had previously undergone cholecystectomy 5 years ago. A planed endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) was arranged under general anesthesia. The patient was posed at prone position without bronchial intubation. Endoscopic access was achieved smoothly and cholangiography revealed mild dilation of the extrahepatic bile duct with mild graduate taper at ampullary region. Some filling defects were found inside lower CBD. A moderate sphincterotomy was made unremarkably, and some tiny stones were retrieved using a Dormia basket. A retrieval balloon was advanced into bile duct to make occlusion cholangiogram. At this moment, the endoscope lost its location into part one of duodenum. When the scope reaches back to descending duodenum, active bleeding was found coming out from orifice of papilla, accompanied with decreased oxygen saturation and arrhythmia. X-ray examination demonstrated gas within hepatic vein and inferior cava vein, although no free gas was observed in the renal region or subphrenic area. The endoscope was removed immediatelyand patient was changed to supine position. Vigorous cardiopulmonary resuscitation was begun immediately, unfortunately the patient did not response to all the efforts. The causes of death were thought to be systemic air embolism with cardiopulmonary failure.
文摘A diagnosis of intestinal diverticulosis is difficult to make pre-operatively because the clinical symptoms are usually non-specific. We report the case of a 70-year-old man who had suffered from three episodes of intestinal obstruction in 1 year. He experienced dull pain and a sensation of fullness over the whole abdomen. The symptoms did not improve after conservative treatment.The presumptive diagnosis was intestinal obstruction, and an exploratory laparotomy found diverticulosis of the proximal jejunum, with an adhesion band formed from the base of one diverticulum. Strangulation of a segment of the jejunum resulted from the internal herniation caused by the band. The band was removed and the proximal jejunum segmentally resected. His postoperative course was uneventful.
基金funded by Research Grant Committee of the Hong Kong SAR government (RGC No. PolyU5265/08E)
文摘Existed evidences show that airborne transmission of human respiratory droplets may be related with the spread of some infectious disease, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） and H1N1 pandemic. Non-pharmaceutical approaches, including ventilation system and personal protection, are believed to have certain positive effects on the reduction of co-occupant＇s inhalation. This work then aims to numerically study the performances of mouth covering on co-occupant＇s exposure under mixing ventilation （MV）, under-floor air distribution （UFAD） and displacement ventilation （DV） system, using drift-flux model. Desk partition, as one generally employed arrangement in plan office, is also investigated under MV. The dispersion of 1, 5 and 10 grn droplet residuals are numerically calculated and CO2 is used to represent tracer gas. The results show that using mouth covering by the infected person can reduce the co-occupant＇s inhalation greatly by interrupting direct spread of the expelled droplets, and best performance can be achieved under DV since the coughed air is mainly confined in the microenvironment of the infected person. The researches under MV show that the two interventions, mouth covering and desk partition, achieve almost the sarae inhalation for fine droplets while the inhalation of the co-occupant is lower when using mouth covering for large droplets.
基金Projects(51675043,52005038)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The free-piston engine generator(FPEG)is regarded as the next generation of energy conversion system which may replace traditional engines in the future.The effect of key operational parameters like excess air ratio of input mixture and ignition position on the engine performance of a dual-cylinder FPEG was investigated,and their sensitivity was analyzed in this paper.The operating compression ratio of the system is susceptible to changes in excess air ratio and ignition position.At the same time,it decreases from 15.8 to 6.6 when excess air ratio increases from 0.85 to 1.15,but it increases from 6.1 to 13.3 as ignition position increases from 15 mm to 20 mm.The operating frequency and indicated power are more sensitive to changes in excess air ratio than ignition position.But it is the opposite for the indicated thermal efficiency and friction loss.Excess air ratio and ignition position have a quite similar influence on heat transfer.Therefore,from the perspective of system operation and performance,it is preferable to keep excess air coefficient slightly below 1.0.In contrast,when selecting ignition position,it is of great importance to comprehensively consider the risk of structural damage caused by the increase in the compression ratio and in-cylinder gas pressure.
基金Project(51178466) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(200545) supported by the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of ChinaProject(2011JQ006) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities of China
文摘To investigate airflow pattern and its impact on particle deposition, finite-volume based computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulations were conducted in the diseased triple-bifitrcation airways. Computations were carried out for twenty Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 2 000 in the step of 100. Particles in the size range of 1-10 μm were conducted. Two particle deposition mechanisms （gravitational sedimentation and inertial impaction） were considered. The results indicate that there are strong relationship between airflow structures and particle deposition patterns. Deposition efficiency is different for different particles in the whole range of the respiratory rates. Particles in different sizes can deposit at different sites. Smaller particles can be uniformly deposited at the inside wall of the considered model. Larger particles can be mainly deposited in the proximal bifurcations. Deposition fraction varies a lot for different inlet Reynolds numbers. For lower Reynolds numbers, deposition fraction is relatively small and varies a little with varying the diameters. For Reynolds number to target the aerosols at the specific site. higher Reynolds numbers, there is a most efficient diameter for each
文摘Air pollution is one of the leading cause of death for underdeveloped as well as developed countries. In 2011, the air pollution was the second leading cause of death in one of the main hospitals of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, and it was the third leading cause in the United States. Burning fossil fuels for transportation was one of the major causes. Among various impacts of the air pollution, COPD （chronic obstructive pulmonary disease） was one of the main consequences. In the 570 km2 Kathmandu Valley, vehicle registration was increased from 45,871 in 1990/1991 to 570,145 in 2010/2011, an increase of over 12-fold over 20 years. The vehicle registration and number of COPD patients＇ data were collected from various government divisions. In addition, the average daily travel distance and fuel mileage data were collected with a survey with residents of the Kathmandu Valley. This paper calculates the amount of carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions by transportation sector and determines correlation between CO2 emissions and COPD patients. Results show that there was a very high level of CO2 emissions, and it was positively correlated with the number of COPD patients in the valley.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11271037)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.1122008)
文摘Since a frame for a Hilbert space must be a Bessel sequence, many results on(quasi-)affine bi-frame are established under the premise that the corresponding(quasi-)affine systems are Bessel sequences. However,it is very technical to construct a(quasi-)affine Bessel sequence. Motivated by this observation, in this paper we introduce the notion of weak(quasi-)affine bi-frame(W(Q)ABF) in a general reducing subspace for which the Bessel sequence hypothesis is not needed. We obtain a characterization of WABF, and prove the equivalence between WABF and WQABF under a mild condition. This characterization is used to recover some related known results in the literature.
基金supported by the National Nat ural Science Foundation of China(61475161 and 11304165)China Scholarship Council,and Natural Science Foundation(NSF)and Ai Force Office of Scientific Research(AFOSR)in USA
文摘Over the past several years, spatially shaped self-accelerating beams along different trajectories have been studied extensively. Due to their useful properties such as resistance to diffraction, self-healing, and selfbending even in free space, these beams have attracted great attention with many proposed applications. Interestingly, some of these beams could be designed with controllable spatial profiles and thus propagate along various desired trajectories such as parabolic, snake-like, hyperbolic, hyperbolic secant, three-dimensional spiraling, and even self-propelling trajectories. Experimentally, suchbeams are realized typically by using a spatial light modulator so as to imprint a desired phase distribution on a Gaussian-like input wave front propagating under paraxial or nonparaxial conditions. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of our recent work on specially shaped self-accelerating beams, including Bessel-like, breathing Bessellike, and vortex Bessel-like beams. In addition, we propose and demonstrate a new type of dynamical Bessel-like beams that can exhibit not only self-accelerating but also self-propelling during propagation. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented along with a brief discussion of potential applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11473072 and 11103085)the Fundamental Research Program of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20131461)
文摘Some future space missions measure distances of laser links and angles with unprecedented precision, allowing us to test theories of gravity up to the two-post-Newtonian （2PN） order. Besides, investigation of an intermediate-range force has been of considerable interests in gravitational experiments. Inspired by these ideas, within the framework of the scalar-tensor theory with an intermediate- range force, its 2PN approximation is obtained with Chandrasekhar＇s approach. It includes the 2PN metric and equations of motion for general matter without specific equation of state. The conserved quantities to the 2PN order are isolated with the aid of the energy-momentum complex. We also discuss the prospect of testing and distinguishing the intermediate-range force with the orbital motions of celestial bodies and spaeecrafts.
