空无性与关系性:语言符号的根本特性——索绪尔《杂记》发微

整体之符号具有系统性和约定性,构成了整体语言,也将系统性和约定性赋予了整体语言。符号和意义永远是一体的,是我们用相同方式理解心智所呈现的两种形态,但能指和所指的两分在理论上具有必要性。符号之外壳( 能指) 是空无的,因而可以想把它当什么就能当什么。音联觉在某种程度上具有空无性,不具备固有的特性,它之具有充实性,是我们经由约定赋予它的。符号的一般法则就是词和意义( 符号和意义) 构成的整体之符号,这里没有外部存在物的位置。词与它周围存在的其他词一起处在相对而相关的关系中,从而实现意义,关系不确定,意义也就不确定。意义、价值的赋予或获取是一种集体心理行为,这种集体心理行为是凭借关系展开的,差异或关系是心理行为展开的基石与始点,也是心理行为展开的结果与终点,是一种语言现实和心理事实。每个符号本身不具有独立的存在特性,是空无的,它之具有存在特性就在于与其他符号的关系,而这种关系性是在共同的心理学系统中实现的。这是处于关系中的符号纯粹且单一的性质。

空白的活化——水墨艺术的现代性转化原理

如何把水墨置于当代艺术的语境加以讨论?如何以水墨性的精神来转化当代艺术的困境?这是讨论水墨的两个相关方面,本文试图从水墨性的内在精神出发来讨论这个问题,面对当代艺术"怎么做都可以"与"怎么做都不可以"的悖论,试图从材质的三重性出发,从自然性与空无性的结合出发,重新理解"空白的活化"的转化原理在当代的意义与价值。

索绪尔符号学理论的印度渊源

索绪尔的一个根本思想,就是符号处在关系之中,符号的存在,是符号与符号之间的否定性、差异性关系导致的,符号和外在世界没有关系。这点,与古印度的符号思想尤其是遣他(apoha)观念有直接的关联。另外,古印度思想认为世上万物(包括语言符号)都是诸元素因缘和合而成,其自身不具自性,是空无的,一切诸法都处在相对相待的关系中,也就是说,根本没有实体存在,唯有差异而已,或者说,唯有差异的缘起和生成而已。索绪尔同样认为无物存在,至少(在语言学领域)绝对地无物存在。……无物被天然地限定或给定,无物直接确凿地存在着,可以断定,这明显不是西方固有的思想,而是具有确切的东方思想特征。

康德哲学中的“先验自我意识”概念

康德通过对笛卡尔的"我思"概念的反思和批判,提出"先验自我意识"的概念,这一概念具有统一性、活动性、空无性和反思性的特征,这些特征一方面使康德的"先验自我意识"概念与笛卡尔的"我思"概念区分开来,并为康德之后的德国观念论的发展提供了可能性;另一方面揭示了康德哲学的特征,使它与之后的德国唯心主义区别开来。

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Water Vapor Content during 1961-2011 in Tianshan Mountains,China

Based on the climate factors data and surface vapor pressure （SVP） data of 44 weather stations in Tianshan Mountains during the years 1961-2011, this paper establishes a water vapor content （WVC） estimation model according to the relationship between monthly WVC of radiosonde and corresponding SVP and analyzes the spatial and temporal variability of WVC and their causes. The results show that the WVC is linearly and negatively related to the elevation and longitude （Vertical zonality and Longitude zonality）, while it was not linearly related to the latitude. The westerly wind, geographical situation and sea level elevation composed complex surface conditions to influence the spatial distribution of WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. The Mann-Kendall （M-K） statistical test shows a significant increasing trend in the mean annual WVC in Tianshan Mountains during 1961- 2011（P 〈 0.001）, with a rate of 0.23 mm/decade, and indicates an abrupt turning point in 1985 （P.〈0.001）. Correlation analysis shows that the WVC are significantly correlated to the temperature, especially during the winter, but the summer WVC are significantly correlated to the precipitation. In addition, the North Atlantic Oscillation Index （NAOI） and the Arctic Oscillation Index （AOI） are significantly correlated to the winter WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. As a new Microwave radiometric profilers （MWRPs） instrument, the MP- 3000A provides continuous, real-time and high temporal resolution atmospheric profiles up to 10 km. In order to monitor water vapor and atmosphere profiles in Tianshan Mountains, an MP-3000A was established in Urumqi （43.8°N, 87.58°N） in May 2008. The results indicated that the MP-3oooA was applicable to this area, and the evolutionary process of water vapor and the WVC peak values of MP- 3000A were a strong signal for rainstorm and flood forecasts for Urumqi and the Tianshan Mountains.

The Sequential Continuity of Multiplication on a Class of Infinite Matrix Algebras

Let λ and μ are sequence spaces and have both the signed_weak gliding hump property, (λ,μ) be the algebra of the infinite matrix operators which transform λ into μ, in this paper, we study the strong? Mackey? weak multiplier sequentially continuous problem of infinite matrix algebras (λ,μ).

The New Architecture with Time-Spatial Consistency for 5G Networks

While operators have started deploying fourth generation(4G) wireless communication systems,which could provide up to1 Gbps downlink peak data rate,the improved system capacity is still insufficient to meet the drastically increasing demand of mobile users over the next decade.The main causes of the above-mentioned phenomenon include the following two aspects:1) the growth rate of the network capacity is far below that of user's demand,and 2) the relatively deterministic wireless access network(WAN) architecture in the existing systems cannot accommodate the prominent increase of mobile traffic with space-time domain dynamics.In order to address the above-mentioned challenges,we investigate the time-spatial consistency architecture for the future WAN,whilst emphasizing the critical roles of some spectral-efficient techniques such as Massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO),full-duplex(FD)operation and heterogeneous networks(HetNets).Furthermore,the energy efficiency(EE)of the HetNets under the proposed architecture is also evaluated,showing that the proposed user-selected uplink power control algorithm outperforms the traditional stochastic-scheduling strategy in terms of both capacity and EE in a two-tier HetNet.The other critical issues,including the tidal effect,the temporal failure owing to the instantaneously increased traffic,and the network wide load-balancing problem,etc.,are also anticipated to be addressed in the proposed architecture.(Abstract)

Failure of Semi-infinite Beams of Variable Thickness and Curvature on Elastic Foundation under Contact Loading

In early winter it is usual, in cold regions, that ice features approach offshore structures, like offshore platforms, impacting them, in a slow process of constant deformation build up. Interaction follows, in many cases, up to the point where ice-failure caused by bending fracture takes place. This supposes very large contact forces that the structure has to resist. Therefore, quantification of these efforts is of vital importance to the structural design of platforms. In several designs, these platforms are constructed with inclined walls so as to cause ice to fail in a flex-compression mode. In such a case the ice feature is analyzed as a beam constituted of a linear elastic material in brittle state with constant ice thickness. The simplification renders the problem solvable in a close form. However, this hypothesis goes against field observations. Marine currents action, wind and the sequence of contacts among features lead to thickness variations. Here this factor is addressed in the construction of a model, for harmonic forms of variation of thickness profile, and the accompanying curvature variations, whose solution determines field variables used to address the failure question. Due to the deformation dependency of the loading, a numerical scheme for the two-point boundary value problem in the semi-infinite space is developed. Failure pressures are computed based on a Rankine locus of failure. Variations of the order of 20% in the failure loads, as compared to the uniform beam model, are observed.

符号背后的“空无”——罗兰·巴特的隐喻世界与东方电影的意象构成

罗兰·巴特的《符号帝国》等著作将符号学的抽象阐释与比较文化学的研究相结合,对东方文化的独特符号进行了伦理和文化思考,并深入研究了东方文化中的道教、佛禅思想。他将日常生活的文化材料赋予生命力,并强调了文化现象的"书写性"与禅宗意味的"空无性"。本文力图以解读罗兰·巴特的隐喻世界为基础,具体分析日本、中国、伊朗等东方文化电影中意象的构成与组接,以及东方电影影视语言中的含蓄性与多义性,进而指出东方电影中符号的撤退与意义的"空无"。从而在文化的对比与相互映衬中,指出东方电影独特的审美价值。

Conformal Invariance and a New Type of Conserved Quantities of Mechanical Systems with Variable Mass in Phase Space

Conformal invariance and a new type of conserved quantities of mechanical systems with variable mass in phase space are studied. Firstly, the definition and determining equation of conformal invariance are presented. The relationship between the conformal invariance and the Lie symmetry is given, and the necessary and sufficient condition that the conformal invarianee would be the Lie symmetry under the infinitesimal transformations is provided. Secondly, a new type of conserved quantities of the conformal invariance are obtained by using the Lie symmetry of the system. Lastly, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

A Ducted Fan MAV Anti-torque Control System

The UAVs （unmanned aerial vehicles） exist in various sizes. One of the most interesting niches concerns the UAVs of moderate size （〈 1 m）, also called MAVs （micro air vehicles）. An aerodynamic study of the ULB （Universite Libre de Bruxelles） developed a ducted rotor MAV using the results of full-scale wind tunnel tests that allowed the determination of the platform speed envelope, the power requirements and the endurance characteristics for ISA sea level conditions. Although the ULB MAV appears similar to other ducted-rotor concepts, it fundamentally differs from them as it uses the downwash of a single rotor to compensate the electric motor main rotor torque and to achieve full control around the roll, pitch and yaw axes. This paper explains in detail the components layout of the MAV and the aerodynamic characteristics of the anti-torque blades.

Relay movement control for maintaining connectivity in aeronautical ad hoc networks

As a new sort of mobile ad hoc network(MANET), aeronautical ad hoc network(AANET) has fleet-moving airborne nodes(ANs) and suffers from frequent network partitioning due to the rapid-changing topology. In this work, the additional relay nodes(RNs) is employed to repair the network and maintain connectivity in AANET. As ANs move, RNs need to move as well in order to re-establish the topology as quickly as possible. The network model and problem definition are firstly given, and then an online approach for RNs' movement control is presented to make ANs achieve certain connectivity requirement during run time. By defining the minimum cost feasible moving matrix(MCFM), a fast algorithm is proposed for RNs' movement control problem. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other control approaches in the highly-dynamic environment and is of great potential to be applied in AANET.

Charge and Energy Transfer in the Metal-free Indoline Dyes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Metal-free indoline dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells were studied by employing quantum chemistry methods. Comparative study of the properties of both ground and excited states of metal-free indoline dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells revealed： （i） as the number of rhodanine rings increases, the energy difference between HOMO and LUMO decreases and there is a red shift in the absorption spectrum with the binding energy increased, and the transition dipole moment decreased; （ii） Based on an analysis of charge differential density, we observed that the charge and energy are transfered from the phenylethenyl to the indoline and rhodanine rings; （iii） The electron-hole coherences are mainly on the indoline and rhodanine rings, and the exciton sizes are 30 and 40 atoms for indoline dyes with one and two rhodanline rings, respectively. These results serve as a good example of computer-aided design in metal-free indoline dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells.

Steady-State Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Propulsion Motor

The brushless DC motor can be used in the marine electric propulsion system for its excellent control characteristics and large thrust. In order to estimate the operating performances of the brushless DC motor for the high-power shipping during the design stage, the steady-state analysis is as important as the dynamic analysis generally. A mathematical model of the brushless DC propulsion motor is established according to the state-space method for the dynamic and steady-state performance analysis. The state-space mathematical model is a set of linear differential equations, so the steady-state currents of the armature windings can be gained directly by the symmetrical boundary conditions and the eigenvalues of the system matrix. The steady-state simulation results are compared with the dynamic ones to validate the correctness of this eigenvector method.

太虚法师对曹溪禅的研究

近代太虚法师对惠能所创曹溪禅有其深刻的研究与独到的见解。黄梅弘忍虽有十大入室弟子各自弘化一方,然实皆悟而未彻;唯曹溪惠能彻证彻悟,故得黄梅衣法。曹溪禅以“万法心生,生空无性”为纲要,惠能据此而自悟,亦据此而教他悟。曹溪所言“自性”一名而通多义,或指真如,或指第八含藏识等,自性乃曹溪禅关键所在处。

SOLVABILITY OF VECTOR KY FAN INEQUALITIES WITH APPLICATIONS

This paper aims to study the solvability of vector Ky Fan inequalities and the compactness of its solution sets.For vector-valued functions with the cone semicontinuity and the cone quasiconvexity in infinite dimensional spaces,the authors prove some existence results of the solutions and the compactness of the solution sets.Especially,some results for the vector Ky Fan inequalities on noncompact sets are built and the compactness of its solution sets are also discussed.As applications,some existence theorems of the solutions of vector variational inequalities are obtained.

Completeness of the System of Root Vectors of 2×2 Upper Triangular Infinite-Dimensional Hamiltonian Operators in Symplectic Spaces and Applications

The authors investigate the completeness of the system of eigen or root vectors of the 2×2 upper triangular infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian operator H 0.First,the geometrical multiplicity and the algebraic index of the eigenvalue of H0 are considered.Next,some necessary and sufficient conditions for the completeness of the system of eigen or root vectors of H0 are obtained.Finally,the obtained results are tested in several examples.

Nonlocal unambiguous discrimination among N nonorthogonal qudit states lying in a higher-dimensional Hilbert space

We give a strategy for nonlocal unambiguous discrimination (UD) among N linearly independent nonorthogonal qudit states lying in a higher-dimensional Hilbert space. The procedure we use is a nonlocal positive operator valued measurement (POVM) in a direct sum space. This scheme is designed for obtaining the conclusive nonlocal measurement results with a finite probability of success. We construct a quantum network for realizing the nonlocal UD with a set of two-level remote rotations, and thus provide a feasible physical means to realize the nonlocal UD.

Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Mediterranean Ecosystems

Dissolved organic nitrogen （DON） in soils has recently gained increasing interest because it may be both a direct N source for plants and the dominant available N form in nutrient-poor soils, however, its prevalence in Mediterranean ecosystems remains unclear. The aims of this study were to i） estimate soil DON in a wide set of Mediterranean ecosystems and compare this levels with those for other ecosystems; ii） describe temporal changes in DON and dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） forms （NH＋ and NO3）, and characterize spatial heterogeneity within plant communities; and iii） study the relative proportion of soil DON and DIN forms as a test of Schimel and Bennett＇s hypothesis that the prevalence of different N forms follows a gradient of nutrient availability. The study was carried out in eleven plant communities chosen to represent a wide spectrum of Mediterranean vegetation types, ranging from early to late successional status. DON concentrations in the studied Mediterranean plant communities （0-18.2 mg N kg-1） were consistently lower than those found in the literature for other ecosystems. We found high temporal and spatial variability in soil DON for all plant communities. As predicted by the Schimel and Bennett model for nutrient-poor ecosystems, DON dominance over ammonium and nitrate was observed for most plant communities in winter and spring soil samples. However, mineral-N dominated over DON in summer and autumn. Thus, soil water content may have an important effect on DON versus mineral N dominance in Mediterranean ecosystems

Exploration behaviour and behavioural flexibility in orb-web spiders： A review

Orb-web spiders and their webs constitute an ideal model system in which to study behavioural flexibility and spatial cognition in invertebrates due to the easily quantifiable nature of the orb web. A large number of studies demonstrate how spiders are able to modify the geometry of their webs in response to a range of different conditions including the ability to adapt their webs to spatial constraints. However, the mechanisms behind this impressive web-building flexibility in these cognitively limited animals remain poorly explored. One possible mechanism though may be spatial learning during the spiders＇ exploration of their immediate surroundings. This review discusses the importance of exploration behaviour, the reliance on simple behavioural rules, and the use of already laid threads as guidelines for web-building in orb-web spiders. The focus is on the spiders＇ ability to detect and adapt their webs to space limitations and other spatial disruptions. I will also review the few published studies on how spatial information is gathered during the exploration phase and discuss the possibility of the use of ＇cognitive map＇-like processes in spiders. Finally, the review provides suggestions for designing experimental studies to shed light on whether spiders gather metric information during the site exploration （cognitive map hypothesis） or rely on more simple binary information in combination with previously laid threads to build their webs （stigmergy hypothesis）.