基于全球剖分模型的空间信息编码模型初探

为解决由于不同GIS数据模型中同一空间实体的编码不惟一而导致数据共享困难及标识的静态性和无空间位置等问题,鉴于全球剖分模型的全球连续性、多层次性以及剖分面片地址码的全球惟一性,该文提出了基于全球剖分模型的全球空间信息剖分编码(GeoDNA)模型,并设计了该编码模型的系统架构,试图实现全球空间信息的全息表达。通过对遥感影像中的空间实体进行编码试验,表明全球空间信息剖分编码模型将大大增强空间信息的维护与共享能力,加快信息的查询与检索速度,在区域性的应急反应上具有很强的理论和实用价值。

全球空间信息GeoDNA编码模型及应用方法初探

为了解决因同一空间对象编码不同所引起的数据共享困难以及空间对象的编码无层次性问题,在全球剖分格网框架上提出了全球空间信息惟一性地理编码(GeoDNA)模型,并设计了该编码模型的系统架构,试图实现全球连续的、多层次空间信息的全息表达。通过对遥感影像数据进行编码探索,表明全球空间信息剖分编码GeoDNA模型将大大增强空间信息的共享能力,加快信息的查询与检索速度,提高全球海量数据的存储与管理的效率,在区域性的应急反应方面具有很强的理论和实用价值。

Understanding Changing in Traditional Agricultural Landscapes： Towards a Framework

Since the second half of the 20th century in Italy, following farming conversion or abandonment, many traditional agricultural systems and the connected landscapes along with them have disappeared. We discuss a conceptual framework to understand and describe changing in agricultural landscapes. According to us, the traditionality of the agricultural landscape is an expression of the local coevolution between the social project of the farmer and the constraints made by the natural system. The paper focuses on defining a spatial-temporal analytical model based on both the morphological recognition of different typologies of elements which contribute to the environmental landscape mosaic and the dynamic observation of the transformations of the mosaic itself. We identify the natural, social and economic driving forces involved in defining the agricultural space using a transdisciplinary approach so that ecological, agronomics and socio-economical information must be integrated as a basis for land use planning and management. The research approach and the methodology are applied to a couple of case studies.

Spatio-temporal framework of tectonic uplift stages of the Tibetan Plateau in Cenozoic

Four intensive uplift periods, i.e., 60–35, 25–17 and 12–8 Ma (but 18–13 Ma in the Himalayas of the southern Tibet), and since about 5 Ma, can be determined on the Tibetan Plateau by synthetical analysis of low-temperature thermo-chronology data, sedimentary deposit records, and structural deformation records of different areas. The strong tectonic uplift periods in different areas on the Tibetan Plateau are penecontemporaneous, except for the Himalayan area of the southern Tibet, where a rapid uplift and exhumation period, controlled by the activity of the South Tibetan Detachment System faults, occurred during 18–13 Ma. These strong uplift and exhumation periods correspond well to intensive deformation activity periods, suggesting tectonically-controlled uplift and exhumation. The deposit records, such as the distribution of coarse clastic sediments, the distribution of tectonically-controlled basins, stratigraphic discontinuousness or unconformity, and fault-controlled geomorphologic evolution, also match well with the strong uplift and exhumation periods. Expanding processes of the plateau are also discussed.

Maternal genetic structure in ancient Shandong between 9500 and 1800 years ago

Archaeological and ancient DNA studies revealed that Shandong,a multi-culture center in northern coastal China,was home to ancient populations having ancestry related to both northern and southern East Asian populations.However,the limited temporal and geographical range of previous studies have been insufficient to describe the population history of this region in greater detail.Here,we report the analysis of 86 complete mitochondrial genomes from the remains of 9500 to 1800-year-old humans from12 archaeological sites across Shandong.For samples older than 4600 years before present(BP),we found haplogroups D4,D5,B4 c1,and B5 b2,which are observed in present-day northern and southern East Asians.For samples younger than 4600 BP,haplogroups C(C7 a1 and C7 b),M9(M9 a1),and F(F1 a1,F2 a,and F4 a1)begin to appear,indicating changes in the Shandong maternal genetic structure starting from the beginning of the Longshan cultural period.Within Shandong,the genetic exchange is possible between the coastal and inland regions after 3100 BP.We also discovered the B5 b2 lineage in Shandong populations,with the oldest Bianbian individual likely related to the ancestors of some East Asians and North Asians.By reconstructing a maternal genetic structure of Shandong populations,we provide greater resolution of the population dynamics of the northern coastal East Asia over the past nine thousand years.

Comparative analyses of current three-dimensional numerical solar wind models

We present a comparative study of the most advanced three-dimensional time-dependent numerical simulation models of solar wind. These models can be classified into two categories： （I） theoretical, empirical and numerically based models and （Ⅱ） self-consistent multi-dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） models. The models of Category I are used to sep- arately describe the solar wind solution in two plasma flows regions： transonic/trans-Alfvrnic and supersonic/super-Alfvenic, respectively. Models of Category II construct a complete, single, numerical solar wind solution through subsonic/sub-Alfvrnic region into supersonic/super-Alfvrnic region. The Wang-Sheeley-Arge （WSA）/ENLIL in CISM is the most successful space weather model that belongs to Category I, and the Block-Adaptive-Tree-Solarwind-Roe-Upwind-Scheme （BATS-R-US） code in SWMF （Space Weather Modeling Framework） and the solar-interplanetary conservative element solution element MHD （SIP-CESE MHD） model in SWIM （Space Weather Integrated Model） are the most commonly-used models that belong to Category II. We review the structures of their frameworks, the main results for solar wind background studies that are essential for solar transient event studies, and discuss the common features and differences between these two categories of solar wind models. Finally, we conclude that the transition of these two categories of models to operational use depends on the availability of computational resources at reasonable cost and point out that the models＇ prediction capabilities may be improved by employing finer computational grids, incorporating more observational data and by adding more physical constraints to the models.

A Unified Spatio-Temporal Framework of the Cuerno-Barabasi Stochastic Continuum Model of Surface Sputtering

The nonlinear continuum model proposed by Cuerno and Barabasi is the most successful and widely acceptable theoretical description of oblique incidence ion sputtered surfaces to date and is quite robust in its predictions of the time evolution and scaling of interfaces driven by ion bombardment. However, this theory has thus far predicted only ripple topographies and rough surfaces for short and large scales, respectively. As a result, its application to the interpretation and study of nanodots, predicted by Monte Carlo simulations for, and observed in experiments of, oblique incidence sputtering is still unclear and, hence, an open problem. In this paper, we provide a new insight to the theory, within the same length scale, that explains nanodot formation on off-normal incidence sputtered surfaces, among others, and propose ways of observing the predicted topographies of the MC simulations, as well as possible control of the size of the nanodots, in the framework of the Cuerno-Barabasi continuum theory.